Quantitative Texture Analysis Research Articles

Whole-Tumor Quantitative Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram and Texture Analysis to Differentiation of Minimal Fat Angiomyolipoma from Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

To evaluate the diagnostic value of whole-tumor quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram and texture analysis for differentiation of minimal fat angiomyolipoma (MFAML) from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with MFAML and 113 patients with ccRCC pathologically proven. All patients performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 0, 800s/mm2). Whole-tumor regions of interest were drawn on all slices of diffusion-weighted imaging to obtain histogram and texture parameters, including the mean ADC, median ADC, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th percentiles ADC, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy. The Student's t test was used to compare the parameters between MFAML and ccRCC. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis was used to compare the diagnostic value of each significant parameter. MFAML had significantly lower mean ADC, median ADC, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th percentiles ADC than ccRCC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Skewness of MFAML was significantly higher than that of ccRCC (p = 0.016). However, standard deviation, kurtosis, and entropy were not significantly different (p = 0.409, p = 0.085, p = 0.206, respectively). The 90th percentile ADC generated the highest AUC (AUC, 0.854; Sensitivity, 78.8%; Specificity, 81.5%) for differentiating MFAML from ccRCC. Whole-tumor ADC histogram and texture analysis could be considered a useful and noninvasive method to help differentiate MFAML of ccRCC with higher accuracy.

1.34 billion-year-old magmatism on Mars evaluated from the co-genetic nakhlite and chassignite meteorites

Nakhlite and chassignite martian meteorites have similar crystallization (1340 ± 40 Ma) and ejection (∼11 Ma) ages, and 87Rb-87Sr and 143Sm-144Nd compositions. Using a near-comprehensive suite of these rocks, we place further constraints on nakhlite and chassignite petrogenesis, utilizing bulk rock and mineral major- and trace-element compositions, and quantitative textural data for 17 samples, including three recent finds (Northwest Africa [NWA] 10153, NWA 10645, and NWA 11013). Bulk rock and mineral compositions indicate that nakhlites and chassignites originated from <5% partial melting of a highly depleted source, in the presence of residual garnet. Significant fractionation of olivine and pyroxene from parental magmas led to formation of cumulate dunites (chassignites), and augite-rich cumulates with relatively low abundances of interstitial material (nakhlites). We show that two nakhlite groups exist with high and low absolute trace-element abundances, which are consistent with groupings from previous studies based on mesostasis content and volatile element contents. The discrepancy between the parental melt and cumulate bulk rock compositions indicates that a missing fractionated melt composition complementary to nakhlites and chassignites should exist on Mars. Quantitative textural analyses of both nakhlites and chassignites are consistent with emplacement as distinct lava flows and/or magmatic bodies close to the martian surface, rather than from a single sill or lava flow sequence. Although originating from the same parental melt to nakhlites, chassignites likely represent cumulates that were either erupted as xenoliths, or occurred as crystal settling pods within dikes or sills and thus represent a different batch of flow/magma from the nakhlites. Determination of an ancient 207Pb-206Pb age (3.95 ± 0.16 Ga) for an apatite grain in NWA 998 is consistent with hydrothermal alteration of nakhlites by ancient crustal-derived fluids immediately following their emplacement. We interpret the apatite age, which is highly distinct from the crystallization age of nakhlites, to indicate addition of Cl-rich fluids driven by hydrothermal circulation of martian crustal brines during emplacement of the nakhlites and chassignites. Although the spatial location of nakhlites and chassignites at the martian surface remains unconstrained, our results indicate similar emplacement features to those observed in terrestrial volcano-magmatic systems.

Application of Gray Projection Algorithm to the Quantization of Width between Textures of Instrument

This article describes how in the production process of musical instruments, the width between textures in the panel determine their quality directly. In traditional production process, people observe the texture by eyes to determine whether the panel qualified. This method is inefficient and has a large error, which restricts the industrial production of musical instruments. This article proposes a method of quantitative analysis of panel's texture by using digital image processing technology and gray projection algorithm. Since the method is a non-contact one and the key parameters of the panel texture will be acquired, then the selector can determine the suitable panel. Thus, damage to a panel caused by the contact type when manually selected can be avoided. Experiments show that the method has better accuracy which avoids the errors caused by manual measurement and greatly improves the efficiency of panel selection. Therefore, it is of great significance for industrial production of traditional instruments.

Combined texture and microstructure analysis of deformed crystals by high-energy X-ray diffraction

It is shown that high-energy X-ray diffraction allows a fast and accurate texture and microstructure analysis of crystals, which can help to set up optimal industrial procedures for materials manufacturing. This paper presents the experimental and theoretical aspects of quantitative texture analysis using high-energy synchrotron beams. Intensity corrections are less important in this approach than in classical laboratory methods; however, the most important correction, related to the Lorentz factor, can introduce relative fraction changes of up to about 40% compared to the uncorrected case. The resolution of the orientation density function also influences the results. For example, the usual 5° resolution leads to relative deviations of up to 30% in the fraction of some components. The method allowed detection of small changes taking place during the recovery and continuous recrystallization of a cold-rolled Al–TiB2 nanocomposite. Texture information was combined with the results of line profile analysis, evidencing the evolution of the average dislocation density and coherent domain size of the selected grain families. It was found that recovery, as described in terms of dislocation annihilation and coherent domain coarsening, takes place at similar rates in all components.

Diversity of dermal denticle structure in sharks: Skin surface roughness and three-dimensional morphology.

Shark skin is covered with numerous placoid scales or dermal denticles. While previous research has used scanning electron microscopy and histology to demonstrate that denticles vary both around the body of a shark and among species, no previous study has quantified three-dimensional (3D) denticle structure and surface roughness to provide a quantitative analysis of skin surface texture. We quantified differences in denticle shape and size on the skin of three individual smooth dogfish sharks (Mustelus canis) using micro-CT scanning, gel-based surface profilometry, and histology. On each smooth dogfish, we imaged between 8 and 20 distinct areas on the body and fins, and obtained further comparative skin surface data from leopard, Atlantic sharpnose, shortfin mako, spiny dogfish, gulper, angel, and white sharks. We generated 3D images of individual denticles and measured denticle volume, surface area, and crown angle from the micro-CT scans. Surface profilometry was used to quantify metrology variables such as roughness, skew, kurtosis, and the height and spacing of surface features. These measurements confirmed that denticles on different body areas of smooth dogfish varied widely in size, shape, and spacing. Denticles near the snout are smooth, paver-like, and large relative to denticles on the body. Body denticles on smooth dogfish generally have between one and three distinct ridges, a diamond-like surface shape, and a dorsoventral gradient in spacing and roughness. Ridges were spaced on average 56 µm apart, and had a mean height of 6.5 µm, comparable to denticles from shortfin mako sharks, and with narrower spacing and lower heights than other species measured. We observed considerable variation in denticle structure among regions on the pectoral, dorsal, and caudal fins, including a leading-to-trailing edge gradient in roughness for each region. Surface roughness in smooth dogfish varied around the body from 3 to 42 microns.

Representation of Hashin–Shtrikman Bounds in Terms of Texture Coefficients for Arbitrarily Anisotropic Polycrystalline Materials

The present work generalizes the results of Bohlke and Lobos (Acta Mater. 67:324–334, 2014) by giving an explicit representation of the Hashin–Shtrikman (HS) bounds of linear elastic properties in terms of tensorial Fourier texture coefficients not only for cubic materials but for arbitrarily anisotropic linear elastic polycrystalline materials. Based on the HS bounds as given by Walpole (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 14(3):151–162, 1966) and tensor functions for the representation of the crystallite orientation distribution function, it is shown that the HS bounds are represented in terms of the exact same second- and fourth-order texture coefficients which appear in the consideration of the Voigt and Reuss bounds. The derived representations in terms of tensorial texture coefficients are valid for all symmetry classes in elasticity and present expressions highly attractive for the description of physical quantities in terms of tensorial variables. In order to make these results also accessible for the community of quantitative texture analysis, transformation relations between experimentally obtained Bunge’s or Roe’s coefficients and the tensorial texture coefficients are given. The representation of the present work offers a finite and low dimensional parametrization of the fully anisotropic Hashin–Shtrikman bounds, which can be used in inverse materials design problems in order to explore the set of possible materials properties or for the determination of optimal microstructural influence with respect to prescribed material properties. Examples for orthotropic polycrystals of cubic materials and transversely isotropic polycrystals of hexagonal materials (showing the connection and applicability of the results also to fiber orientation distributions) are discussed. Finally, an implementation in Mathematica® 11 of the HS bounds for arbitrarily anisotropic materials is offered, such that readers can reproduce all the results of this work and use them for their own purposes.

Texture analysis of small renal cell carcinomas at MDCT for predicting relevant histologic and protein biomarkers.

To assess CT texture features of small renal cell carcinomas (≤ 4cm) for association with key pathologic features including protein biomarkers. Quantitative CT texture analysis (CTTA) of small renal cancers (≤ 4cm) was performed on non-contrast and portal venous phase abdominal MDCT scans with an ROI drawn at the largest cross-sectional diameter of the tumor using commercially available software. Texture parameters including mean pixel attenuation, the standard deviation (SD) of the pixel distribution histogram, entropy, the mean of positive pixels, the skewness (i.e., asymmetry) of the pixel histogram, kurtosis (i.e., peakness) of the pixel histogram, and the percentage of positive pixels were correlated with pathologic data from surgical resection, including histology and nuclear grade, as well as microarray analysis in a subset (n = 40) including Ki67 index, CRP, and neovascularization (CD105/CD31). Portal venous phase images were availablein 249 patients (105women, 144men;mean age,56.7years) with tumors ≤ 4cm (mean, median, range, ± SD; 2.66, 2.60, 0.3-4.0 ± 0.85cm). CT texture featuresof standard deviation, mean of the positive pixels,and entropy of the pixel histogram were significantly associated with histologic cell type (clear vs. non-clear;p < 0.001). Entropy and mean of the positive pixels also showed an association with nuclear grade, although not statistically significant.In themicroarray analysissubset, kurtosis of the pixel histogram was associated with CD105/CD31(p = 0.05). SD also showed some association with CD 105 positivity (p = 0.02) and CAIX expression (p = 0.01). Non-contrastCT images were availablein 174 patients (72women,102men;mean age,57.5years). Although the association with histology was not as strong as on the portal venous phase, in the subset of patients with microarray data, SD was found to correlate with CRP (p = 0.08), kurtosis with CRP (p = 0.004), CD105/CD31 (p = 0.002),and with Ki 67 index (p < 0.001). CT texture features were significantly associated withimportanthistopathologic features insmallrenalcancers. These non-invasive measures can be performed retrospectively and may provide useful information when determining follow-up and treatment of small renalcancers.

Texture Evolution in U-10Mo Nuclear Fuel Foils during Plasma Spray Coating with Zr

A uranium-molybdenum alloy clad in 6061 aluminum has the potential to lead to a wide application of low-enriched uranium fuels, replacing highly enriched uranium for research reactors. A Zr coating acts as a diffusion barrier between the fuel and the aluminum cladding. In this study, U-10Mo (mass %) was coated with Zr using a plasma spray technique recognized as a fast and economical coating method. Neutron time-of-flight diffraction was used to study the microstructure evolution by quantifying the phase fractions of involved phases as well as the texture evolution of U-10Mo and Zr during plasma spray coating with Zr. Quantitative texture analysis revealed that the texture was drastically changed for high coating temperatures, likely due to selective grain growth. Furthermore, the Zr coating showed a preferential orientation, which could be correlated with the initial texture of the uncoated U-10Mo. This could be explained by the epitaxial growth of the Zr on the U-10Mo substrate.

Prediction of clinical outcomes for early gastric cancer using radiomic signatures derived from the quantitative texture analysis of conventional CT scans and machine learning.

e16091Background: Gastric cancer recurrence is a major problem despite advances in treatment regimens. Current predictors of recurrence include age and nodal involvement but suffer from poor sensit...

Risk Marker Variability in Subclinical Carotid Plaques Based on Ultrasound is Influenced by Cardiac Phase, Echogenicity and Size

Identification of risk markers based on quantitative ultrasound texture analysis of carotid plaques has the ability to define vulnerable components that correlate with increased cardiovascular risk. However, data describing factors with the potential to influence the measurement variability of risk markers are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of electrocardiogram-guided image selection, plaque echogenicity and area on carotid plaque risk markers and their variability in asymptomatic carotid plaques. Plaque risk markers were measured in 57 plaques during three consecutive heartbeats at two cardiac cycle time instants corresponding to the electrocardiogram R-wave (end diastole) and end of T-wave (end systole), resulting in six measurements for each plaque. Risk marker variability was quantified by computing the coefficient of variation (CV) across the three heartbeats. The CV was significantly higher for small plaques (area <15 mm2, 10%) than for large plaques (area >15 mm2, 6%) (p < 0.001) in measurements of area, and the CV for measurements of gray-scale median were higher for echolucent plaques (<40, 15%) than for echogenic plaques (>40, 9%) (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between systole and diastole for the mean of any risk marker or the corresponding CV value. However, in a sub-analysis, the echolucent plaques were found to have a higher CV during systole compared with diastole. The variability also caused plaque type reclassification in 16% to 25% of the plaques depending on cutoff value. The results of this study indicate that echolucent and small plaques each contribute to increased risk marker variability. Based on these results, we recommend that measurements in diastole are preferred to reduce variation, although we found that it may not be possible to characterize small plaques accurately using contemporary applied risk markers.

Quantitative analysis of cervical texture by ultrasound in mid-pregnancy and association with spontaneous preterm birth.

New tools are required to improve the identification of women who are at increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Quantitative analysis of tissue texture on ultrasound has been used to extract robust features from the ultrasound image to detect subtle changes in its microstructure. This may be applied to the cervix. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between quantitative analysis of cervical texture (CTx) on mid-trimester ultrasound and sPTB < 37 + 0 weeks' gestation. This was a single-center nested case-control study of a prospective cohort of 677 consecutive women with singleton pregnancy assessed between 19 + 0 and 24 + 6 weeks' gestation. Women at increased risk for sPTB were included unless they received treatment to prevent sPTB. Women who delivered < 37 + 0 weeks (sPTB) were considered as cases and were matched in a 1: 10 ratio with randomly selected contemporary controls who delivered at term. For each woman, one ultrasound image of the cervix was obtained for which quality was assessed, cervical length (CL) measured offline and a region of interest in the midportion of the anterior cervical lip delineated for use in local binary patterns analysis of CTx. A learning algorithm was developed to obtain the combination of CTx features best associated with sPTB based on feature transformation and discriminant analysis regression. The ability of the learning algorithm to predict sPTB was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross-validation technique, which produced a CTx-based score for each participant. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were produced and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for the optimal cut-off based on the ROC curve. The results were compared with those obtained for CL. Investigators studying the images were blinded to pregnancy outcome at all times. Images from 310 women (27 cases and 283 controls) were of sufficient quality and included in the study. Median CTx-based score was significantly lower in cases compared with controls (-1.01 vs -0.07, P ≤ 0.0001). CTx-based score maintained its significant association with sPTB after adjusting for possible confounders (history of sPTB, conization or Müllerian malformation, and CL < 25 mm). CTx-based score was a better predictor of sPTB (AUC, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.87) than was CL (AUC, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.72) (P = 0.03). Median CL was similar for cases and controls (37.7 vs 38.6 mm, P = 0.26), although cases were more likely to have CL < 25 mm (18.5% vs 0.4%, P < 0.001). Quantitative analysis of CTx enables the extraction of information relevant to sPTB from ultrasound images to generate a CTx-based score that is associated independently with sPTB. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Evolution of microstructure and texture during cold rolling and high-temperature annealing in Ni–5 at% W substrate for coated conductor

The evolution of microstructure and texture at four strain levels was investigated in Ni–5 at% W alloy by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The deformation microstructure evolves gradually from microbands (MBs) to typical lamellar structures with strain increasing in cold-rolled materials, while only lamellar structures in heavily cold-rolled materials. Subsequently, quantitative analysis of microstructure and texture was performed. It indicates that the texture is a typical pure metal deformation texture, but a few cube and rolling direction (RD)-rotated cube orientations also can be observed in the deformed samples. The use of high-temperature annealing enables an area fraction of cube orientation > 95% to be obtained for high strained substrate. In addition, it is worth noting that the point-to-point misorientation inside the band with various orientations is found to keep quite low. But the point-to-origin misorientation over the same distance is dependent on strain and orientation type in the band. The cube-oriented regions were characterized by a high accumulated orientation gradient, close to 28°, compared to the non-cube-oriented regions. This means that the accumulated orientation gradient only occurs in the cube band with the reduction of 98%, which partly explains the formation of strong cube texture after high-temperature annealing.

Volumetric Textural Analysis of Colorectal Masses at CT Colonography: Differentiating Benign versus Malignant Pathology and Comparison with Human Reader Performance

To (1) apply a quantitative volumetric textural analysis (VTA) to colorectal masses at CT colonography (CTC) for the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions and to (2) compare VTA with human performance. A validated, quantitative VTA method was applied to 63 pathologically proven colorectal masses (mean size, 4.2 cm; range, 3-8 cm) at noncontrast CTC in 59 adults (mean age, 66.5 years; range, 45.9-91.6 years). Fifty-one percent (32/63) of the masses were invasive adenocarcinoma, and the remaining 49% (31/63) were large benign adenomas. Three readers with CTC experience independently assessed the likelihood of malignancy using a 5-point scale (1 = definitely benign, 2 = probably benign, 3 = indeterminate, 4 = probably malignant, 5 = definitely malignant). Areas under the curve (AUCs) and accuracy levels were compared. VTA achieved optimal sensitivity of 83.6% vs 91.7% for human readers (P = .034), with specificities of 87.5% and 77.4%, respectively (P = .007). No significant difference in overall accuracy was seen between VTA and human readers (85.5% vs 84.7%, P = .753). The AUC for differentiating benign and malignant lesions was 0.936 for VTA and 0.917 for human readers. Intraclass correlation coefficient among the human readers was 0.76, indicating good to excellent agreement. VTA demonstrates excellent performance for distinguishing benign from malignant colorectal masses (≥3 cm) at CTC, comparable yet potentially complementary to experienced human performance.

Congenital Zika syndrome: sociodemographic profile of mothersSíndrome congénito por el virus del Zika: perfil sociodemográfico de las madres

RESUMOObjetivoDescrever o perfil sociodemográfico de mães de crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika.MétodosTrata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. Foram convidadas a participar todas as 39 mães de bebês nascidos vivos entre os casos notificados em 2015 e 2016 com diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome congênita do Zika no Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo. Dessas 39 mulheres, 25 concordaram em participar. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um formulário para identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e um diário de campo.ResultadosDas 25 mães, 19 (74,0%) se declararam não brancas e 16 declararam (64,0%) possuir companheiro. Quanto à escolaridade, 12 (48,0%) possuíam ensino médio completo. A renda domiciliar per capita variou de nenhuma renda até US$ 1 111,11; 12 mulheres (48,0%) tinham entre nenhuma renda e renda de US$ 61,72. Quanto à moradia, 17 (68,0%) residiam em áreas de periferia com condições precárias. Das 25 mulheres, 16 (64,0%) apresentavam vínculo empregatício antes da gestação; e dessas 16 com vínculo, 12 (75,0%) foram demitidas ou pediram demissão após o nascimento do bebê.ConclusõesO perfil das mães revelou que a epidemia não foi equânime e atingiu preferencialmente mulheres de baixa renda e de estratos sociais desfavorecidos. Nesse sentido, acredita-se que a doença possa ser determinada pelas desigualdades sociais de saúde presentes no país. Os dados descritos podem fornecer subsídios para o planejamento de ações efetivas para garantir uma rede de proteção social para crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika e suas famílias.

Distinguishing fibrosis/necrosis from teratoma or viable disease in the retroperitoneum in post-chemotherapy, nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor using quantitative CT texture analysis.

563 Background: In metastatic nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor (NSGCT), post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) is indicated for residual masses &gt; 1 cm because of these 45% will be fibrosis/necrosis, 45% will be teratoma and 15% will be viable malignancy. There is no imaging test that reliably distinguishes lymph nodes (LNs) with tumor (teratoma or malignancy) from LNs with fibrosis/necrosis. We evaluated whether quantitative CT texture analysis (TA) could make this differentiation. Methods: Pre- and post-chemotherapy CTs (all same phase and slice thickness) were reviewed in 22 NSGCT patients with RP LNs &gt; 1 cm post chemotherapy. After manual segmentation of RP LNs on a 3D workstation, 187 TA metrics were derived, using 2D/3D gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), 2D/3D gray-level difference matrix (GLDM), and spectral analysis. Metrics were derived 2 ways: from post-chemotherapy CTs alone, and also as a difference between pre- and post-chemotherapy CTs, resulting in 374 metrics. PC-RPLND pathology was correlated with CT data at 88 LN stations in these 22 patients. Results: 15 imaging metrics showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between LN stations with only fibrosis/necrosis and those with teratoma or viable tumor. Seven were derived from the difference between pre- and post-chemotherapy CTs: 4 using a 2D GLCM (coronal standard deviation, coronal square root of variance, coronal mean, and coronal sum of average), and 3 using a 2D GLDM (axial variance, axial square root of variance, and coronal variance). The other 8 were derived from post-chemotherapy CTs alone: 7 using a 2D GLCM (sagittal square root of variance, sagittal standard deviation, coronal square root of variance, coronal mean, coronal standard deviation, coronal sum of average, and coronal entropy) and 1 using a 2D GLDM (sagittal sum entropy). Conclusions: CT TA shows promise in differentiating necrosis from teratoma or viable tumor in RP LNs in post-chemotherapy NSGCT. A larger study is needed to further test this method, towards a long-term goal of potentially allowing some patients to avoid PC-RPLND.

Abstract PD2-09: Association of quantitative MRI features with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and treatment response prediction in HER2 positive subtype of breast cancer

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate associations between qualitative and quantitative MRI features and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) levels in HER2+ subtype of breast cancer, as potential prognostic non-invasive imaging markers for treatment response prediction. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of breast cancer patients who had MRI at staging, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2015 was performed. BI-RADS lexicon was used for lesion evaluation. Demographic, imaging, and pathologic data including TIL levels were documented. Quantitative MRI texture analysis was performed using 3 types of textural features (TF): local binary patterns (LBP), gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and threshold adjacency statistics (TAS). Associations between MRI quantitative TF, TIL levels, and pathologic complete response (pCR) were evaluated by Pearson correlation and logistic regression. Results: There were 50 HER2+ patients (median age 51 years, range 29-59) with pretreatment MRI and TIL status for analysis; 27 patients had pCR at surgery. Qualitative MRI analysis showed that mass rim-enhancement (p&amp;lt;0. 05) and fast early enhancement kinetics (p&amp;lt;0.01) were associated with higher TIL levels. No association between qualitative MRI features and pCR was found. Nine TF significantly correlated with pCR (p&amp;lt;0.05): angular 2nd moment (GLCM), 75 percentile (LBP), standard deviation (GLCM), adjacency 0-5 (TAS). This is indicative of association of tumor heterogeneity with pCR. Three TF were significantly associated with high TIL levels (p&amp;lt;0.05): standard deviation, adjacency 1 and 2. Additional four TF had high association with TIL (p&amp;lt;0.1): sum entropy, adjacency 0, 3 and 4. These findings showed that increased heterogeneity, complexity and entropy were associated with high TIL level. Three TF were significantly associated with both, pCR and TIL (p&amp;lt;0.05): 75 percentile, standard deviation, adjacency 8. Conclusion: Quantitative tumor texture analysis based on statistical modeling showed specific nine TF indicative of tumor heterogeneity associated with pCR; and seven TF indicative of increased heterogeneity, complexity, and entropy associated with high TIL levels in HER2+ breast cancer. Analysis of associations of MRI quantitative TF with pCR and TIL in HER2+ breast cancer may help to develop prognostic non-invasive imaging markers for treatment response prediction. Citation Format: Rauch GM, Zhu H, Li H, Adrada BE, Santiago L, Candelaria RP, Wang H, Leung J, Litton J, Wu Y, Murthy R, Mittendorf EA, Yang W. Association of quantitative MRI features with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and treatment response prediction in HER2 positive subtype of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD2-09.

Retrospective analysis of patients using olaparib (O) in pancreatic cancer (PC).

389 Background: Molecular analysis has revealed four subtypes of PC giving clinicians further insight into treating this deadly disease. One subtype that was elucidated termed “unstable” is significant for the presence of DNA damage repair deficiency and can be targeted therapeutically. One such therapy, O, from the drug class poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, has already been FDA approved for individuals with BRCA mutated ovarian cancers. We performed a retrospective analysis on patients with PC treated at a single institution who have DNA damage repair deficiency mutations and have been treated with O. Methods: A chart review identified pancreatic cancer patients with DNA repair pathway mutations who were treated with O. The primary objective examined ORR in patients with PC with DNA repair mutations receiving O. Secondary objectives included tolerability, overall survival (OS), CA 19-9 change, and changes in quantitative textural analysis (QTA) on CT. Results: 11 individuals were identified, 5 carriers of a pathogenic germline (g) BRCA2 mutation, 1 carrier of a pathogenic g ATM mutation, 1 carrier of a pathogenic g BRCA1 mutation. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) included 1 g ATM mutation, 1 g PALB2 mutation, 1 somatic (s) C11orf30 mutation, and 1 s BRCA2 mutation. Median age at diagnosis was 59, with 4 M and 7 F. No patients met criteria for familial PC and 7 had a family history consistent for breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. All individuals had metastatic PC and had progressed on at least 1 line of systemic therapy. ORR was 18%. Median time of therapy on O was 5 months (mo) (Range 1.4 to 29.567 mo) with 5 of the individuals still undergoing treatment at the time of analysis. Mean OS was 12.35 mo, 9 of the 11 individuals still alive. QTA of baseline CTs from subjects with liver (8/11) and pancreatic tumors (7/11) revealed a strong association between lesion texture and OS (Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC): hepatic mets = 0.952, p = 0.0003) and time on O (PCC: panc lesions = 0.889, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In individuals with metastatic PC with mutations involved in DNA repair, O may provide clinical benefit. QTA of individual tumors may allow for additional information that predicts outcomes to PARP inhibitors in this population.

Quantitative computed tomography texture analyses for anterior mediastinal masses: Differentiation between solid masses and cysts

ObjectivesTo investigate whether solid anterior mediastinal masses could be differentiated from cysts using quantitative computed tomography (CT) texture analyses in unenhanced CT (UECT) or contrast enhanced CT (CECT). Materials and methodsThis clinical retrospective study included 76 UECT images (40 men and 36 women, 28 cystic (mean diameter, 29.5 mm) and 48 solid (mean diameter, 48.2 mm)) and 84 CECT images (45 men and 39 women, 26 cystic (mean diameter, 31.4 mm) and 58 solid (mean diameter, 51.4 mm)) of anterior mediastinal masses, which were diagnosed histopathologically or using imaging criteria. Polygonal regions of interest were placed on these masses. CT histogram analyses for images of masses with or without filtration (Laplacian of Gaussian filters with various spatial scaling factors) were performed. DeLong’s test was performed to compare areas under the curve (AUC) with receiver operating characteristic analyses. ResultsFrom logistic regression analyses with a stepwise procedure, a combination of the mean in unfiltered images (mean0; i.e., CT attenuation) and mean in filtered images featuring coarse texture for UECT (AUC = 0.869) and the combination of mean0 and entropy in filtered images featuring fine texture for CECT (AUC = 0.997) were found to predict better the internal characteristics of anterior mediastinal masses. In UECT and CECT, diagnostic performance using these combinations tended to be high compared to mean0 alone (AUC = 0.780 [p = 0.033] and AUC = 0.983 [p = 0.130], respectively). ConclusionSolid anterior mediastinal masses can be differentiated from cysts using quantitative CT texture analyses with moderate and high diagnostic performance in UECT and CECT, respectively.

Analysis of CT features and quantitative texture analysis in patients with thymic tumors: correlation with grading and staging.

To evaluate potential relationship between qualitative CT features, quantitative texture analysis (QTA), histology, WHO staging, Masaoka classification and myasthenic syndrome in patients with thymic tumors. Sixteen patients affected by histologically proven thymic tumorswere retrospectively included in the study population. Clinical information, with special regard to myasthenic syndrome and serological positivity of anti-AchR antibodies, were recorded. Qualitative CT evaluation included the following parameters: (a) location; (b) tumor edges; (c) necrosis; (d) pleural effusion; (e) metastases; (f) chest wall infiltration; (g) tumor margins. QTA included evaluation of "Mean" (M), "Standard Deviation" (SD), "Kurtosis" (K), "Skewness" (S), "Entropy" (E), "Shape from Texture" (TX_sigma) and "average of positive pixels" (MPP). Pearson-Rho test was used to evaluate the relationship of continuous non-dichotomic parameters, whereas Mann-Whitney test was used for dichotomic parameters. Histological evaluation demonstrated thymoma in 12 cases and thymic carcinoma in 4 cases. Tumor necrosis was significantly correlated with QTA Mean (p=0.0253), MPP (p=0.0417), S (p=0.0488) and K (p=0.0178). WHO staging was correlated with Mean (p=0.0193), SD (p=0.0191) and MPP (p=0.0195). Masaoka classification was correlated with Mean (p=0.0322), MPP (p=0.0315), skewness (p=0.0433) and Kurtosis (p=0.0083). Myasthenic syndrome was significantly associated with Mean (p=0.0211) and MPP (p=0.0261), whereas tumor size was correlated with Mean (p=0.0241), entropy (p=0.0177), MPP (p=0.0468), skewness (p=0.009) and Kurtosis (p=0.006). Our study demonstrates significant relationship between radiomics parameters, histology, grading and clinical manifestations of thymic tumors.

Response monitoring of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy using quantitative ultrasound, texture, and molecular features.

BackgroundPathological response of breast cancer to chemotherapy is a prognostic indicator for long-term disease free and overall survival. Responses of locally advanced breast cancer in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) settings are often variable, and the prediction of response is imperfect. The purpose of this study was to detect primary tumor responses early after the start of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using quantitative ultrasound (QUS), textural analysis and molecular features in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.MethodsThe study included ninety six patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast tumors were scanned with a clinical ultrasound system prior to chemotherapy treatment, during the first, fourth and eighth week of treatment, and prior to surgery. Quantitative ultrasound parameters and scatterer-based features were calculated from ultrasound radio frequency (RF) data within tumor regions of interest. Additionally, texture features were extracted from QUS parametric maps. Prior to therapy, all patients underwent a core needle biopsy and histological subtypes and biomarker ER, PR, and HER2 status were determined. Patients were classified into three treatment response groups based on combination of clinical and pathological analyses: complete responders (CR), partial responders (PR), and non-responders (NR). Response classifications from QUS parameters, receptors status and pathological were compared. Discriminant analysis was performed on extracted parameters using a support vector machine classifier to categorize subjects into CR, PR, and NR groups at all scan times.ResultsOf the 96 patients, the number of CR, PR and NR patients were 21, 52, and 23, respectively. The best prediction of treatment response was achieved with the combination mean QUS values, texture and molecular features with accuracies of 78%, 86% and 83% at weeks 1, 4, and 8, after treatment respectively. Mean QUS parameters or clinical receptors status alone predicted the three response groups with accuracies less than 60% at all scan time points. Recurrence free survival (RFS) of response groups determined based on combined features followed similar trend as determined based on clinical and pathology.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates the potential of using QUS, texture and molecular features for predicting the response of primary breast tumors to chemotherapy early, and guiding the treatment planning of refractory patients.