Amount Of Acetone Research Articles

Electro-oxidation of propylene by palladium functionalized titanium hollow fibre electrodes

The performance of Pd functionalized titanium hollow fibre electrodes (Pd@Ti-HFEs) in the electro-oxidation of propylene was investigated at pH 1 and pH 4 and at applied potentials ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 V vs RHE. Larger quantities of products were obtained at pH 1 in comparison to pH 4, mainly due to extensive dissolution of Pd to Pd2+ in the range of 0.9–1.1 V, initiating a homogeneous chemical reaction of propylene and water to form acetone and Pd nanoparticles. At the lower end of the applied potentials (0.7–0.9 V), allyl alcohol and acrolein are formed, likely heterogeneously by the Pd surface. At the most oxidative potential investigated (1.2 V), acetone production decreases, while propylene glycol and CO2 emerge as reaction products. PdO2 likely forms at these potentials, limiting dissolution and inducing the shift in product selectivity. At pH 4, allyl alcohol and acrolein were detected in the electrolyte up to 1.1 V, while quantities of acetone were significantly smaller than observed at pH 1 at this potential. SEM images show extensive dissolution of Pd does not occur at pH 4, and formation of PdO is favored, as confirmed by post-analysis by XPS. At 1.2 V, quantities of propylene glycol again increase. Varying the flow rate of propylene through the HFE did not affect the product distribution, indicating that mass transfer limitations are likely absent. By taking results of cyclic voltammetry, and SEM and XPS of used electrodes into consideration, we provide an illustration of the correlation between electrode morphology and composition, and the product selectivity.

Correction: Reactivity and relative reaction rates of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone coexisting with large quantities of acetone on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-impregnated filters

Correction for ‘Reactivity and relative reaction rates of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone coexisting with large quantities of acetone on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-impregnated filters’ by Naoko Inoue et al., Anal. Methods, 2019, 11, 2785–2789.

Effects of epoxy resin liquidity on the mechanical properties of aluminum foam sandwich

Adhesion strength plays an important role in the mechanical properties of glued aluminum foam sandwich (AFS). This study aims to understand the effect of epoxy resin liquidity on the three-point bending performance of AFS. The liquidity of epoxy resin was improved by adding alcohol or acetone diluents. The adhesion strength of seven groups of epoxy resin added with different quantities of alcohol or acetone were tested through single-lap shear test and the mechanical properties of AFS glued by the seven adhesives were investigated through three-point bending test by using WDW-T100 electronic universal tensile testing machine. Results indicated that the liquidity influenced the properties of epoxy resin significantly and then affected the mechanical properties of glued AFS. The adhesion strength went down with the improvement of epoxy resin liquidity in general but when certain quantity of acetone was added into the epoxy resin, its plasticity improved and then the deformation mechanism of AFS changed, especially when 15% of acetone was added into the epoxy resin the energy absorption value of AFS improved by over 100%. This work can not only improve the comprehensive properties of AFS but may make it possible for AFS to be produced by machine because of the improvement of the epoxy resin liquidity.

Exploring the Potential of C. Pasteurianum to Produce Biofuels from Waste Products

Biofuels which can be produced by microorganisms from agricultural waste products will provide a renewable and non controversial source of energy for the future. The saccharolytic Clostridium sp. can ferment a wide range of sugars to produce organic acids and solvents. They are also anaerobic and in some cases thermophilic which is advantageous for large-scale industrial processes. C.pasteurianum shows potentially high solvent and hydrogen gas production capacity. The fermentation end products of C.pasteurianum, when grown in media of high sugar content, included significant quantities of acetone, butanol and ethanol, acetate, butyrate, CO2 and H2. The aim of this research was to investigate maltose uptake and metabolism in Clostridium pasteurianum NCIB 9486, to increase understanding of its starch utilisation. The organism was grown in different substrates and assayed for induction of glucosidase activities. Results confirmed that enzyme synthesis is induced by substrates.MaltaseandpNPGasewere found largely in soluble form (89.5% and 86.6% respectively) proving that maltase is produced intracellularly and hydrolysis of maltose takes place in the cytpoplasm. Fractionationof the soluble extract ofmaltose growncells yielded two maltase enzymes, maltase I (120-150 KDa) and maltase II (60 KDa). Further characterisation of maltase II showed high substrate specificity for maltose and its analogues, and sucrose. Maltase II exhibited similar rates of hydrolysis of maltose andmaltotriose: values for Km of 0.8 and 0.7 mmol l-1;Vmax of 3.3 and 4.2 nmol min-1, respectively. There is indication of specific activity of maltase II in cleaving the -1,4 (maltose) and -1,6-(isomaltose) linkages, but not -linkages (cellobiose). PEP-dependent phosphorylation of maltose was demonstrated suggesting the presence of a PEP-dependent PTS for maltose transport. This species has potential for use in biofuel production and a better understanding of its carbohydrate metabolism will facilitate its exploitation.

ChemInform Abstract: Propene Metathesis Over Silica-Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalyst- Catalyst Induction Mechanism.

Abstract The propene metathesis reaction was studied from the point of view of elucidating the mechanism of catalyst induction and establishing conditions for maximum activity. Instrumental techniques such as ESR, IR, and TPD were used to study the various aspects. During catalyst induction, trace quantities of acetone and acetaldehyde were detected in the product stream, indicating that lattice oxygen from tungsten oxide might be responsible for these products. Induction appeared to proceed via two steps since pretreatment of the catalyst with nitrogen and hydrogen yielded a decreased amount of acetone in the latter case whereas acetaldehyde remained unaffected. ESR studies indicated some interaction between tungsten oxide and silica at the catalyst preparatory stage as well as stabilisation of reduced tungsta species on the catalyst after its use and regeneration. Catalyst activity appeared to depend on conditions of pretreatment. Change in nitrogen pretreatment temperature from 500 to 600°C resulted in transition from strong to negligible external mass transfer behaviour of the catalyst. TPD studies in this context showed possible loss of lattice oxygen from tungsten oxide under the above-mentioned conditions of catalyst pretreatment. ESR studies indicated the reduction of W03 to a nonstoichiometric oxidation state. Hence catalytic activity appears to be related to the nonstoichiometric state of tungsten oxide, which may be WO 2.9 (as deduced from the blue-violet colour of the used catalyst).

Dielectric Study of Homogeneity in Some Binary Liquids in Their Supercooled State

In this work, we report a dielectric study of some binary mixtures in their supercooled region over a frequency range of 106 to 10−3 Hz. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements have been made above 100K. The samples studied here are DL-lactic acid (88% in aqueous solution), binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetic acid, of propylene glycol and cyclohexanol, and of 4-methyl-3-heptanol and tritolyl phosphate. The frequency dispersion of the relaxation spectra and the temperature dependence of the relaxation process have been critically examined for heterogeneity. The mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetic acid reveal a 1:1 complex formation. Some evidence of heterogeneity was found only in mixtures of 4-methyl-3-heptanol and tritolyl phosphate. For comparison, we have also studied liquid mixtures of isopropylbenzene with small quantities of acetone or fluorobenzene. These mixtures showed no signs of heterogeneity, although the relaxation spectra are broader than the spectrum of pure isopropylbenzene.

Microencapsulation of apomorphine HCI with gelatin

Microspheres of apomorphine HCI were prepared, with gelatin as polymer coating material, using the emulsification solvent extraction method. The microencapsulation efficiency, particle size and release profile were compared to those of riboflavin sodium phosphate (RSPh). An efficiency of approximately 95% was obtained with RSPh while the quantity of acetone and ether used as preparative solvents resulted in low microencapsulation efficiency for apomorphine HCI. A reduction of the volumes of these solvents improved the efficiency by a factor of more than two but the mean particle size range became slightly higher due to agglomeration as compared to the mean particle size when more solvent was used. A faster release rate was found for RSPh than for apomorphine HCI, according their water solubilities. Crosslinking of gelatin-RSPh microspheres with formaldehyde and glutharaldehyde (10 and 20% v/v for 1, 6, and 24 h) did not extend the duration of release of RSPh and reduced the quantity of drug microencapsulated.

Probleme der spektrophotometrischen Chlorophyllbestimmung

AbstractFor the determination of the contents of chlorophyll a and phaeopigment a in sediment samples the method according to LORENZEN with its principle and the error sources is discussed in detail. The acidification required for the determination of the phaeopigments should be carried out on a final concentration of 0.006 mol/l acid. As an extracting agent, such a quantity of acetone has to be added to the sediment sample that a final concentration of 90 % acetone will be obtained with the interstitial water being taken into account. By an extraction done twice 90 % of pigments are extracted. Methanol as an extracting agents is unsuitable for several reasons mentioned. Exposure to light at more than 1 W/m2 results in a high rate of chlorophyll degradation, the same effect being shown by increased temperatures. Between the trichromatic chlorophyll determination according to JEFFREY and HUMPHREY and the determination according to LORENZEN exists the linear relation chl. a (J. and H.)=chl. a (L.)+0.6. phaeo. a (L.). The procedure of the determination of chlorophyll a and phaeopigment a according to LORENZEN is described in a detailed representation.

Determination of molybdenum in soils and sediments with a modified zinc dithiol procedure

Abstract Molybdenum determination, in soils and sediments, by dithiol (Stanton, 1966) is difficult when an emulsified organic layer forms and interferes with the colorimetric analysis. Addition of small quantities of acetone is suggested for clarification of the organic phase.

Gas Chromatographic Separation of Micro Quantities of Acetone, C1-C7 Alcohols, and Diacetyl

A very sensitive method for the determination of acetone, diacetyl, and CᾢC alcohols by gas chromatography has been described. With 30% (w/w) polyethylene glycol 400 on celite 545 (60/80 mesh) support and a column temperature of 70°C, 0.5 μg of acetone, methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, 0.25 μg of n-propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol and 1.2 μg diacetyl were detected on the hydrogen flame detector. At a column temperature of 110°C, 0.1 μg of n-pentanol, n-hexanol and n-heptanol were the minimum amounts detected. The variation and reproducibility was 3% at all concentrations tested (up to 300 or 500 μg). Peak height measurements were found superior to peak area measurements.

Nuclear recoil reactions in organomanganese compounds. II. Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl

The study of nuclear recoil reactions in organomanganese compounds was continued in methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl, a liquid, following earlier conclusions that the recombination reactions may involve a radical diffusion mechanism. Only a very small annealing effect was observed, but that was similar to the earlier results in which a maximum organic yield is reached, followed by a return to the initial value. Results of irradiation in benzene solution show no decrease of organic yield on dilution, which is interpreted as indicating that ‘hot’ reactions do not play a major role. Results of irradiation in mixed benzene–acetone solutions show a sharp decrease in organic yield as small quantities of acetone are added, which suggests a radical-scavenging process. The observation made earlier that considerable CH3Mn(CO)5is produced in this reaction leads to the speculation that radicals of the form Mn(CO)xare the reacting species.

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: XV. THE OCCURRENCE OF ACETONE AS A PRODUCT OF THE AEROBACILLUS POLYMYXA FERMENTATION

Considerable quantities of acetone were produced by certain strains of Aerobacillus polymyxa growing anaerobically in a dextrose medium. The presence of acetone was confirmed by formation of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative. Carbon balances were obtained for both non-acetone-producing and acetone-producing strains of the organism; considerable quantities of several organic acids were also formed. Increased efficiency of nitrogen-aeration resulted in a marked lowering of the butanediol: ethanol ratio and probably is conducive to an increased yield of acetone.

A Method for Determination of Blood Acetone Bodies

A satisfactory method for the determination of the acetone bodies in blood at low levels or suitable for use with small volumes of blood has not hitherto been available. An attempt has been made to devise a method which combines the sensitivity of the iodine titration (Hubbard's Method) with the specificity of the Denige Van Slyke method. In this method the ketone bodies are precipitated as in Van Slyke's method, this precipitate is freed from contaminating material by washing, it is dissolved in acid and is distilled with heat into alkaline iodine which can be titrated with thiosulfate. Oxidation of the ketones is carried out in a large centrifuge tube with a small volume of liquid, which allows the acetone precipitate to form with very small quantities of acetone. Barium chloride is added and the fine barium sulfate precipitate helps to prevent the loss of the acetone mercuric sulfate precipitate when decanting.Briefly the procedure is as follows : 2 cc. of oxalated blood is lyzed with 14 cc. water in a...

The influence of feeding upon acidosis in the phlorhizinized dog

Experiments have been reported by Geelmuyden1 and by Baer2 in which they fed protein to dogs under the influence of phlorhizin, and noted a marked drop in the quantity of acetone bodies eliminated in the urine. Lusk3 has called attention to the fact that the animals used by Geelmuyden and by Baer in their experiments were for the most part, only partially phlorhizinized, and that their results might be explained on the assumption that the protein ingested gave rise to dextrose which was burned in the organism.In five experiments which we have carried out upon dogs phlorhizinized according to the method of Coolen, we have found a drop of from fifty to ninety per cent, in the quantity of acetone and of oxybutyric acid eliminated, following the ingestion of moderate amounts of protein. A determination of the glucose to nitrogen ratio in the urine showed that the fall in acidosis cannot be accounted for by ascribing it to sugar burned in the organism.Since acidosis in the phlorhizinized dog can be practically...