Quantum Leap Research Articles

The Aha! moment: Is insight a different form of problem solving?

In everyday life, we mainly solve problems with a conscious solution search (non-insight). However, sometimes a perplexing problem is resolved by a quantum leap in understanding. This phenomenon is known as the Aha! experience (insight). Although insight has a distinct phenomenological and behavioral signature, its driving mechanism remains debated. Weisberg (2015) proposed an integrated theory of insight arguing that insight, like non-insight, mainly depends on conscious, cognitive operations with restructuring as a distinguishing feature of insight. However, only if those operations lead to an impasse, insight is achieved through unconscious processes. We assessed some of the premises of this theory by asking participants (N = 42) to solve 70 word puzzles (CRAT) that can either be solved with insight or non-insight. For each puzzle, participants indicated word puzzle difficulty, solution confidence, solution suddenness, and the experiences of impasse and restructuring. As expected, participants reported higher suddenness of and confidence in insight solutions than non-insightful ones. Surprisingly, we could not corroborate the otherwise consistently reported higher solution accuracy and faster solution speed for insight. Crucially, as suggested by the integrated theory of insight, impasse was not a prerequisite for insight to occur. Although restructuring, indeed, preceded insight solutions more often, it seemed a more general problem-solving skill also applied for non-insight solutions. Moreover, early on, participants reported an increased experience of problem difficulty for puzzles later solved with insight. This ability to report on the solution search of insight demonstrates that, as proposed by the theory, insight involves conscious, cognitive operations.

Personality information culture: essence and content

The article deals with the study of the essence and features of the information culture of an individual and clarification of its role in the field of legal regulation of public relations in the state. The methodology of research of the phenomenon of personal information culture is based on provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Besides, formal legal and formal logical methods were applied for full and thorough coverage of the topic of this article. It is substantiated that the development of such a culture in the modern period is mainly influenced by internal factors (including observance of the principle of legality, the rule of law, and protection of human rights), and external threats to human and civil security within the state. It is proved that information culture in the narrow sense can be interpreted as the best ways to exchange data, information and present them to interested
 © Уханова Н.С., 2021
 consumers to solve theoretical and practical problems, as well as mechanisms to improve the learning system, prepare people for effective use of information. The main elements of information culture include the following: a) communicative (communication culture); b) lexical (culture of preparing and issuing business documentation, language culture); c) intellectual (culture of research and mental activity); d) information and legal; worldview and moral. All these elements of the personal information culture are interconnected and interdependent. It is concluded that the topic of personal data protection, which has reached a new level, has become especially relevant at the present stage of development of the information society. It is argued that a promising mechanism for personal data protection in the information sphere will be the use of Blockchain technologies, which will ensure reliable synchronization and security of data, prevent them from changing as a result of external interference. It is proposed to interpret the information culture of an individual as a reflection of a set of material and intellectual values of man, which allow to effectively apply various methods of working with information, including being a participant in information relations. A promising study in the field of information culture of an individual will be the development of the structure of this category and its relationship with other legal categories of information law. A particularly important issue that will require legal regulation will be the field and technology of using artificial intelligence as a phenomenon that will not only help to make a quantum leap in medicine, science, education, but also carries great security risks.

A Quantum Leap in Microgrids Security: The Prospects of Quantum-Secure Microgrids

Communication has always played a vital role in microgrids to maintain reliable operations and achieve great benefits and will be even more critical with the increasing deployment of renewable energies, information technologies, and real-time automation and control systems. The existing classical cryptographic methods for securing microgrid communication, however, rely on mathematical assumptions, which are vulnerable to attacks from quantum computers. This article reviews the current status of developing quantum-secure microgrids, namely microgrids that are secure against attacks from quantum computers. We introduce some potential issues associated with applying existing quantum cryptography methods in the context of microgrids and provide future perspectives to make quantum security more practical in microgrids.

A quantum leap in security

One-photon and two-photon interferences have recently led researchers to develop new classes of quantum cryptographic protocols.

Severe Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis Patients: Considering Mental Health and Associated Genetic Factors.

Pain is the most distressing and disruptive feature of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) resulting in low quality of life (QOL) and disabilities. There is no single, characteristic pain pattern in patients with RAP and CP. Abdominal imaging features of CP accurately reflect morphologic features but they do not correlate with pain. Pain is the major driver of poor quality of life (QOL) and it is the constant pain, rather than intermittent pain that drives poor QOL. Furthermore, the most severe constant pain experience in CP is also a complex condition. The ability to target the etiopathogenesis of severe pain requires new methods to detect the exact pain mechanisms in an individual at cellular, tissue, system and psychiatric levels. In patients with complex and severe disease, it is likely that multiple overlapping mechanisms are simultaneously driving pain, anxiety and depression. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) shows promise in detecting alterations in central processing of pain signals and to classify patients for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. New genetic research suggests that genetic loci for severe pain in CP overlap with genetic loci for depression and other psychiatric disorders, providing additional insights and therapeutic targets for individual patients with severe CP pain. Well-designed clinical trials that integrate clinical features, QST, genetics and psychological assessments with targeted treatment and assessment of responses are required for a quantum leap forward. A better understanding of the context and mechanisms contributing to severe pain experiences in individual patients is predicted to lead to better therapies and quality of life.

Analyse, Enhance and Reiterate Risk management strategies, implemented in Information Technology Project Management, amidst COVID-19

The global perspective of human life drastically changed after the spread of COVID-19. The world reduced itself, to a digital cocoon. Education, work, commerce, shopping, industry, sales - all walks of life, transformed mostly into a digital mode. The IT (Information Technology) and ITES (IT Enabled services) saw a tremendous transformation in the operational aspects. ‘WFH (Work from Home)’ enabled the resources to work from their preferred locations. These factors increased the risk of data management and data security. The security of the network and the personal devices used to handle the sensitive and confidential data aggregated the risk factors in project management. The significant challenges faced by the IT sector project management were (1)Global Travel restrictions (2) Forecast of Global Recession in near future and resultant minimization of budget allocated to new projects (3)Negative growth Impact from multiple domains, resulting in reduction of new projects and reducing the scope for existing ones (4)Initial adaptation glitches due to the quantum leap in the digital channels (5)Manage constant fluctuating attitudes and anxieties of employees on personal aspects, job security, drastic change in work environment(6) Unprecedented and unpredictable exorbitant influence of macro environment in the routine enterprise activities. The chances of non-availability of critical resource due to health issues, the network issues faced in the remote locations, the unpredictable exposure of data - all these were contributing elements that increased the risk management complexity. In future, many IT companies have decided to operate mainly in the WFH mode as the operational expenses are drastically reduced. The implementation of efficient and effective risk management strategies become crucial considering the long-term implementation of ‘not from office’ operating model. The trust of the multinational clients, commitment of meeting the deadlines, maintaining the confidentiality and sensitivity of data, protecting the unintended intrusion from the digital malicious practices - all are the additional significant risks and challenges, as the probability for the occurrence of these events have increased exponentially due to the latest work arrangements. This paper attempts to evaluate the current risk mitigation strategies and analyse the gaps in the current system. The aim is to effectively manage the upcoming threats and risks in the long-term implementation of the current working (WFH) scenarios. The overall objective of the paper is to (1) analyse the present-day risks (2) evaluate the contemporary ideas that could be modified into solid framework for better risk mitigation strategies in long-term (3) what to anticipate in the future risk analysis and management processes related to IT Project Management.

Pediatric flexible airway endoscopy training during a pandemic and beyond: Bending the curve.

Flexible airway endoscopy, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, is a vital aspect of pediatric pulmonology practice, and has become an integral aspect of formal training in pediatric pulmonology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Significant Organic Transformations Using Catalysts in Water: A Greener Way to Combat Environmental Hazards

The environmental pollution and hazards have become the prime topic of concern in the twenty-first-century world and a warning to existing mankind. The researchers and chemists are also putting their way forward to combat the alarming situation across the world. In this context, reactions that are being carried out in water have attracted attention from the past decade. The conventional organic synthesis relies profoundly on organic solvents for a huge number of reactions, mainly for dissolving the compounds and assisting chemical reactions, because a number of reagents and catalysts are either unsuited or immiscible in water. In spite of the constraints, substantial efforts have been dedicated to overcome the problems because water not only reduces the environmental hazards of organic synthesis but also may benefit chemical reactions by delivering unforeseen selectivities and reactivities. The development of water-compatible/water-stable catalysts has emerged as a troubleshooter, eliciting a quantum leap in organic synthesis in water. Use of water has simplified the workup procedure too, as organic compounds are typically insoluble in water, extraction with suitable organic solvents can separate the compounds from catalysts, and the catalysts can also be separated and reused by centrifugation and filtration. This review deals with advances in catalytic methods under aqueous medium over the past few years.

Каузальный диссонанс как основа «новой реальности» (о механизмах постпандемической социальной регуляции)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the regulation of social processes in Extreme conditions — the change of cause-andeffect relationships as a causal dissonance. Causal misalignments are a natural and necessary process of preparation for a quantum leap in the development of our reality: manifesting themselves critically in psychophysiological dysontogenies and generating socio-psychological polarization of society, they lead to the formation of an unbalanced social environment with a difference in levels of complexity. So far, this causal environment is used for post-pandemic social regulation to attempt to preserve the existing world order through the formation of a «new reality». But under the same conditions, new social actors are being formed that can make a conscious choice between the old and the new world, between the old zoopopulation methods of regulation and the new ones-psychosocial ones. In order to ensure the quantum transition to the future, it is necessary to provide state support to the subjects of the new society in the format of education, upbringing and appropriate scientific support, as well as to ensure vertical institutional regulation.

Quantum leaps or baby steps? Expertise distance, construal level, and the propensity to invest in novel technological ideas

AbstractResearch summaryDeliberate cognition is an important mechanism for overcoming inertia. Yet, the precise nature of cognition that propels decision‐makers to endorse novelty is not well understood. We propose that expertise distance is a fundamental force shaping decision‐makers' willingness to invest in novelty. We further suggest that the level of mental construal through which information is processed moderates the effect of expertise distance on investment propensity, principally by changing decision‐makers' perceptions of an idea's novelty and usefulness. We test our theory in two studies. Study 1 is a field study of 120 decision‐makers considering a novel technological idea—quantum key distribution. Study 2 is an experiment that conceptually replicates our first study. Our findings contribute to the debate on strategic cognition and the microfoundations of strategic adaptation.Managerial summaryWhile the pursuit of novel technological ideas is the driving force of sustained competitive advantage, managers often reject novel ideas in favor of more familiar ones. How then can managers who are out of their depth with a novel technology make sense of it without rejecting it outright? Some suggest that managers should mentally extrapolate from prior experiences with similar ideas. Yet, such extrapolation is impossible when ideas are truly novel and no previous experience with related ideas can be called upon. We resolve this issue by showing that the level at which managers who are unfamiliar with a novel technological idea mentally process it (abstract versus concrete) influences their perceptions of the idea's novelty and usefulness, which, in turn, influences their propensity to invest.

Challenges and concerns for development of nuclear thermal-hydraulics

Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics (NTH), following a flourishing growth until the end of the last century entered a phase of slow advancement (this statement does not apply to each sector of NTH). In the area of applications to nuclear reactor design and safety an emblem for this situation is exhibited by system computer codes: their new development began a quarter of a century ago and current predictive capabilities are not better than those available before. Turbulence modeling and averaging techniques, as an example for two-phase flows, are among the key aspects which need improvement since decades; otherwise, attention of decision makers and researchers is oriented towards fashion topics or even research objectives which can be accomplished within an assigned framework of resources (time and budget). A synthesis of today status is provided in the paper after attempting to address the question ‘what is nuclear thermal hydraulics?’ Perspective directions to be pursued are recommended, e.g. the water-fall or the turbulent energy cascade experiment, although it is recognized that quantum leap in modeling (unfortunately not obtainable from present authors) are needed to exit the stagnation.

Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management.

The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally‐administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically‐administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side‐effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle‐containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug‐release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly‐developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.

Introduction to the Guest Editor.

I want to thank my colleague Dr. Reece for serving as guest editor for this issue of Seminars in Plastic Surgery on Spino-Plastic Reconstruction. Rarely in Plastic Surgery do we see the dawn of a new subspecialty with value creation that represents a quantum leap in the procedures that impact our patients, colleagues, and fundamental philosophies and edicts. This is exactly what Dr. Reece presents to our specialty in this exciting issue. The work brings together leaders in neurosurgery, orthopaedics, and plastic surgery and is sentinel in its outreach and influence on complex spinal procedures. Spinoplastic reconstruction will certainly shape future surgical development where vascularized bone grafts can change our approach to complex problems, while safely and efficiently treating our patients. Perhaps most astounding is the expansion of the reconstructive ladder in terms of our concept of bone grafting with living tissue supplied by Sharpey's fibers blood vessels opening the way to applying this conception to other areas of the body. We also appreciate the efforts made by each outstanding author for contributing to this landmark issue.

On Soft Closure Function in Soft Ideal Spaces

As a result of evolution in science by researchers and scientists led to quantum leaps in several different fields of science, including medicine, engineering, and chemistry, physics and other Humanities and social as this evolution based on evolution in various branches of mathematics which is the infrastructure to develop the rest of science. Where dentition of (Soft Set) came to solve many problems facing humans. This is because of researcher Molodtsov in 1999 [1]. Where the definition of soft sets was based universal set, Ex represent the all parameters of X, also the function from Ex to P(X). The motivation behind this paper is to present the thought of soft ideal in soft set theory. The idea of soft closure is likewise presented. These ideas are talked about with a view to discover unprecedented soft topologies from the first one The fundamental structure, particularly a reason for such produced soft topologies likewise considered here. At long last, the idea of soft closure compatibility with soft topologies is presented and some proportional conditions. As well as the concept of soft Ψ Γ -Operator and study of the most significant properties.

The next quantum leap forward? Bimekizumab for psoriasis

Biologics have revolutionised the management of psoriasis.1 Initially, there were two biologics: alefacept, which worked well but for only a few patients; and efalizumab, which was associated with rare, life-threatening infections.1 But then came etanercept, a treatment that took patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and improved their skin, their joints, and their quality of life.2 Now, etanercept is rarely prescribed, as adalimumab and ustekinumab were approved and were considerably more effective and, at least in the case of ustekinumab, perhaps even safer.

English

An outbreak of a respiratory disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) – like manifestations emerged in late December 2019 in the Wuhan city of China. The causative agent of this disease was later identified to be a novel Coronavirus. Subsequently, the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organisation and later declared as a pandemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 came with many misinformation and misconceptions about viruses and the COVID-19 disease. Questions have been asked by non - virologists and the general public about what viruses are. Some wondered if viruses are living organisms or not. While some asked how big viruses are or if all viruses and the COVID-19 virus is artificially created. Yet others attributed the outbreak to the new quantum leap in the electromagnet field; the latest 5G technology. There are also concerns raised about the new virus being a bioweapon or an act of biowarfare. These numerous questions needed to be clarified concisely with available scientific knowledge. Thus, this review is providing answers to the 10 frequently asked questions aimed at informing the non - virologist in the academic field and beyond.   Key words: Virus size, virus origin, giant viruses, synthetic viruses, SARS-Cov-2, bioweapon.

Computational challenges for value-at-risk and expected shortfall: Chebyshev interpolation to the rescue

Computational challenges associated with calculating risk measures are inherent to many applications in financial institutions. An example is the need to revalue portfolios of trading positions hundreds or thousands of times to determine the future distribution of their present values and risk measures such as value-at-risk and expected shortfall. This paper reports on an exploratory study in which recently popularised 'smart grids' based on Chebyshev interpolation are compared to standard (uniform) grids as well as Taylor expansion when applied to this task. While generally outperforming other methods and despite their advantageous properties, Chebyshev grids are still subject to drawbacks such as difficult error control and the curse of dimensionality. They cannot yet be seen as a quantum leap in the calculation of risk measures. Ongoing research focussing on sparse grids and their approximation quality, however, is promising.

Tehnološki trendovi razvoja visokog obrazovanja

The beginning of the 21st century marked an evolutionary "leap" in Internet technology - the transition from static web pages whose content was determined solely by their creator to dynamic, interactive user-created web pages and the emergence and proliferation of social networks as a special and multi-purpose cyber info-sphere. In such a new and dynamic environment, naturally the need for new ways of functioning of public relations has emerged, finding new approaches and methods that would successfully fit into the new digital environment and take advantage of all the newly created potential. This next evolutive stage of the Internet - Web 2.0 brought interactive access web-pages, blogs, social networks/media, targeted advertising and pod-casts have become new and vital fields of contemporary PR. The new interactive technologies have enabled not only more accurate identification of target groups but also direct access to the collection of unimaginable quantity and quality of data that describes not only groups but individuals as well. This quantum leap in knowledge of target audiences made possible more precise "tailoring" of messages for each of them, thus dramatically increasing the effectiveness of these messages. This paper will analyze the principles, functions and possibilities of modern digital public relations, the methods and tools for it`s application as well as practical examples.

Sensing breakthrough enables large size, optically superior, lower-cost PEDOT sensors

SigmaSense (Austin, Texas) and Heraeus (Hanau, Germany) together create a quantum leap forward in PEDOT sensor size, while providing more performance and functionality

Recommendations for Preclinical Renal MRI: A Comprehensive Open-Access Protocol Collection to Improve Training, Reproducibility, and Comparability of Studies.

Renal MRI holds incredible promise for making a quantum leap in improving diagnosis and care of patients with a multitude of diseases, by moving beyond the limitations and restrictions of current routine clinical practice. Clinical and preclinical renal MRI is advancing with ever increasing rapidity, and yet, aside from a few examples of renal MRI in routine use, it is still not good enough. Several roadblocks are still delaying the pace of progress, particularly inefficient education of renal MR researchers, and lack of harmonization of approaches that limits the sharing of results among multiple research groups.Here we aim to address these limitations for preclinical renal MRI (predominantly in small animals), by providing a comprehensive collection of more than 40 publications that will serve as a foundational resource for preclinical renal MRI studies. This includes chapters describing the fundamental principles underlying a variety of renal MRI methods, step-by-step protocols for executing renal MRI studies, and detailed guides for data analysis. This collection will serve as a crucial part of a roadmap toward conducting renal MRI studies in a robust and reproducible way, that will promote the standardization and sharing of data.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.