Quantum Principles Research Articles

Unveiling the potential of phonons and photons in quantum computing and communication

This article explores the cutting-edge advancements in quantum technologies, focusing on the innovative use of atomic interactions and the role of phonons and photons in quantum systems. We delve into the recent discovery by researchers at the University of Washington, who have demonstrated the potential of atomic vibrations for tracking and transmitting quantum information, laying the groundwork for new communication systems, high-precision sensors, and powerful computational architectures. The discussion extends to the domain of optomechanics, where light and mechanical vibrations are intricately linked, offering new quantum phenomena for controlling single photons through integrated optical circuits. The study of excitons and their interaction with photons highlights the crucial role these quasi-particles play in the absorption and emission of light in semiconductors, and their potential for encoding and transmitting quantum information. Furthermore, the article addresses the challenges and solutions in leveraging phonons within quantum technologies, emphasizing their application in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. The inherent challenges of simulating quantum systems on classical computers are also discussed, alongside the pivotal role of software simulations in quantum algorithm development, education, and research. In conclusion, the article underscores the ongoing journey of quantum technology development, marked by significant challenges but driven by the immense potential to revolutionize computing, communication, and sensing. The integration of quantum principles into practical applications continues to push the boundaries of what is technologically feasible, heralding a new era of innovation and discovery in the quantum realm.

Organizational Homeostasis: A Quantum Theoretical Exploration With Bohmian And Prigoginian Systemic Insights

This research investigates the intricate dynamics of systemic well-being within organizational frameworks, intertwining Bohm’s idea of ‘wholeness’ and Prigogine’s perspective on equilibrium. By rooting its exploration in wave analogies and quantum principles like superposition, non-locality, and entanglement, the study highlights the fluctuation (far-from-equilibrium) in systems around a balanced state. Contrasting conventional ideas of stability, Prigogine emphasized the constant divergence systems experience while pursuing equilibrium. Within this context, organizations demand versatile strategies aligned with dissipative structures, utilizing external energies to uphold internal coherence amidst potential chaos. Moreover, elevated through mindful strategies, corporate consciousness offers insights into temporal dynamics, enhancing decision-making, resilience against market fluctuations, and fostering an enriched organizational ethos rooted in present awareness. Consequently, the emergent corporate entity, invigorated by this heightened consciousness and need for corporate alignment and coherence, excels in present conditions and is adept at anticipating and addressing future challenges. This paper introduces the ‘MCE’, underscoring the essence of mindfulness as a cardinal strategy to ensure holistic organizational well-being and enduring sustainability.

Algorithm efficiency and hybrid applications of quantum computing

With the development of science and technology, it is difficult for traditional computers to solve cutting-edge problems due to the lack of computing power, and the importance of quantum computers is increasing day by day. This article starts with the simple principle of quantum computing, introduces the most advanced quantum computing instruments and quantum computing algorithms, and points out the application prospects in medicine, chemistry and other fields. This paper explains the basic principles of quantum computing algorithms, their efficiency over traditional algorithms, and focuses on the Shor algorithm and its variations. In terms of applications, the quantum computer Zu Chongzhi and its contribution to the sampling problem of quantum random circuits are introduced. This paper makes a certain analysis of the limitations of quantum computing, and gives the future development goals in a targeted manner. Besides, we summarize popular quantum computing algorithms and applications, and make contributions to the promotion and development of quantum computing. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of how to improve the computational efficiency of quantum computers.

Quantum concepts in Psychology: Exploring the interplay of physics and the human psyche

This paper delves into the innovative intersection of quantum mechanics and psychology, examining the potential of quantum principles to provide fresh insights into human emotions, cognition, and consciousness. Drawing parallels between quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, tunneling, decoherence and their psychological counterparts, we present a quantum-psychological model that reimagines emotional states, cognitive breakthroughs, interpersonal relationships, and the nature of consciousness. The study uses computational models and simulations to explore this interdisciplinary fusion's implications and applications, highlighting its potential benefits and inherent challenges. While quantum concepts offer a rich metaphorical lens to view the intricacies of human experience, it is essential to approach this nascent framework with enthusiasm and skepticism. Rigorous empirical validation is paramount to realize its full potential in research and therapeutic contexts.This exploration stands as a promising thread in the tapestry of intellectual history, suggesting a deeper understanding of the human psyche through the lens of quantum mechanics.

The connection between meridians and physiological functions: A quantum principle

The connection between meridians and physiological functions: A quantum principle

Some Remarks on Hume, Reichenbach, and Einstein’s views on Temporal and Causal Priority in Causation with Objections from Quantum Realm

Stunning new observations and theories deepen the concept of causation. Quantum theory is one of the most striking discovery of contemporary physics, and it challenges many facets of older theories, even though it lies on many assumptions that could not be empirically experimented. In this paper, I will recall the views of Hume, Reichenbach and Einstein about the issue of causation, whereas I will focus on causal priority and temporal priority criteria in causation. Nevertheless, one task that I perform is the interpretation of these ideas by arguing them within the quantum scope. That is, trying to manifest Hume, Reichenbach and Einstein views of causation that I think as close, but I shall avoid putting straight cuts on where they differ. Direction of causal processes is dependent on the direction of time in Hume’s sense while Reichenbach explained the direction of time with irreversible processes, even if he follows the temporal priority criteria of Hume. It is stated that there is nothing faster than light by Einstein, as a result, a cause could not pass the upper limit of light. Crudely put, their thoughts all differ from the principles of quantum, because causation (causation might denote a different meaning in quantum realm) may be able to travel faster than light and the common cause principle between events is rejected in quantum realm.

Quantum Machine Learning: Bridging the Gap Between Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence: An Overview

Abstract: Quantum Machine Learning (QML) at the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence (AI) is explored, emphasizing its role in connecting these domains. The transformative potential of QML in enhancing classical machine learning and the introduction of the Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) algorithm (Ref. 4) are highlighted. Fundamental quantum principles, quantum feature maps, and the VQC's use of parameterized quantum circuits are discussed (Refs. 1, 3). The paper addresses practical implementation, optimization techniques, and the VQC's performance through empirical evaluations (Ref. 4). Implications of QML extend to diverse applications (Ref. 5), positioning it as a bridge between quantum computing and AI to unlock transformative possibilities.

The hidden quantum origin of gauge connections

A fibre bundle viewpoint of gauge field theories is reviewed with focus on a possible quantum interpretation. The fundamental quantum properties of non-separability of state spaces is considered in the context of defining the connection on the fibre bundle, leading to an application of the quantum principles to the geometrical and topological definition of gauge theories. As a result, one could justifiably ask oneself if all interactions of the standard model, and perhaps even classical gravity have some quantum component after all. I employ a standard fibre bundle approach to introduce gauge theories, albeit it is known that a quantum bundle exists, simply because the main scope is to show that in the usual way in which we formulate classical gauge theories one can find quantum aspects that have been unknown until now. In a sense, I will try to justify the assessment that if we are to allow for gauge fields and parallel transport, we may have to allow at least some level of quantumness even in our classical gauge theories. The main statement is that propagation of interactions in spacetime is a quantum phenomenon. After writing the first draft of this article I noticed Y Shen C. Rosales-Guzman 2022 Laser & Photonics Reviews, 16,2100533 where the authors device entanglement of what they call ‘classical light’. This experiment supports my theoretical developments with the distinction that I interpret such phenomena also as fundamentally quantum. The distinction comes from the fact that the quantum nature of the experiments is manifested in a different way. My view on this is that there is no purely classical reality, no matter what the scale is at which we consider the description. I also discuss the fact that observing a quantum nature of ‘classical’ light propagation would amount to the requirement of modifying the causal structure defined in terms of the speed of light in a vacuum, on stronger grounds, based on the quantum interpretation of gauge connections.

Applying the Action Principle of Classical Mechanics to the Thermodynamics of the Troposphere

Advances in applied mechanics have facilitated a better understanding of the recycling of heat and work in the troposphere. This goal is important to meet practical needs for better management of climate science. Achieving this objective may require the application of quantum principles in action mechanics, recently employed to analyze the reversible thermodynamics of Carnot’s heat engine cycle. The testable proposals suggested here seek to solve several problems including (i) the phenomena of decreasing temperature and molecular entropy but increasing Gibbs energy with altitude in the troposphere; (ii) a reversible system storing thermal energy to drive vortical wind flow in anticyclones while frictionally warming the Earth’s surface by heat release from turbulence; (iii) vortical generation of electrical power from translational momentum in airflow in wind farms; and (iv) vortical energy in the destructive power of tropical cyclones. The scalar property of molecular action (@t ≡ ∫mvds, J-sec) is used to show how equilibrium temperatures are achieved from statistical equality of mechanical torques (mv2 or mr2ω2); these are exerted by Gibbs field quanta for each kind of gas phase molecule as rates of translational action (d@t/dt ≡ ∫mr2ωdϕ/dt ≡ mv2). These torques result from the impulsive density of resonant quantum or Gibbs fields with molecules, configuring the trajectories of gas molecules while balancing molecular pressure against the density of field energy (J/m3). Gibbs energy fields contain no resonant quanta at zero Kelvin, with this chemical potential diminishing in magnitude as the translational action of vapor molecules and quantum field energy content increases with temperature. These cases distinguish symmetrically between causal fields of impulsive quanta (Σhν) that energize the action of matter and the resultant kinetic torques of molecular mechanics (mv2). The quanta of these different fields display mean wavelengths from 10−4 m to 1012 m, with radial mechanical advantages many orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding translational actions, though with mean quantum frequencies (v) similar to those of radial Brownian movement for independent particles (ω). Widespread neglect of the Gibbs field energy component of natural systems may be preventing advances in tropospheric mechanics. A better understanding of these vortical Gibbs energy fields as thermodynamically reversible reservoirs for heat can help optimize work processes on Earth, delaying the achievement of maximum entropy production from short-wave solar radiation being converted to outgoing long-wave radiation to space. This understanding may improve strategies for management of global changes in climate.

Quantum cognition and interpretation of the fantastic in Virginia Hamilton’s Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush

Abstract Fantasy requires a probabilistic theory of reasoning to explore how it enables the observer to create mental images from uncertainty. This study proposes a quantum cognitive approach to fantasy used for disclosing mental models of the character in uncertainty. For the uncertain individual, there exists a multiplicity of mentally incompatible but equally valid and complete representations (mental pictures) of the world. Contextualizing fantasy within the quantum cognitive principles, the novel Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush (1982) by Virginia Hamilton has been taken into consideration. In this novel the hesitation between psychological and supernatural explanations interrupts the predictive power about the real and affects mental models or cognitive states of the young character of the novel as the observer. The process of representing fantasy through complementarity, one of the quantum cognitive principles, shows that fantasy is a mixed state with a familiar probabilistic combination of states which reflect incomplete knowledge. The quantum principle of superposition has been used to explain the way an introspective mental experiment is initiated by the observer but not completed. The decision made by the observer is not a deterministic process that converges to a single mental representation. Rather it can evolve forever. To sum up, this article marks how quantum cognition can describe the uncertainty principle both on an emotional-behavioural and structural level when the observer entangles themselves within the irreducible indeterminacy of reality within fantasy.

Demonstration of the quantum principle of least action with single photons

The principle of least action is arguably the most fundamental principle in physics as it can be used to derive the equations of motion in various branches of physics. However, this principle has not been experimentally demonstrated at the quantum level because the propagators for Feynman’s path integrals have never been observed. The propagator is a fundamental concept and contains various significant properties of a quantum system in the path integral formulation, so its experimental observation is itself essential in quantum mechanics. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally observe the propagators of single photons based on the method of directly measuring quantum wave functions. Furthermore, we obtain the classical trajectories of single photons in free space and in a harmonic trap based on the extremum of the observed propagators, thereby experimentally demonstrating the quantum principle of least action. Our work paves the way for experimentally exploring the fundamental problems of quantum theory in the formulation of path integrals. Propagators of single photons based on directly measuring quantum wave functions are experimentally observed. Classical trajectories that satisfy the principle of least action are successfully extracted in the case of free space and harmonic potential.

Quantum Power Electronics: From Theory to Implementation

While impressive progress has been already achieved in wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as 4H-SiC and GaN technologies, the lack of intelligent methodologies to control the gate drivers has prevented exploitation of the maximum potential of semiconductor chips from obtaining the desired device operations. Thus, a potent ongoing trend is to design a fast gate driver switching scheme to upgrade the performance of electronic equipment at the system level. To address this issue, this work proposed a novel intelligent scheme for the control of gate driver switching using the concept of quantum computation in machine learning. In particular, the quantum principle was incorporated into deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to address the hardware limitations of conventional computers and the growing amount of data sets. Taking potential benefit of the quantum theory, the DRL algorithm influenced by quantum specifications (referred to as QDRL) not only ameliorates the performance of the native algorithm on traditional computers but also enhances the progress of relevant research fields like quantum computing and machine learning. To test the practicability and usefulness of QDRL, a dc/dc parallel boost converter feeding constant power loads (CPLs) was chosen as the case study, and several power hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) experiments and comparative analysis were performed.

Exploring the relationship between students’ conceptual understanding and model thinking in quantum optics

Learning quantum physics is essential for understanding the physical world. However, learning about quantum phenomena and principles poses a challenge as many of the phenomena that are observed at the quantum level cannot be directly observed or intuitively understood in terms of classical physics or thinking. Models play an important role in learning quantum physics by providing conceptual frameworks and visual representations that allow reasoning about and predicting the behavior of quantum systems. Therefore, understanding models is an essential part of learning quantum physics. In this article, we report the results of an exploratory survey study (N = 116) investigating the relationship between secondary school students’ conceptual understanding and model thinking in quantum optics with a particular focus on photons. The findings suggest a strong positive correlation between students’ functional understanding of the photon model and their conceptual understanding of quantum optics. This study contributes to our understanding of how students learn and make sense of quantum concepts through the use of models and may inform the development of instructional strategies for quantum physics education and outreach.

Implementation of Quantum Key Distribution Algorithm in Real Time IBM Quantum Computers

Abstract: We are Currently in the NISQ(noisy intermediate scale quantum) era. Current Quantum computers have a high noise error rate. With the increasing number of qubits every year we can develop fault tolerant quantum systems which have immense power to change our current computing power. Current quantum systems have shown to have the potential to break the classical RSA algorithm using shors algorithm. With more development and increase in number of qubits available it could easily break the current security systems of our computing. In future we could transmit data safely using the same quantum principles in the post quantum cryptography era. Quantum key distribution could be the future protocol used to transfer our secure information without getting hacked even by using quantum computing and break other quantum principles like shors algorithm which can break current encryption techniques like the RSA algorithms. We need to develop Quantum network infrastructure so we can implement the quantum key distribution algorithm in the future to enable secure transmission of data.

Entangling gates for trapped-ion quantum computation and quantum simulation

The trapped-ion system has been a leading platform for practical quantum computation and quantum simulation since the first scheme of a quantum gate was proposed by Cirac and Zoller (Phys Rev Lett 74:4091, 1995). Quantum gates with trapped ions have shown the highest fidelity among all physical platforms. Recently, sophisticated schemes of quantum gates such as amplitude, phase, frequency modulation, or multi-frequency application, have been developed to make the gates fast, robust to many types of imperfections, and applicable to multiple qubits. Here, we review the basic principle and recent development of quantum gates with trapped ions.

Mathias Kruck and others and Kingdom of Spain ICSID Case No. ARB/15/23 Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Principles of Quantum 14 September 2022

Mathias Kruck and others and Kingdom of Spain ICSID Case No. ARB/15/23 Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Principles of Quantum 14 September 2022

The general theory of relativity (GFE) is subjected to the quantum principle in the framework of a new concept

The general theory of relativity (GFE) is subjected to the quantum principle in the framework of a new concept

Bandit Approach to Conflict-Free Parallel Q-Learning in View of Photonic Implementation

Recently, extensive studies on photonic reinforcement learning to accelerate the process of calculation by exploiting the physical nature of light have been conducted. Previous studies utilized quantum interference of photons to achieve collective decision-making without choice conflicts when solving the competitive multi-armed bandit problem, a fundamental example in reinforcement learning. However, the bandit problem deals with a static environment where the agent’s actions do not influence the reward probabilities. This study aims to extend the conventional approach to a more general type of parallel reinforcement learning targeting the grid world problem. Unlike the conventional approach, the proposed scheme deals with a dynamic environment where the reward changes because of the agent’s actions. A successful photonic reinforcement learning scheme requires both a photonic system that contributes to the quality of learning and a suitable algorithm. This study proposes a novel learning algorithm, a modified bandit Q-learning method, in view of a potential photonic implementation. Here, state–action pairs in the environment are regarded as slot machines in the context of the bandit problem and a change in Q -value is regarded as the reward of the bandit problem. We perform numerical simulations to validate the effectiveness of the bandit algorithm. In addition, we propose a parallel architecture in which multiple agents are indirectly connected through quantum interference of light and quantum principles ensure the conflict-free property of state–action pair selections among agents. We demonstrate that parallel reinforcement learning can be accelerated owing to conflict avoidance among multiple agents.

Research progress of measurement of propagators in path integrals

The propagator plays a central role in path integral theory and therefore has significant value in various fields of modern quantum physics, where path integral representations can be used. However, owing to the fact that it has not been directly measured in experiment, progress of experimental studies of quantum systems based on path integral representations has been seriously limited. Recently, we proposed a propagator measurement scheme based on the direct measurement of the wave function and successfully performed the first experimental measurement of the propagator by using a single photon experiment. Furthermore, in this study, the quantum principle of least action is demonstrated for the first time. This research successfully addresses the technical challenges of path integral experimental studies. In this work, we review the research progress in this field, including a brief introduction to the basic concepts and research progress of direct wave function measurement, and a detailed description of the theoretical model, experimental design, and experimental results of propagator measurement. Finally, we introduce an important application example, which can serve as the experimental demonstration of the quantum principle of least action through propagator measurement. The research progress of propagator measurement reviewed in this work will provide important references for future experimental studies by using this method.

HYDRODYNAMIC-WAVE CALIBRATION OF POTENTIALS IN MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS: NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS AND COHERENCE, COLLAPSE, EXPANSION AND EXCHANGE INTERACTION OF INERTIAL DISSIPATIVE-COLLECTOR DISTURBANCES IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM MEDIA IN THE COMPLEX SPACE. SPIRAL TURBULENCE AND COHERENT STRUCTURES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TIME

The results of the hydrodynamic-wave calibration of the potentials in Maxwell’s equations and their analogs for the gravitational field, which combine Euler’s hydrodynamics, Maxwell’s electrodynamics, and d’Alembert’s wave apparatus with quantum principles, are given. The nonlinearity of the equations for the vector-potential with the velocity dimension ensures the interrelationship of different field forms and the cascade transport of energy by the disturbance spectrum. The obtained solutions of these equations for inertial dissipative-collector disturbances, which are characterized by a balance of local and convective acceleration, and also balance local dissipation (accumulation) with local metainertia. The vector-potential (wave function) of such forms includes a complex Euler exponent, the phase of which depends on the coordinates of the disturbances paired in the complex space – without distinguishing its real or imaginary half. Reasoned constancy of the phase, which ensures the coherent nature of the propagation of running field forms in complex space, as well as in topologically adequate three-dimensional time. The latter is considered in a cylindrical coordinate system that combines spiral and jet time forms. The correspondence of the components to the Laplace operator (in the spherical spatial coordinate system associated with the pair of disturbances) with respect to the near-acting centrifugal energy of repulsion and the long-range exchange energy of attraction, which collectively provide the mechanisms of collapse, expansion, and dynamic balance of the pair, has been revealed. Coherent resonant forms of motion with a three-dimensional topology of time are highlighted, which are widely represented, in particular, on the spectra of collider resonances, as well as on the spectra of technical, hydrodynamic, geophysical, and space turbulence. It is noted that such turbulence is described precisely by Maxwell’s equations in the hydrodynamic-wave calibration of potentials, and not by the Navier-Stokes equations, or by the truncated equations of magnetohydrodynamics, which completely ignore the displacement current in Maxwell’s equations. The obtained calculation results are confirmed by actual data in the systems of different levels of the organization. The main role of inertial dissipative-collector disturbances in the processes of dynamic thermoregulation of the Earth’s climate during the cyclical change of climatic optimums during ice ages has been established. In this context, criticism of the current noisy concepts of global warming, which exaggerate anthropogenic factors without taking into account the dominant natural factors, is presented. It is indicated that these factors should be considered in an expanded format of complex space and three-dimensional time without artificial constructions and self-limitations inherent, in particular, in modern standard physical models Lambda-CDM and SM.