Quasi-experimental Research Articles

Efecto de un entrenamiento en habilidades de afrontamiento para el manejo del afecto negativo en un programa de tratamiento para pacientes con dependencia al alcohol

Introduction: coping skills for managing negative affect are defined as the cognitive and behavioral responses that the individual carries out to manage internal and external demands related to emotional states such as fear, sadness, anger, contempt, disgust or guilt. Objective: to evaluate the effect that training in cognitive-behavioral coping skills for managing negative affect has on the alcohol consumption pattern, the level of negative affect and the basic coping style of patients with alcohol dependence. Method: a quasi-experimental design with a control group was used, with pre and posttest measurements. Eleven men and three women participated (M = 33.44 [SD = 11.32]). Results: the results showed statistically significant changes in the experimental group, in the alcohol consumption pattern, (z = -2.52, p < .05), the level of negative affect (z = -2.53, p < .05); in basic coping styles such as problem-solving focus (z = -2.04, p < .05), which increased; and open emotional expression (z = -2.12, p < .05). Discussion and conclusions: the results obtained in this study are consistent with similar research in which people decreased their alcohol consumption as they used coping skills to manage emotions. The importance of including training in specific skills for managing negative affect as a key component of treatment is confirmed.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa

The problem in this research is the lack of variation in learning carried out by teachers in the classroom, due to the inappropriate selection of learning models, so that learning is less than optimal. The aim is to evaluate how effective the Discovery Learning learning model is in increasing student understanding compared to conventional learning methods. The method used is an experiment with a quasi-experimental design, namely Nonequivalent Control Group Design. In this study, there were two groups: an experimental group that was taught using Discovery Learning and a control group that was not given this treatment. The population of this study were all 5th grade students at MIN 1 Soppeng. The research hypothesis analyzed using the T test is the statement that the Discovery Learning learning model influences student learning outcomes. The sample in this study was determined by a saturated population, namely 5th grade students consisting of 45 people. The data collection techniques used in this research were multiple choice tests and observation sheets, with pre-tests and post-tests to measure students' cognitive learning outcomes. The instruments used in this research were tests and non-tests. The average pretest score in the experimental class and control class was almost the same, 71.78 and 71 respectively, but in the posttest, the experimental class increased to 88.65, while the control class only reached 77.55. Thus, the experimental class experienced a more significant increase in the average posttest score compared to the control class, indicating that the intervention or treatment applied in the experimental class was more effective in improving student learning outcomes. Hypothesis testing based on t-test analysis shows significant differences between the two groups, where the calculated t value (11.22771) is greater than the t table (2.016692), so the null hypothesis (H_0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H_1) is accepted. These findings show that the Discovery Learning learning model has a greater positive impact on improving student learning outcomes compared to conventional methods, so it can be concluded that this method is effectively used in science learning at MIN 1 Soppeng.

Efficacy of a Brief Intervention to Improve the Levels of Nutrition and Physical Exercise Knowledge Among Primary School Learners in Tshwane, South Africa: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The prevalence of childhood obesity in South Africa necessitates the design and implementation of interventions to improve the levels of physical activity and nutrition among school-age children. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention to improve knowledge regarding exercise and nutrition among primary school learners in Tshwane, South Africa, using a quasi-experimental single-group, pre–post-test design. A total of 86 primary school learners from two primary schools participated in the intervention, which was guided by the Analysis Grid for Obesity-Linked Environments (ANGELO). Descriptive statistics were analysed using the frequency distribution while inferential statistics used the t-test to compare the means of nutrition and exercise knowledge pre- and post-intervention. All primary school learners were able to access the nutrition and exercise information. The mean nutrition knowledge (pre- and post-test) was 0.914 and the mean exercise knowledge (pre- and post-test) was 0.8464. The primary school learners’ levels of knowledge on diet and physical exercise were improved by the brief intervention. It is recommended that this initiative be supported, continued, and duplicated in schools throughout Tshwane.

Improving medical certification of cause of death in Assiut University Children Hospital: an intervention study

IntroductionDeath certification is a health indicator and a public health surveillance tool. High-quality death certificate ensures reliability of mortality statistics used to direct the arranging of health-related programs and leading assessments of research and proper healthcare outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) puts Egypt in the group of ‘low quality’ death registration data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of composite training and audit intervention on accurate completion of death notification forms (DNFs) in Assiut University Children Hospital (AUCH) that has an average monthly mortality of 120 children’s deaths.MethodsA Quasi-experimental study design was conducted among residents of AUCH. The intervention consisted of 1- Preparing training material with basic information on how to report causes of death according to WHO criteria and case scenarios extracted from the medical records of children who died at AUCH, 2- One hundred residents of the AUCH were trained in one day workshops in 4 groups, with a pre-post knowledge assessment questionnaire. 3- A weekly audit of a sample of 10–15 DNFs was done for six months with reporting of findings to quality assurance director of the hospital.ResultsEighty- nine physicians completed the pre-post knowledge assessment with significant increase in knowledge score after the intervention (15.7 ± 3.2 vs. 11.9 ± 2.8). There was a significant decrease in the errors of reporting on the DNFs. The main improvement was in decrease from 90 to 18% in reporting the mechanism of death, and significant decline in writing cause of death in Arabic language only.ConclusionAccurate reporting of the medical cause of death can be achieved by educational intervention targeting physicians with institutionalizing of audit system for continuous quality improvement.

Nigeria for women project (NFWP) and social cohesion in rural livelihoods

Purpose The purpose of this paper is critically examine the Nigeria for Women Project (NFWP) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of NFWP on social cohesion in entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a quasi-experimental research design to address the scarcity of quantitative studies on women’s groups in Nigeria. A total of 2,400 respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the six geographical regions of the country. Findings Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that though scrimpy, the NFWP intervention targeted specifically for the empowerment of women, using the women’s affinity group model has recorded significant set up in improving women’s formation of social capital through advocacy, awareness creation, provision of credit, training of women on skill acquisition, among other activities. Practical implications This suggests that an increase in NFWP budget that seeks to expand participation of women in women’s groups, targeted at increasing women’s social cohesion, especially in the rural communities will help lift women and girls out of poverty in the country. Social implications It implies that women’s groups that serve as production cooperatives, saving associations and marketing groups can enhance women’s performance in entrepreneurship development and boost rural economy production in Nigeria. Originality/value This research contributes to the growing field of female entrepreneurial collaboration by proposing the moderation of social cohesion as a means to sustain agriculture and rural development in developing countries. It concludes that targeting women’s groups should form the foundation of public policy for social cohesion in women’s entrepreneurship development for rural economy.

The Complexities of Social Dining: Investigating Role of Impression Management, External Eating, and Known Companion Towards Food Portion

This study aims to investigate how dining with acquaintances or friends, the desire to manage others’ impressions, and external cues such as smell and appearance, influence food portion sizes. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, involving 236 participants who were active students at Semarang State University, all of whom were not on a diet, did not have allergies, and non-vegetarians. A General Linear Model Univariate analysis reveals that individuals who ate alone had a bigger portion compared to when eating with a known companion (F(1,228)=4.059, p=0.045, partial η2=0.17). Furthermore, the impression management or external cues influenced the individuals to take bigger portions when eating alone (F(1,228)=5.290, p =0.022, partial η2=0.023; F(1,228)=4110, p=0.044). However, those with high impression management and external eating tendencies took larger portions when eating with a known companion (F(1,228)=4.652, p=0.032, partial η2=0.020). Thus, the presence of a known companion had a less significant influence on overall portion sizes (F(1,228)=4.059, p=0.045, partial η2=0.17). These findings suggest that known companions exert a complex effect on eating behaviors. Future research should provide clearer guidelines for the appropriate portion sizes companions should take, while emphasizing healthy food choices in social dining setting.

The Effect of Mobile Search Retrieval Types on Self-Regulated Learning Among Middle School Students

The accessibility and retrieval of digital images via search engines on mobile devices have increasingly gained momentum among learners, attributed to the presence of various user-friendly search options. Several strategies do exist for the retrieval of digital images through search engines. The initial approach is Text Based Image Retrieval (TBIR), while the alternative is Graphical Based Image Retrieval (GBIR). Research examining the effects of different retrieval styles on learning outcomes within educational settings is notably limited. This study seeks to identify the most effective retrieval technique for improving self-regulated learning (SRL) skills in middle school students. The study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the two research groups, with the first experimental group utilising TBIR and the second experimental group utilising GBIR. The sample for this study comprised 60 middle school students, who were assigned at random to the two distinct groups for analysis. A scale for the detection of self-regulated learning has been developed in the present study, comprising 30 items. The findings indicated that the experimental group utilising GBIR demonstrated a higher level of self-regulated learning compared to the TBIR group. Expanding guidance for learners in utilising GBIR for accessing digital images is essential.

Effect of a Structured Education Program on Nursing Students' Awareness and Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Effect of a Structured Education Program on Nursing Students' Awareness and Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Comparative Study of Two Thoracic External Beam Radiotherapy Regimen 30Gy in 10 Fractions Versus 20Gy in 5 Fractions for Palliation of Symptoms in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently manifests with symptoms from the primary tumor within the chest, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, and hemoptysis. Thoracic palliative radiotherapy is a viable option for alleviating symptoms in these patients, who typically have a poor prognosis and are not candidates for curative treatment. Given their limited survival, a shorter treatment period that achieves adequate palliation is often preferred. Hypofractionated thoracic radiotherapy may meet this criterion. This quasi-experimental study, conducted at the Department of Radiotherapy, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January to December 2020, aimed to compare the response and acute toxicity of two thoracic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) regimens—30 Gy in 10 fractions versus 20 Gy in 5 fractions—in the palliation of symptoms in NSCLC patients. Seventy-two diagnosed NSCLC patients with chest tumor-related symptoms (cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain) unsuitable for radical treatment were enrolled and allocated into two groups by a non-randomized technique. Arm-A received 30 Gy in 10 fractions, while Arm-B received 20 Gy in 5 fractions. Patients were assessed before radiotherapy, at the end of treatment, and at 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment. The study found that both Arm-A and Arm-B showed highly significant improvement in all symptoms compared to pre-treatment status (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the two arms (p > 0.05). In Arm-A, 22.22% of patients achieved complete symptomatic response and 44.44% showed improvement, while in Arm-B, 19.44% of patients achieved complete symptomatic response and 50% showed improvement. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two arms regarding clinical symptomatic response (p > 0.05) or treatment-related toxicities (p > 0.05), all of which were manageable. In conclusion, both treatment regimens were equally effective in symptom palliation and had comparable toxicity profiles, supporting the use of either regimen depending on patient needs and resource availability.

Evaluating the use of 3D skin models as simulation-based educational tools among nursing students: A quasi-experimental study

BackgroundTeaching dermatology is challenging because of its' highly visible and tactile nature. While images improve visual memory and are valuable teaching aids, even high-quality photographs have limitations in what they can convey. AimOur aim is to validate the use of silicone-based 3D skin models as simulation-based educational tools by assessing their impact on recognition of various skin conditions among nursing students. Design and settingsA quasi-experimental, two-groups study was conducted in a Higher Education Institute in Ireland. ParticipantsParticipants were third-year undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a bachelor's programme in General Nursing or Children's and General Nursing, registered for a general module. We included 153 participants, 79 were in the control group and 74 were in the interventional group. MethodsNursing students rotated individually among stations to observe both 3D skin models and photographs of the models. At each station, students completed an answer sheet including questions on identifying skin categories and conditions, along with a validated scale to assess satisfaction, confidence, and realism in using these models. Each station illustrated five skin conditions using either models or photographs. Both groups visited both stations; only the sequence of visits varied between them. ResultsThe 3D skin models significantly improved nursing students' identification of the papulosquamous skin category (47.8 % interventional group and 24.4 % control group, p = 0.003). Additionally, students exposed to the models had higher scores for categorisation (mean ranks; 85.05 interventional group and 69.46 control group, p = 0.023). Qualitative data revealed students' favourable perceptions of the 3D models as effective learning tools, particularly their realism and sensory aspects. ConclusionsSuggestions for model improvements, including skin tone and positioning on the body, are likely to enhance effectiveness. Integrating 3D skin models into nursing education curricula is highly recommended to enhance nursing students' dermatology skills and clinical skin assessment.

The Effect of Differentiated Instruction based on Multiple Intelligences toward Critical Thinking and Student Self-Efficacy

Mathematics learning is often teacher-centered, where teachers directly present material to students without considering students' learning needs and improving their critical thinking skills. The lack of students' self-efficacy as a motivational factor will affect the development of their critical thinking level. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of differentiated instruction based on multiple intelligences to improve student's critical thinking and self-efficacy. This research employed a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental research design. This study focused on mathematics learning using the differentiated instruction approach in the vector topic for Year 10 students in one senior high school at Langsa, Aceh, Indonesiaand compared differentiated instruction and scientific approach. Based on the population, the experimental group implemented differentiated instruction, and the control group applied a scientific approach. The hypothesis was tested using MANOVA, Hotelling's T2 test, and independent sample t-test. The effect size of differentiated instruction was determined based on the Cohen d-effect size calculation. The results of this study indicate that differentiated instruction has a moderate effect on students' critical thinking but does not significantly affect their self-efficacy. Therefore, differentiated instruction can be considered as one of the effective approaches for enhancing students' critical thinking skills.

Promoting psychological safety in simulation using a novel visual tool: A mixed-methods quasi-experimental study

BackgroundPsychological safety is imperative for effective simulation-based learning within healthcare education, yet it is challenging for educators to establish. A visual tool, “Simulation Tool to Enhance Psychological Safety” (STEPS) was incorporated into simulation-based activities for prelicensure nursing students to support (or strengthen) psychological safety. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the STEPS tool on psychological safety during simulated learning for prelicensure nursing students. DesignThis study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design using a mixed-methods approach. MethodSTEPS was implemented in 12 simulation activities throughout a semester at a School of Nursing located in the southeastern United States. The Psychological Safety in High Fidelity Simulation Scale was utilized as a pretest-posttest survey; open-ended survey responses and focus groups were collected at the end of the last simulated experience of the term. Results51 prelicensure nursing students participated. Students' perceptions of psychological safety improved post the STEPS intervention. Qualitative data also revealed that they found STEPS valuable for enhancing learning from mistakes, support, comfort, and confidence. Students had different perceptions of how often STEPS needed to be explained. ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that incorporating STEPS into simulated learning experiences as a visual reminder for students and faculty promotes a safe and supportive environment, which helps students redefine mistakes as learning opportunities. This tool may be used as part of a multi-pronged approach to promoting psychological safety. Further testing with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Improving Quality of Life of the Elderly Hypertension with a Family Empowerment Approach: A Quasi-Experimental Method Study

Introduction: Elderly with hypertension not only face risks to their physical health but also often experience far-reaching impacts on psychological and social aspects that can lower their overall quality of life. Active family involvement is needed in the care of the elderly, so that the health of the elderly can be more optimalObjectives: This study explored the influence of family empowerment on the quality of life of the elderly with hypertension.Methods: A quantitative approach aimed at exploring the influence of family empowerment on the quality of life of the elderly with hypertension. The design used in this study is quasi-experiment with one group pre-test-post test. The study Population focuses on elderly with hypertension in Indonesia within the age range of 60-90 years. The number of samples of 56 respondents was selected by purposive sampling. Data collection took place before and after one month of families caring for the elderly with hypertension were given family empowerment. The instruments used are Quality of Life, which is measured by the Older People Quality Of Life (OPQOL-Brief). Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test in S.P.S.S. software version 27Results: The statistical results show that Z is calculated as -4,889 and sig is 0.000, so it can be concluded that there is a difference in quality of life before and after family empowerment.Conclusions: The study confirms a difference in the quality of life for older adults with hypertension before and after being given family empowerment

The effectiveness of outdoor education on positive youth development and 21st century skills

Background Problems: Adolescents face various social challenges, such as the need to succeed in a competitive environment, cope with stress, face a global pandemic, and must develop in the future as adults. Research Objectives: The purpose of this research is to create an outdoor program integrated with PYD and 21st century skills that form a generation of young people who are resilient and ready to face global challenges. Methods: The method used in this study was the quasi-experimental design research method. The design used in this study was Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design With More Than One Experimental Group. The research instrument to measure 21st century skills is the 21st century skills questionnaire, and to measure positive youth development (PYD) using the PYD 7Cs questionnaire. Findings and Results: There was a significant difference in the effect of the outdoor education program of PYD integration with the control group with a calculated f value of 17,993 and a sig value of 0.000. Similarly, there are differences between the 21st century skill integration group and the control group with a calculated f value of 15.579 and a sig value of 0.000. Conclusion: The results show that outdoor education that integrates PYD and 21st century skills has a better impact so that youth have excess energy if not channelled into positive activities. Youth needs in outdoor education activities are still an attractive choice. In the 21st century, outdoor education activities become meaningful learning with the condition that there is an integration concept both in 21st century skills and positive youth development.

Understanding COVID-19 pandemic-related shifts in active commute patterns: Insights from employees of a Canadian university

IntroductionIt is well established that the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted the commute patterns of people worldwide. Yet, little is known about how commuting by active transportation (AT) has shifted since COVID-19 restrictions lifted. This quasi-experimental study aimed to: 1) compare AT mode share pre-versus post-COVID-19 pandemic; and 2) identify key post-pandemic correlates of transport mode. MethodsA survey of employees from a Canadian university was conducted annually from 2013 to 2017 and in 2022. There were 644 valid participants who completed at least one of the surveys pre-COVID-19 pandemic and in 2022. Participants were categorized as using AT, passive transportation (PT), or mixed transportation (MT) as their primary transport mode between home and workplace. The mode share of each transport type pre-versus post-COVID-19 was analyzed. Additionally, shifts in individual-level transportation modes and related sociodemographic correlates were evaluated. ResultsCompared to pre-COVID-19 pandemic, AT decreased from 27.0% to 23.4%; however, PT increased from 52.0% to 60.7% in the post-pandemic era. Household income, age, and sex/gender were key correlates of transport mode shifting. Only the lowest income group showed an increase in AT (18.8%–20.3%); all other groups showed no change or a decrease, with the greatest decline observed in those earning $90,000 to $119,999 (20.5%–13.5%). AT use decreased in all age groups under 50 years with the clearest change in the 20- to 29-year-old age range (24.3%–8.1%). Females/women used AT at half the rates of males/men, both pre- and post-COVID-19. ConclusionsQueen's university's employees demonstrated changes in transport mode use due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in AT coupled with an increase in PT shown in this sample emphasizes the importance of organizational- and/or municipal-level interventions to encourage transportation modes that are both sustainable and health-promoting in the post-pandemic era.

The Influence of the Cooperative Learning Model Type TPS and TGT to Interest and Motivation Learn Volleyball Underhand Pass Participant Educate Class VIII of Public Middle School 2 Geneng Regency

Study This aiming for (1) For analyze difference application of learning models cooperative TPS type against interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice participant educated at SMP Negeri 2 Geneng. (2) For analyze difference application of learning models cooperative TGT type against interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice participant educated at SMP Negeri 2 Geneng. (3) For compare and analyze effectiveness between learning models cooperative TPS and TGT types in increase interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice participant educated at SMP Negeri 2 Geneng. Research This is study quantitative with design experiment quasi -experimental research This aiming for test differences between cooperative learning models TPS (Think Pair Share) and TGT (Teams-Games-Tournaments) interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice. Research this use Simple Random Sampling technique. The selection process sample done with method random simple for ensure representativeness and bias reduction. Data analysis techniques are carried out through prerequisite tests namely 1) Analysis Descriptive, 2) normality test, 3) homogeneity test, 4) sample t test. Based on results research that has been done above, then conclusion in study This is: 1) There is difference application of learning models cooperative TPS type against interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice at SMP Negeri 2 Geneng. 2) There is difference application of learning models cooperative TGT type against interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice at SMP Negeri 2 Geneng. 3) There is difference effectiveness between learning models cooperative TPS and TGT types in increase interest and motivation Study participant educate in volleyball underhand passing practice at SMP Negeri 2 Geneng by 36.13%.

Facilitating Trust Calibration in Artificial Intelligence-Driven Diagnostic Decision Support Systems for Determining Physicians' Diagnostic Accuracy: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Diagnostic errors are significant problems in medical care. Despite the usefulness of artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic decision support systems, the overreliance of physicians on AI-generated diagnoses may lead to diagnostic errors. We investigated the safe use of AI-based diagnostic decision support systems with trust calibration by adjusting trust levels to match the actual reliability of AI. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Dokkyo Medical University, Japan, with physicians allocated (1:1) to the intervention and control groups. A total of 20 clinical cases were created based on the medical histories recorded by an AI-driven automated medical history-taking system from actual patients who visited a community-based hospital in Japan. The participants reviewed the medical histories of 20 clinical cases generated by an AI-driven automated medical history-taking system with an AI-generated list of 10 differential diagnoses and provided 1 to 3 possible diagnoses. Physicians were asked whether the final diagnosis was in the AI-generated list of 10 differential diagnoses in the intervention group, which served as the trust calibration. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of physicians and the correctness of the trust calibration in the intervention group. We also investigated the relationship between the accuracy of the trust calibration and the diagnostic accuracy of physicians, and the physicians' confidence level regarding the use of AI. Among the 20 physicians assigned to the intervention (n=10) and control (n=10) groups, the mean age was 30.9 (SD 3.9) years and 31.7 (SD 4.2) years, the proportion of men was 80% and 60%, and the mean postgraduate year was 5.8 (SD 2.9) and 7.2 (SD 4.6), respectively, with no significant differences. The physicians' diagnostic accuracy was 41.5% in the intervention group and 46% in the control group, with no significant difference (95% CI -0.75 to 2.55; P=.27). The overall accuracy of the trust calibration was only 61.5%, and despite correct calibration, the diagnostic accuracy was 54.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the accuracy of the trust calibration was a significant contributor to the diagnostic accuracy of physicians (adjusted odds ratio 5.90, 95% CI 2.93-12.46; P<.001). The mean confidence level for AI was 72.5% in the intervention group and 45% in the control group, with no significant difference. Trust calibration did not significantly improve physicians' diagnostic accuracy when considering the differential diagnoses generated by reading medical histories and the possible differential diagnosis lists of an AI-driven automated medical history-taking system. As this was a formative study, the small sample size and suboptimal trust calibration methods may have contributed to the lack of significant differences. This study highlights the need for a larger sample size and the implementation of supportive measures of trust calibration.

Personal development of future teachers through resilience, emotional development and well-being using experiential learning

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present the design, implementation and evaluation of the Personal Development through Resilience, Emotional Development and Well-being (PD-REW) project. This is a personal development project aimed at teachers in training, which contains elements of resilience, emotional development and well-being. It is based on the need to work on the personal development of teachers, so that they acquire content and strategies that will be useful at a personal and professional level, since it will allow them to empathise with their pupils in adverse situations. The project relates personal development with the promotion of inclusive education. In order to achieve this, theoretical/practical work is combined with experiential learning processes. For its implementation, a quasi-experimental study has been carried out with a pre-test-post-test design, with the participation of 104 students of the Degree of Teacher of Infant and Primary Education. The results show a significant increase in the level of resilience, emotional development and personal well-being, showing a positive relationship between resilience and personal well-being. Therefore, it is concluded that the PD-REW project is effective for the personal development of student teachers.

Promoting Discovery Learning to Boost the Students’ English Writing in Vocational Schools

This study aims to examine the impact of implementing the discovery learning (DL) approach on improving students' writing skills in English subjects. The study employed a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design involving pre-tests and post-tests on two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The population of this study comprised 10th-grade students of Hospitality 1 and 2 at SMK N 6 Semarang in the 2024/2025 academic year, with Hospitality 1 as the control group and Hospitality 2 as the experimental group. In the experimental group, students were taught using the discovery learning (DL) approach, while the control group was taught without it. Data were collected through a writing test on recount texts and a closed questionnaire containing 15 questions to measure students' perceptions of the discovery learning approach. The data analysis, conducted using SPSS 27, revealed that the t-value (9.830) was greater than the t-table value (1.849) at a significance level of 0.025 with 27 degrees of freedom. This indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, showing a significant effect of discovery learning on students' writing skills. The questionnaire results demonstrated that students responded positively to this method, stating that discovery learning helped them become more active and engaged in the learning process. In conclusion, implementing the discovery learning (DL) approach significantly improves students' writing skills, making it an effective alternative for enhancing writing abilities in English language learning. The implication of this study suggests that teachers are encouraged to integrate discovery learning into their teaching strategies to foster active student participation and achieve optimal learning outcomes.

Benefits from Implementing Low- to High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review

Cardiac surgery procedures are among the main treatments for people with cardiovascular disease, with physiotherapy playing a vital part. Respiratory complications are common and associated with prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay, as well as increased mortality. Inspiratory muscle training has been found to be beneficial in improving respiratory muscle function in critically ill patients and patients with heart failure. The purpose of this review is to present the results of implementing inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programs in patients before and/or after cardiac surgery. The PubMed, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched from January 2012 to August 2023. In the present review, randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies conducted in adult patients pre and/or post cardiac surgery were included. Fifteen studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the review. The results revealed that the IMT programs varied in intensity, repetitions, and duration in all included studies. Most studies implemented the IMT after the surgery. Statistical significance between groups was noted in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and the 6-Minute Walk Distance Test. Preoperative and postoperative programs could improve inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity as well as decrease the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. No clear evidence emerged favoring low or higher IMT intensities. The combination of IMT with other forms of exercise might be beneficial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, further RCTs are required to provide confirming evidence.