2The cryptopine centipede genus, Paracryptops Pocock, 1891, comprises four small-bodied species in southern/southeastern Asia and one in the West Indies (Lesser Antilles) and northeastern South America, which is based on a specimen discovered during a quarantine inspection in Washington, DC, USA. Chamberlin (1914) proposed P. inexpectus for this centipede, and the nominal species is known from Guyana and Dominica (Chamberlin 1914; Attems 1930; Bucherl 1939, 1941, 1974; Chagas and Shelley 2004). As few anatomical differences exist between it and the type species, P. weberi Pocock, 1891, occurring in India, Vietnam, and Singapore, the last authors suggested that the names may be synonymous and that P. inexpectus may be the one applied to New World specimens of P. weberi. Species of Paracryptops are intimately associated with man, as they are cryptic, have twice been intercepted in quarantines, and 5 (29.4%) of the now 17 samples were encountered in urban environments where introduced species are common. Chagas and Shelley (2004) therefore suggested that Paracryptops may consist of only one or two species that have been unknowingly carried by man to other locations and then discovered and redescribed as new species. A definitive conclusion as to the origin of Paracryptops in the New World can only come from a full generic revision, in which all specimens are examined and compared, and all available names are evaulated. While visiting the Zoological Museum of the Danish Museum of Natural History, Copenhagen (ZMUC), in August 2005, I discovered a sample with two individuals of P. inexpectus from Cole’s Cave, Barbados, Lesser Antilles. This is a somewhat inaccessible cave with a resident bat colony that tourists can visit with a guide, and it is located near the village of Proutes in the center of the island, about an hour’s drive northeast of Bridgetown. The sample thus represents both the third country and locality for P. inexpectus and Paracryptops in the Western Hemisphere and the second generic record from a cave, the other being the type of P. indicus Silvestri, 1924, from Siju Cave, Meghalaya State, India (Jangi and Dass 1978, Khanna 2001, Chagas and Shelley 2004). The centipedes were encountered “in guano” well inside Cole’s Cave, the same locality and habitat where the same collector found the widespread Caribbean milliped,