Quantum Paradigm Research Articles

QUANTUM METAPHYSICS OF FREEDOM

The article shows that the quantum paradigm makes it possible to break the deadlock of the free will problem of Laplacian determinism, since the phase trajectory of a quantum object has ramification points. The key point in the quantum approach is the introduction into consideration of the extraphysical Self, which observes the contents of consciousness, which are a reflection of the information processes occurring in the brain. At the same time, the contents of consciousness are connected both with the actual invironment and with the world of potential capabilities of a living being. It is pointed out that this connection of consciousness with the timeless world of potential possibilities of the Universe which should be considered as the Kantian region of the transcendental and the “chessboard” within which living beings make a free choice of their actions. It is shown that the quantum approach to the problem of freedom and consciousness allows us to explain the non-algorithmic nature of human thinking.

Applications of Quantum Probability Amplitude in Decision Support Systems

Establishing various frameworks for managing uncertainties in decision-making systems have been posing many fundamental challenges to the system design engineers. Quantum paradigm has been introduced to the area of decision and control communities as a possible supporting platform in such uncertainty management. This paper presents an overview of how a quantum framework and, in particular, probability amplitude has been proposed and utilized in the literature to complement two classical probabilistic decision-making approaches. The first such framework is based in the Bayesian network, and the second is based on an element of Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory using the definition of mass function. The paper first presents a summary of these classical approaches, followed by a review of their preliminary enhancements using the quantum model framework. Particular attention was given on how the notion of probability amplitude is utilized in such extensions to the quantum-like framework. Numerical walk-through examples are combined with the presentation of each method in order to better demonstrate the extensions of the proposed frameworks. The main objective is to better define and develop a common platform in order to further explore and experiment with this alternative framework as a part of a decision support system.

A case for a quantum informed approach to health communication research

Foundational social science has dominated health communication research, especially in the mainstream of Western scholarship. Alternative ways of conceptualizing, including most if not all indigenous ways of thinking, have often been relegated to second class status, if regarded at all. For those who questioned prevailing wisdom in the past, the choice regarding theory and research seemed to be one of going in a more interpretive or critical direction and leaving “science” behind or staying within a framework they found wanting in many ways. Ironically, the work of such Communication scholars as Pearce, Dutta, and others, often born from interpretative and critical perspectives, is much more consonant with quantum framed science than social science as practiced. Indeed, much of the body of indigenous perspectives align with quantum theory informed science better than social science as practiced. As we move through the 21st century, it is time that communication theory and research, especially in health communication, moves to reclaim science in ways that shift us from a Newtonian understanding of the world to more a quantum paradigm. As we do so, we will likely find that many who have been on the margins can and should move their work to the mainstream, albeit with a process that synthesizes their work with quantum science. This would help us move forward in ways that not only invite more inclusion, but also create more meaningful ways of conceptualizing communication and its relationship to health.

Quantum planning for swarm robotics

Computational resources of quantum computing can enhance robotic motion, decision making, and path planning. While the quantum paradigm is being applied to individual robots, its approach to swarms of simple and interacting robots remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we attempt to bridge the gap between swarm robotics and quantum computing, in the framework of a search and rescue mission. We focus on a decision-making and path-planning collective task. Thus, we present a quantum-based path-planning algorithm for a swarm of robots. Quantization enters position and reward information (measured as a robot’s proximity to the target) and path-planning decisions. Pairwise information-exchange is modeled through a logic gate, implemented with a quantum circuit. Path planning draws upon Grover’s search algorithm, implemented with another quantum circuit. Our case study involves a search and rescue scenario, inspired by ant-foraging behavior in nature, as an example of swarm intelligence. We show that our method outperforms two ant-behavior simulations, in NetLogo and Java, respectively, presenting a faster convergence to the target, represented here by the source of food. This study can shed light on future applications of quantum computing to swarm robotics.

Quantum Creativity and Cognition in Humans and Robots

In this research, we present a categorical framework to connect research on creativity and cognition for humans and robots, in light of the quantum paradigm. These fields and their relationships suggest a wider vision: modeling human creativity/cognition through quantum computing, and creating robots that can help us learn more about the humans themselves. We represent the human–robot comparison through functors (function generalization). Fundamental elements to understand human creativity are motivation and feedback as aesthetic pleasure. Is it possible to model it? Can the quantum paradigm help us in such an endeavor? We envisage the concept of emergence and quantum computing as decisive keys for creativity. Investigation of robotic models, including swarms of robots, might help shed new light on human creative interactions.

Improving quantum genetic optimization through granular computing

Quantum computers promise to revolutionize the world of computing thanks to some features of quantum mechanics that can enable massive parallelism in computation. This benefit may be particularly relevant in the design of evolutionary algorithms, where the quantum paradigm could support the exploration of multiple regions of the search space in a concurrent way. Although some efforts in this research field are ongoing, the potential of quantum computing is not yet fully expressed due to the limited number of qubits of current quantum processors. This limitation is even more acute when one wants to deal with continuous optimization problems, where the search space is potentially infinite. The goal of this paper is to address this limitation by introducing a hybrid and granular approach to quantum algorithm design, specifically designed for genetic optimization. This approach is defined as hybrid, because it uses a digital computer to evaluate fitness functions, and a quantum processor to evolve the genetic population; moreover, it uses granular computing to hierarchically reduce the size of the search space of a problem, so that good near-optimal solutions can be identified even on small quantum computers. As shown in the experiments, where IBM Q family processors are used, the usage of a granular computation scheme statistically enhances the performance of the state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm implemented on quantum computers, when it is run to optimize well-known benchmark continuous functions.

Quantum K-means clustering method for detecting heart disease using quantum circuit approach.

The development of noisy intermediate- scale quantum computers is expected to signify the potential advantages of quantum computing over classical computing. This paper focuses on quantum paradigm usage to speed up unsupervised machine learning algorithms particularly the K-means clustering method. The main approach is to build a quantum circuit that performs the distance calculation required for the clustering process. This proposed technique is a collaboration of data mining techniques with quantum computation. Initially, extracted heart disease dataset is preprocessed and classical K-means clustering performance is evaluated. Later, the quantum concept is applied to the classical approach of the clustering algorithm. The comparative analysis is performed between quantum and classical processing to check performance metrics.

The Development of a Quantum-based Ontology for the Description of the Reality Experienced in NDEs by Using Computerized NLP Analytics

According to the survival hypothesis, a person's personality and consciousness survive the death of the physical body. Ontology is a well-established theoretical branch of philosophy concerned with representations of reality. This research proposes the use of computer natural language processing (NLP), databases, structured query language and near-death experiences (NDEs) narratives to develop a quantum ontology based on the quantum hologram theory of physics and consciousness. This research proposes the use of a quantum ontology to represent the incomprehensible aspects of near-death experiences. The research demonstrates how to validate ontology constructs within a quantum ontology, demonstrating the methodology's potential for the development of a consciousness model based on the quantum paradigm.

On the Logical Error Rate of Sparse Quantum Codes

The quantum paradigm presents a phenomenon known as degeneracy that can potentially improve the performance of quantum error correcting codes. However, the effects of this mechanism are sometimes ignored when evaluating the performance of sparse quantum codes and the logical error rate is not always correctly reported. In this paper, we discuss previously existing methods to compute the logical error rate and we present an efficient coset-based method inspired by classical coding strategies to estimate degenerate errors and distinguish them from logical errors. Additionally, we show that the proposed method presents a computational advantage for the family of Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes. We use this method to prove that degenerate errors are frequent in a specific family of sparse quantum codes, which stresses the importance of accurately reporting their performance. Our results also reveal that the modified decoding strategies proposed in the literature are an important tool to improve the performance of sparse quantum codes.

QUANTUM ALGORITHMS WITH CONTROLLED HODGKIN-HUXLEY NEURONS

The dynamical system corresponding to the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron contains the control parameter, for instance, the electrical current or another external signal, stimulating the action potential (outcome) in the axon. Choosing the appropriate shape of the control via speed gradient or alternative algorithms one can keep the system imitating a quantum behaviour. The controlled four-dimensional HH system, in this case, involves effects similar to the quantum phase contributions to the computational process. We provide a simple example of the HH-based computational algorithm following the quantum paradigm. The linear chain of two HH neurons emulates the results of the Deutsch – Jozsa algorithm for the searching problem. To reproduce the output effect similar to the contribution of quantum phases the neurons are controlled by one of two alternative feedback versions: target attractor or speed gradient. We invent the successful classical emulation of the Deutch-type quantum algorithm and discuss the pros and cons of both alternative feedback methods. Our approach can open a novel method for the practical realization of quantum algorithms and develop new perspectives for the computational properties of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The possible applications of the proposed algorithms are the modelling of epilepsy in the ANNs and the big data analysis.

Guest Column

Quantum computing is a prolific research area, halfway between physics and computer science [27, 29, 52]. Most likely, its origins may be dated back to 70's, when some works on quantum information began to appear (see, e.g., [34, 37]). In early 80's, R.P. Feynman suggested that the computational power of quantum mechanical processes might be beyond that of traditional computation models [25]. Almost at the same time, P. Benioff already proved that such processes are at least as powerful as Turing machines [9]. In 1985, D. Deutsch [22] proposed the notion of a quantum Turing machine as a physically realizable model for a quantum computer. From the point of view of structural complexity, E. Bernstein and U. Vazirani introduced in [20] the class BQP of problems solvable in polynomial time on quantum Turing machines, focusing attention on relations with the corresponding deterministic and probabilistic classes P and BPP, respectively. Several works in the literature explored classical issues in complexity theory from the quantum paradigm perspective (see, e.g., [7, 60, 61]).

Quantum paradigm of the foldover magnetic resonance

The explosive development of quantum magnonics requires the consideration of several previously known effects from a new angle. In particular, taking into account the quantum behavior of magnons is essential at high excitations of the magnetic system, under the conditions of the so-called phenomenon of “foldover” (bi-stable) magnetic resonance. Previously, this effect was considered in the quasi-classical macrospin approximation. However, at large angles of magnetization precession, the magnon density exceeds the critical value for the formation of a magnon Bose condensate (mBEC). Naturally, this purely quantum phenomenon does not exist in the classical approximation. In addition, mBEC leads to superfluid transfer of magnetization, which suppresses the macroinhomogeneity of the samples. The experiments presented in the article show that quantum phenomena well describes the experimental results of nonlinear magnetic resonance in yttrium iron garnet. Thus, we remove the questions that arose earlier when considering this effect without taking into account quantum phenomena. This discovery paves the way for many quantum applications of supermagnonics, such as the magnetic Josephson effect, long-range spin transport, Q-bits, quantum logic, magnetic sensors, and others.

Quantum Organizations with Islamic way forward

Firstly, this paper describes a phenomenon of transnational organization and general condition of world and ‘man in the world’. For developing a comprehensive framework, it presents authentic literature review beginning from modernity to post modernity using the hermeneutic-interpretivism research tradition to show the similarities between modernism and post modernism. By revealing the missing link in the quantum paradigm of ralph Kilmann (scholar of quantum organization) on one hand, it develops the possibility of reviving revealed knowledge back into the main frame knowledge of organization theory, on the other hand. By raising and addressing the question of how can the revealed knowledge addresses the current economic dilemma, the paper describes the three lenses available used to understand natural world, socio economic world and behavioral world in Newtonian verses quantum assumptions on organization theory along with their implications. For cross fertilization of ideas and better understanding of God, cosmos and human it presents an alternative of Islamic way forward suggested by scholarly views from East and West. To further substantiate, it presents the stunning insights from the renowned wisdom traditions (pragmatic civilizations) to highlight why religions matter to show (the levels of reality and levels of selfhood as well as relationship between Necessity being and contingent being), responding the situation of power and domination prevalent in organizing world by suggesting historical/civilizational ethical mode and adopting psycho, spiritual-pragmatic approach with holistic world view (Big picture).

SU(2/1) superchiral self-duality: a new quantum, algebraic and geometric paradigm to describe the electroweak interactions

We propose an extension of the Yang-Mills paradigm from Lie algebras to internal chiral superalgebras. We replace the Lie algebra-valued connection one-form A, by a superalgebra-valued polyform tilde{A} mixing exterior-forms of all degrees and satisfying the chiral self-duality condition tilde{A} =^{ast }{tilde{A}}_{chi } , where χ denotes the superalgebra grading operator. This superconnection contains Yang-Mills vectors valued in the even Lie subalgebra, together with scalars and self-dual tensors valued in the odd module, all coupling only to the charge parity CP-positive Fermions. The Fermion quantum loops then induce the usual Yang-Mills-scalar Lagrangian, the self-dual Avdeev-Chizhov propagator of the tensors, plus a new vector-scalar-tensor vertex and several quartic terms which match the geometric definition of the supercurvature. Applied to the SU(2/1) Lie-Kac simple superalgebra, which naturally classifies all the elementary particles, the resulting quantum field theory is anomaly-free and the interactions are governed by the super-Killing metric and by the structure constants of the superalgebra.

Лингвистика совпадений

The article maintains the general theoretical position that modern science finds itself on the verge of a new revolutionary quantum paradigm. Such a paradigmatic shift has effected changes in language scholarship too - through expanding its subject area, among other things. The paper shows that new subjects in linguistics include coincidences - pairs of events or phenomena that are close in meaning without being brought about by cause-and-effect relationships. In analytical psychology, the phenomenon is called synchronicity. The aim of the study is to solve the problem of the initial cognitive realization of the idea of coincidence in different linguistic mentalities and thereby to clarify its cognitive foundations. The onomasiological, structural-semantic and comparative analysis of words with the semantics of coincidence in the languages of different families made it possible to identify regular features that recreate a general cognitive portrait of such synchronistic thinking in Russian and, effectively, in Indo-European linguistic consciousness. It is assumed that the totality of such properties constitutes a cognitive universal. It is noteworthy that the revealed features are incompatible from the point of view of classical logic. In particular, they are as follows: “duality”, “singularity”, “causal autonomy and uncontrollability”, “belonging to a different space-time structure”. All this shows that the phenomenon conceptually defined as coincidence is deeply rooted in cognition; it carries an idea of the inner reality lying beyond the scope of human conceptual thinking. The authors sum up the results of the study in Conclusion section of the paper. In particular, it is asserted that the concept of COINCIDENCE proves extremely productive in terms of reconstructing a person’s deep-seated cognitive attitudes. Besides, coincidence is regarded as a most significant phenomenon in physical reality since it is directly related to its foundations and core principles. Finally, the revealed cognitive characteristics of the COINCIDENCE concept allow us to draw cautious conclusions regarding the proximity of the phenomenon of coincidence to the special type of reality defined as quantum reality in physics. Considering coincidences from this point of view provides a unique research perspective.

Degeneracy and Its Impact on the Decoding of Sparse Quantum Codes

The well-documented capacity-approaching performance of sparse codes in the realm of classical communications has inspired the search for their quantum counterparts. Sparse quantum codes are generally built as the amalgamation of two robust classical codes and are decoded via classical decoding algorithms. However, the quantum paradigm presents phenomena that act in a deleterious manner on sparse quantum codes when they are decoded based on classical methodologies. One such phenomenon is known as degeneracy, and it is a major contributor to why sparse quantum codes do not entirely evoke the stupendous error correcting abilities of their classical counterparts. In this paper, we adopt a group theoretical approach to discuss the issue of degeneracy as it relates to sparse quantum codes. Furthermore, we compare the decoding process of sparse quantum codes with that of sparse classical codes, illustrating the challenges that appear in the quantum domain. Finally, we provide a detailed example to illustrate the effects of degeneracy on sparse quantum codes and the challenges of designing an optimum decoder for these schemes.

TRANSITION FROM BLACKBOARD TO INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD: EXAMINING TEACHERS' INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD ACCEPTANCE AND USE

Bu araştırmanın amacı, lise fizik dersi öğretim programlarının bilgi ve bilim anlayışına yönelik fizik dersi öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, toplam 290 lise fizik dersi öğretmeni üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Betimsel nitelikte ve tarama modelindeki araştırmada, veriler, ilgili ölçekle elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler, betimsel istatistiki tekniklerden aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, katılımcı lise fizik dersi öğretmenlerinin, epistemolojik anlamda newton veya kuantum paradigmalarından birine taraf olmak yerine, her iki anlayışa da yer veren holistik orta bir yolu benimsedikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, öğretmenlerin bu epistemolojik tercihleri, bilinçli bir tercih olabileceği gibi, epistemoloji konusundaki bilgi yetersizliğine de bağlı olabilir, şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu tercihe göre katılımcı öğretmenlerin, fizik dersinde bu anlayışa paralel olarak hem nesnel ve hem de öznel bilgiye yer vermeleri beklenebilir. Araştırmada bu durum şu şekilde değerlendirilmiştir: Katılımcı fizik öğretmenlerinin öznel bilgi tecihleri mevcut öğretim programlarının doğasını dikkate almalarından; nesnel bilgi tercihleri ise yine mevcut merkezi yerleştirme sınavlarını dikkate almalarına bağlı olabilir.

Supervised Learning Using Quantum Technology

In this paper, we present classical machine learning algorithms enhanced by quantum technology to classify a data set. The data set contains binary input variables and binary output variables. The goal is to extend classical approaches such as neural networks by using quantum machine learning principles. Classical algorithms struggle as the dimensionality of the feature space increases. We examine the usage of quantum technologies to speed up these classical algorithms and to introduce the new quantum paradigm into machine diagnostic domain. Most of the prognosis models based on binary or multi-valued classification have become increasingly complex throughout the recent past. Starting with a short introduction into quantum computing, we will present an approach of combining quantum computing and classical machine learning to the reader. Further, we show different implementations of quantum classification algorithms. Finally, the algorithms presented are applied to a data set. The results of the implementations are shown and discussed in the last section.

A filosofia da Medicina de Família e Comunidade segundo Ian McWhinney e Roger Neighbour

Introdução: O presente artigo revisita os pressupostos filosóficos da Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) a partir dos escritos de Ian McWhinney e Roger Neighbour. Objetivo: Fortalecer a discussão sobre as bases teóricas da MFC na academia e nos programas de residência em MFC. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo que compara e analisa dois dos principais livros da MFC: o clássico “Manual de Medicina de Família” de Ian McWhinney e “The inner physician: why and how to practise ‘Big Picture Medicine’” de Roger Neighbour. Resultados e Discussão: Ian McWhinney e Roger Neighbour utilizam a epistemologia de Thomas Kuhn para propor um paradigma diferente à medicina. Nesse processo, os autores desenvolveram propostas distintas, porém complementares, que optamos por categorizar em: (a) paradigma organísmico de McWhinney e quântico de Neighbour; (b) distinção entre a prática generalista e a do especialista focal; e (c) relação médico-paciente e consigo mesmo. Conclusão: Para navegar nas incertezas da prática generalista é necessário fomentar e refletir a respeito da essência do MFC, tanto nos cursos de graduação quanto nos programas de residência, para formar profissionais sensíveis à condição humana.

An investigation on support vector clustering for big data in quantum paradigm

The support vector clustering algorithm is a well-known clustering algorithm based on support vector machines using Gaussian or polynomial kernels. The classical support vector clustering algorithm works well in general, but its performance degrades when applied on big data. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of support vector clustering algorithm implemented in a quantum paradigm for possible run-time improvements. We have developed and analyzed a quantum version of the support vector clustering algorithm. The proposed approach is based on the quantum support vector machine and quantum kernels (i.e., Gaussian and polynomial). The proposed quantum version of the SVM clustering method demonstrates a significant speed-up gain on the overall run-time complexity as compared to the classical counterpart.