Quantum Electron Plasma Research Articles

Quantum Effects of P-wave Absorption by Metallic Films

An influence of the kinetic and quantum wave properties of the degenerate electron plasma on the P-wave absorption in the metallic films is studied numerically. One has investigated the films having the width of order of the skin depth when the frequencies of radiation are not larger than the plasma frequency. It is found that in case of ordinary electron relaxation time, the power absorptance coefficient of the quantum electron plasma differs from the absorptances of both the classical electron plasma and the classical electron gas. However in case of the large relaxation times, one observes a coincidence of the quantum and the classical absorptances when the frequencies are much smaller than the plasma frequency, and the difference of the absorptances at the frequencies of order of the plasma frequency.

Parallel propagating electromagnetic waves in magnetized quantum electron plasmas with finite temperature.

We studied parallel propagating electromagnetic waves in a magnetized quantum electron plasma of finite temperature, as an extension of our previous study on a zero temperature plasma. We obtained simple analytic dispersion relations in the long wavelength limit that included the thermal effect as correction terms to the zero temperature results. As in the zero temperature case, the lower branch of the R wave showed significant damping and became ill-defined at short wavelengths. Quantum effects seemed to give qualitative changes, such as the appearance of anomalous dispersion regions, to the classical dispersion relations when v_{F}/v_{th}≤0.2 for a set of exemplary parameters of v_{F}=0.1c and ω_{ce}/ω_{pe}=0.05 was used. We also noted that introduction of the Planck constant in the quantum Vlasov equation changed the shape of the anomalous dispersion region qualitatively, by forming a normal dispersion region in the middle of the original single broad anomalous dispersion region.

An Interference of P-waves from Weakly Conducting and Transparent Dielectric Films

An influence of kinetic and quantum properties of non-degenerate electron plasma on the interference of P-waves from films of the similar thickness made of weakly conducting substance and of transparent dielectric one, is investigated numerically. The reflection and transmission coefficients of interfering P-waves as well as their phase differences are studied. It is found that for the frequencies of the order of plasma frequency in case of small film thicknesses, the results for quantum non-degenerate electron plasma differ from the ones for classical non-degenerate electron plasma and for classical electron gas. Here one observes a temperature dependence of the values in the cases of quantum and classical non-degenerate electron plasma.

A coupled pseudoforce model for quantum plasmon excitations

A coupled nonlinear pseudoforce system is derived from hydrodynamic equations for the nonlinear electron plasma oscillations in an electron-ion plasma with arbitrarily degenerate electron fluid in a background fixed ion potential. The dynamics of the fully nonlinear electron plasma excitations are studied using this generalized coupled pseudoforce model including the damping and driving pseudoforce elements. The fully nonlinear plasma oscillations are shown to be of quite different nature in the extreme classical and quantum limits. In particular, high frequency quantum oscillations due to electron tunneling effect modulates the ordinary large amplitude low frequency periodic Langmuir excitations in the quantum plasma regime. It is shown that such characteristic quantum oscillations appear due to the electron wavefunction overlap which also appear on the quantum shock wave structures. It is found that the stimulation of dense plasmas with the driving frequency matching that of characteristic quantum oscillations leads to the chaotic behavior of the electron fluid. The presented coupled pseudoforce theory can be used to investigate a large number of interesting nonlinear phenomena such as the quantum electron fluid chaos and turbulence, autoresonance phenomenon, quantum harmonic generation, nonlinear resonances, and bistability of quantum electron plasma oscillations.

Energy behaviour of extraordinary waves in magnetized quantum plasmas

We study the storage and flow of energy in a homogeneous magnetized quantum electron plasma that occurs when an elliptically polarized extraordinary electromagnetic wave propagates in the system. Expressions for the stored energy, energy flow, and energy velocity of extraordinary electromagnetic waves are derived by means of the quantum magnetohydrodynamics theory in conjunction with the Maxwell equations. Numerical results show that the energy flow of the high-frequency mode of extraordinary wave is modified only due to the Bohm potential in the short wavelength limit.

Quantum electron plasma, visible and ultraviolet P-wave and thin metallic film

The interaction of the visible and ultraviolet electromagnetic P-wave with the thin flat metallic film localized between two dielectric media is studied numerically in the framework of the quantum degenerate electron plasma approach. The reflectance, transmittance and absorptance power coefficients are chosen for investigation. It is shown that for the frequencies in the visible and ultraviolet ranges, the quantum power coefficients differ from the ones evaluated in framework of both the classical spatial dispersion and the Drude–Lorentz approaches.

Landau damping of electrostatic waves in arbitrarily degenerate quantum plasmas

We carry out a systematic study of the dispersion relation for linear electrostatic waves in an arbitrarily degenerate quantum electron plasma. We solve for the complex frequency spectrum for arbitrary values of wavenumber k and level of degeneracy μ. Our finding is that for large k and high μ the real part of the frequency ωr grows linearly with k and scales with μ, only because of the scaling of the Fermi energy. In this regime, the relative Landau damping rate γ/ωr becomes independent of k and varies inversely with μ. Thus, damping is weak but finite at moderate levels of degeneracy for short wavelengths.

Propagation of TM-surface waves on semi-bounded quantum plasma through porous medium

The propagation of surface waves on a semi-bounded quantum plasma through a porous medium is investigated. The quantum hydrodynamic equations and Maxwell’s equations are linearized and used with the boundary conditions to derive the dispersion relation for the surface wave on a quantum electron plasma half-space. For the electrostatic limit [speed of light tends to infinity (c → ∞)], the dispersion relation is analytically studied. The results show that the quantum effects that is characterized by coupling (plasmonic) parameter, porosity and viscosity enhance the propagation velocity of these waves, while the medium permeability slows down the propagation velocity of these waves.

Coupled Langmuir oscillations in 2-dimensional quantum plasmas

In this work, we present a hydrodynamic model to study the coupled quantum electron plasma oscillations (QEPO) for two dimensional (2D) degenerate plasmas, which incorporates all the essential quantum ingredients such as the statistical degeneracy pressure, electron-exchange, and electron quantum diffraction effect. Effects of diverse physical aspects like the electronic band-dispersion effect, the electron exchange-correlations and the quantum Bohm-potential as well as other important plasma parameters such as the coupling parameter (plasma separation) and the plasma electron number-densities on the linear response of the coupled system are investigated. By studying three different 2D plasma coupling types, namely, graphene-graphene, graphene-metalfilm, and metalfilm-metalfilm coupling configurations, it is remarked that the collective quantum effects can influence the coupled modes quite differently, depending on the type of the plasma configuration. It is also found that the slow and fast QEPO frequency modes respond very differently to the change in plasma parameters. Current findings can help in understanding of the coupled density oscillations in multilayer graphene, graphene-based heterojunctions, or nanofabricated integrated circuits.

Instability and dynamics of two nonlinearly coupled intense laser beams in a quantum plasma

We consider nonlinear interactions between two relativistically strong laser beams and a quantum plasma composed of degenerate electron fluids and immobile ions. The collective behavior of degenerate electrons is modeled by quantum hydrodynamic equations composed of the electron continuity, quantum electron momentum (QEM) equation, as well as the Poisson and Maxwell equations. The QEM equation accounts the quantum statistical electron pressure, the quantum electron recoil due to electron tunneling through the quantum Bohm potential, electron-exchange, and electron-correlation effects caused by electron spin, and relativistic ponderomotive forces (RPFs) of two circularly polarized electromagnetic (CPEM) beams. The dynamics of the latter are governed by nonlinear wave equations that include nonlinear currents arising from the relativistic electron mass increase in the CPEM wave fields, as well as from the beating of the electron quiver velocity and electron density variations reinforced by the RPFs of the two CPEM waves. Furthermore, nonlinear electron density variations associated with the driven (by the RPFs) quantum electron plasma oscillations obey a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger and Poisson equations. The nonlinearly coupled equations for our purposes are then used to obtain a general dispersion relation (GDR) for studying the parametric instabilities and the localization of CPEM wave packets in a quantum plasma. Numerical analyses of the GDR reveal that the growth rate of a fastest growing parametrically unstable mode is in agreement with the result that has been deduced from numerical simulations of the governing nonlinear equations. Explicit numerical results for two-dimensional (2D) localized CPEM wave packets at nanoscales are also presented. Possible applications of our investigation to intense laser-solid density compressed plasma experiments are highlighted.

Dynamics of Paired-Solitons in Quantum Electron Plasmas

We show the existence of new localized nonlinear structures for the electrostatic potential and the electron density in the form of bright and W-shaped solitons in quantum electron plasmas, respectively, which is modelled by the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson equations. The robustness and the conservation of the energy of the solitons are demonstrated by numerical simulations. The sensitivity of the coupling constant on the stability of the paired solitons in the quantum electron plasmas are investigated.

Spin effects on the instability and propagation modes of electrostatic plasma waves in quantum plasmas

The effects of the electron spin interaction on the pure instability and propagation modes of the quantum electrostatic waves are investigated in cold quantum electron plasmas. It is found that the influence of the electron spin interaction increases the group velocity of the propagation mode of the quantum electrostatic wave. In addition, it is shown that the electron spin interaction enhances the growth rate of the instability mode of the quantum electrostatic wave. It is also found that the effects of the electron spin interaction would be more important in the domain of small Fermi wave numbers.

Nonlinear interaction of quantum electron plasma waves with quantum electron acoustic waves in plasmas

An analysis of the interaction between modes involving two species with different pressures in the presence of a static-neutralizing ion background is presented using a quantum hydrodynamic model. It is shown that quantum electron plasma waves can nonlinearly interact with quantum electron acoustic waves in a time scale much longer than electron plasma oscillation response time. A set of coupled nonlinear differential equations is obtained that is similar to the Zakharov equations but includes quantum correction terms. These equations are solved in a moving frame, showing that solitary-wave-like solutions may also be possible in quantum Zakharov equations. It is also shown that quantum effects can reduce the growth rate of the usual caviton instability. Possible applications of the theory are also outlined.

Recent developments in quantum plasma physics

We present a review of recent developments in nonlinear quantum plasma physics involving quantum hydrodynamics and effective nonlinear Schrödinger equation formalisms, for describing collective phenomena in dense quantum plasmas with degenerate electrons. As examples, we discuss simulation studies of the formation and dynamics of dark solitons and quantum vortices, and of nonlinear interactions between intense circularly polarized electromagnetic (CPEM) waves and electron plasma oscillations (EPOs) in dense quantum-electron plasmas with immobile ions. The electron dynamics of dark solitons and quantum vortices is governed by a pair of equations comprising the nonlinear Schrödinger and Poisson system of equations. Both dark solitons and singly charged electron vortices are robust, and the latter tend to form pairs of oppositely charged vortices. The two-dimensional quantum-electron vortex pairs survive during collisions under the change of partners. The dynamics of the CPEM waves is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is nonlinearly coupled with the Schrödinger equation of the EPOs via the relativistic ponderomotive force, the relativistic electron mass increase in the CPEM field, and the electron density fluctuations. The present governing equations in one-spatial dimension admit stationary solutions in the form of dark solitons. The nonlinear equations also depict trapping of localized CPEM wave envelopes in the electron density holes that are associated with a positive potential profile.

Domain wall solitons in quantum electron plasmas

We show the existence of new stationary solutions in the form of domain wall soliton in the nonlinear Schrödinger–Poisson equations describing the dynamics of quantum electron plasmas. It is found that the domain wall soliton exists at strong coupling constant regime and shows a different dynamical behavior in comparison with the previously found dark and gray solitons. The robustness and the conservation of the energy of the domain wall solitons is demonstrated by numerical simulations.

Propagation of TE-Surface Waves on Semi-Bounded Quantum Plasma

The propagation of the TE-surface waves on a semibounded quantum plasma is investigated by using the system of generalized quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model and Maxwell's equations. The dispersion relations for these surface waves on quantum electron plasma in the presence of external magnetic field which is parallel to the wave propagation are derived. The perturbation of electron density and the electric fields of the TE-surface waves are also obtained. However, it was found that quantum effects (Bohm potential and statistical) have no remarkable action on the electric and magnetic field components in the case of unmagnetized plasma. But, it was found that the dispersion relation of surface modes depends significantly on these effects in the case of electrostatic or unmagnetized plasma.

TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF VORTEX LINES OF QUANTUM ELECTRON PLASMAS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

The topological properties of quantum electron plasmas in three-dimensional space are presented. Starting from ϕ-mapping topological current theory, the vortex lines are just at the core of wave function obtained. It is shown that the vorticity of the vortex can be expressed by the Hopf index and the Brouwer degree. We find that the vortex lines are unstable in some conditions and the evolution of vortex lines at the bifurcation points is given.

Nonlinear Aspects of Quantum Plasma Physics: Nanoplasmonics and Nanostructures in Dense Plasmas

We present a short review of recent developments in nonlinear quantum plasma physics, including quantum hydrodynamic and effective nonlinear shrödinger equation formalisms, for describing collective phenomena in quantum plasmas. As examples we discuss simulation studies of the formation and dynamics of dark solitons and vortices, and of nonlinear interactions between intense circularly polarized electromagnetic (CPEM) waves and electron plasma oscillations (EPOs) in dense in quantum electron plasmas. The electron dynamics of dark solitons and vortices is governed by a pair of equations comprising the nonlinear Schrödinger and Poisson equations. Both dark solitons and singly charged electron vortices are robust, and the latter tend to form pairs of oppositely charged vortices. The two-dimensional quantum electron vortex pairs survive during collisions under the change of partners. The dynamics of the CPEM waves is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is nonlinearly coupled with the Schrödinger equation of the EPOs via the relativistic ponderomotive force, the relativistic electron mass increase in the CPEM field, and the electron density fluctuations. The present governing equations in one spatial dimension admit stationary solutions in the form dark envelope solitons. The nonlinear equations admit the modulational instability of an intense CPEM pump wave against EPOs, leading to the formation and trapping of localized CPEM wave envelopes in the electron density holes that are associated with positive potential profiles.

Surface waves on a quantum plasma half-space

Surface modes are coupled electromagnetic/electrostatic excitations of free electrons near the vacuum-plasma interface and can be excited on a sufficiently dense plasma half-space. They propagate along the surface plane and decay in either sides of the boundary. In such dense plasma models, which are of interest in electronic signal transmission or in some astrophysical applications, the dynamics of the electrons is certainly affected by the quantum effects. Thus, the dispersion relation for the surface wave on a quantum electron plasma half-space is derived by employing the quantum hydrodynamical (QHD) and Maxwell–Poisson equations. The QHD include quantum forces involving the Fermi electron temperature and the quantum Bohm potential. It is found that, at room temperature, the quantum effects are mainly relevant for the electrostatic surface plasma waves in a dense gold metallic plasma.

Fluid Turbulence in Quantum Plasmas

Nonlinear fluid simulations are developed by us to investigate the properties of fully developed two-dimensional (2D) electron fluid turbulence in a very dense Fermi (quantum) plasma. We find that a 2D quantum electron plasma exhibits dual cascades, in which the electron number density cascades towards smaller turbulent scales, while the electrostatic potential forms larger scale eddies. The characteristic turbulent spectrum associated with the nonlinear electron plasma oscillations (EPO) is determined critically by a ratio of the energy density of the EPOs and the electron kinetic energy density of quantum plasmas. The turbulent transport corresponding to the large-scale potential distribution is predominant in comparison with the small-scale electron number density variation, a result that is consistent with the classical diffusion theory.