Exact Sciences Research Articles

Demographic predictors of multi-target stool DNA test completion in an underserved primary care population: A retrospective analysis.

30 Background: Colorectal cancer screening remains crucial for early detection, with multi-target stool DNA(Exact Sciences, Madison, WI, USA) serving as a non-invasive option. However, adherence to test completion may vary across different demographic groups. This study aims to assess the association between patient demographics and the completion of Cologuard testing in an underserved primary care population in order to further explore the disparities that exist. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 12071 eligible patients, aged 45-75, across Hartford Healthcare Primary Care Clinics across Connecticut, USA, between November 2022 and April 2024 for whom an order for this test was placed. Demographic data including gender, age, English proficiency, and insurance status(public/private vs no insurance) were analyzed. The outcome of interest was whether patients had results available within 120 days of placing the order. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between these variables and the likelihood of Cologuard test completion. Results: 11704(96.9%) of all patients were insured. Among insured patients, 6945 (59.9%) had results available, while 4759 (41.1%) did not have results at the 120 day mark. Among uninsured patients, 46 (12.5%) had results, while 321 (87.5%) did not. Insured patients were more likely to have test results available compared to uninsured patients (OR = 10.184, 95% CI: 7.460-13.901, p < 0.01). 10977(90.9%) patients were English proficient. They were more likely to have results compared to Non-English proficient patients (OR = 3.474, 95% CI: 3.038-3.972, p < 0.01). Gender was not a significant predictor of test completion (OR = 0.964, 95%CI: 0.895-1.039, p = 0.341), and older age demonstrated a small, non-significant effect (OR = 1.004, p = 0.094), with a test for non-linearity confirming a linear relationship between age and test completion (p = 0.162). Conclusions: Insured status and English proficiency are significant predictors of Cologuard test completion in this primary care cohort and are more likely complete testing. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to increase colorectal cancer screening adherence, particularly among this population.

Promoting sustained access to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in Australia: a system-level implementation program.

Insomnia is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the recommended "first line" treatment, but is accessed by a minority of people with insomnia. This paper describes a system-level implementation program to improve access to CBTi in Australia to inform CBTi implementation in other locations. From 2019-2023, we conducted a program of work to promote sustained change in access to CBTi in Australia. Three distinct phases included (1) scoping and mapping barriers to CBTi access, (2) analysis and synthesis of barriers and facilitators to devise change goals, and (3) structured promotion and coordination of change. We used a system-level approach, knowledge brokerage, and codesign, and drew on qualitative, quantitative, and implementation science methods. We identified barriers to CBTi access from the perspectives of people with insomnia, primary care clinicians, and the health system. A stakeholder advisory committee was convened to codesign change goals, identify modifiable barriers, devise program logic, and drive change strategies. We commenced a program to promote system-level change in CBTi access via: improved awareness and education of insomnia among primary care clinicians, self-guided interventions, and advocating to Government for additional CBTi funding mechanisms. This implementation program made significant progress toward improving access to CBTi in Australia. Ongoing work is required to continue this program, as long-term system-level change requires significant and sustained time, effort, and resources from multiple stakeholders. This program may be used to inform CBTi implementation activities in other locations. Sweetman A, McEvoy RD, Frommer MS, etal. Promoting sustained access to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in Australia: a system-level implementation program. J Clin Sleep Med. 2025;21(2):325-335.

Multi-target stool DNA test adherence among average-risk 45- to 49-year-old patients from 2017-2023.

102 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. In 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lowered the age of initial CRC screening from 50 to 45 years of age for average risk individuals. At that time, only 20% of adults aged 45-49 years were up-to-date with CRC screening. With its at-home use, accessibility, and patient navigation, the multi-target stool DNA test (mt-sDNA) could help support screening uptake in this population. Here, we analyzed national claims data to investigate mt-sDNA adherence rates among average-risk adults aged 45-50 years. Methods: Using a national claims database of over 165 million individuals linked with Exact Sciences Laboratories data, mt-sDNA orders for AA patients were retrospectively identified from 2017 to 2023. Average CRC risk individuals aged ≥45 years, and new to mt-sDNA, were included in this analysis. Primary outcome of interest was adherence, defined as mt-sDNA kit return rate within 365-days from shipment. Test return time was examined as the secondary outcome. Demographics were age, sex, ordering provider, residential geography, payor, and outreach preference. Covariates on adherence were examined using logistic regression. Results: A total of 607,388 mt-sDNA orders were prescribed during the study period, with an overall 365-day return rate of 65.4%. Average time to test return was 30.4 days. Women outnumbered men in the cohort (58.6%), and most mt-sDNA orders were prescribed by primary care providers (59.4%). The majority of individuals preferred ‘Digital SMS’ communication (62%), and nearly 90% of the cohort was Commercially insured (87.6%). Among those in the cohort participants’ self-reported race/ethnicity was: White (37.3%), Hispanic or Latino (10.1%), Black or African American (8.8%), unknown (8.8%), Asian or pacific islander (4.6%), and other (3.7%). Adherences for the four identified races/ethnicities were all near, or above 60%. Men demonstrated higher adherence than women (66.7% vs 64.5%; p<0.0001). Time to test return was shortest in men (28.9 days) and African American persons (28.5 days). Tests ordered by gastroenterologists yielded the quickest adherence times amongst providers (26 days). After controlling for race, gender, payor class, setting (urban/rural classification), and preferred language, digital outreach and provider type were significantly associated with increased mt-sDNA adherence. Conclusions: This large, national analysis reports a substantially higher rate of adherence among individuals ages 45-49 with the mt-sDNA test than the current nationally reported rates. At-home testing, along with standard and preference-based navigation may have contributed to high mt-sDNA completion rates. More research is warranted to explore screening behaviors and the benefits of screening within this younger population.

Adherence to multi-target stool DNA test in the US Asian population from 2017-2024.

101 Background: In 2024, incidence and mortality cases related to colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US are estimated to reach 152,810 and 53,010, respectively. CRC screening can help identify malignant lesions at earlier stages; however, in 2021, only 48% of Asian American persons between the ages of 45-75 were up-to-date. Multi-target stool DNA test (mt-sDNA), a highly sensitive and guideline recommended CRC screening modality, may improve screening adherence in average-risk individuals within this population. Herein, we examined CRC screening adherence with mt-sDNA in Asian Americans using national claims data. Methods: A large claims database of over 165 million individuals linked with Exact Sciences Laboratories data, was used to source mt-sDNA orders for Asian Americans from 2017 to 2024. Eligible individuals were aged ≥45 years, new to mt-sDNA and average risk for CRC during the baseline period of 12 months. Primary outcome was adherence to mt-sDNA, defined as return of mt-sDNA kit within 365-days from shipment. The secondary outcome was time to kit return in days. All individuals received a standard mailed letter along with additional digital outreach through the accompanying mt-sDNA patient navigation program, according to their desired mode of communication. Baseline demographic measures included age, sex, ordering provider, residential geography, payor, and outreach preference. Association of adherence with patient characteristics was evaluated using multivariable regression. Results: Of the 182,259 eligible mt-sDNA orders shipped during the study period, overall adherence was 68.9%. Average time to test return was 27.1 days. The cohort was comprised mostly of women (56.7%), aged 50-64 years (58.42%), primary care provider (74.7%), and preferred ‘Digital SMS’ outreach (50.9%). Average adherence for all age groups, 45-49 years, 50-64 years, 65-75 years, and 76+ years, exceeded 65%, at 67.2%, 68.8%, 69.7%, and 72%, respectively. Medicare recipients demonstrated the highest adherence by payor type (71%, p < 0.0001), and persons who opted for ‘Digital SMS + Email’ communication were most adherent (70.9%; p < 0.0001). Of all provider specialties, individuals having their tests ordered by gastroenterologists produced the shortest time to adherence (21.8 days). Multivariable regression revealed that age, digital outreach (compared to none), micropolitan residence, and ordering provider were independent predictors of increased mt-sDNA adherence. Conclusions: The results of this large cohort and nationally representative analysis demonstrated high mt-sDNA adherence amongst Asian American persons, despite a low percentage of this population being current with CRC screening overall. The use of mt-sDNA, in concordance with its included patient navigation, is a viable modality to encourage test completion through screening engagement – which has the potential to reduce screening barriers in this population.

Multi-target stool DNA test adherence in average-risk African Americans from 2017-2024.

99 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, while being the third most common cancer in the country. African Americans (AA) are disproportionately affected with CRC (incidence and mortality), yet the disease can be prevented through screening and early detection. Data reveals that only 59% of AA between ages 45-75 were up to date with CRC screening as of 2021. Broad availability of the navigation-supported, at home multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test may help mitigate barriers to screening adherence in this population. We examined multi-target stool-DNA (mt-sDNA) test adherence rates in a nationally representative AA population. Methods: Using a national claims database of over 165 million individuals linked with Exact Sciences Laboratories data, mt-sDNA orders for AA patients were retrospectively identified from 2016 to 2024. Average CRC risk individuals aged ≥45 years, and new to mt-sDNA, were included in this analysis. Primary outcome of interest was adherence, defined as mt-sDNA kit return rate within 365-days from shipment. Time to test return was examined as the secondary outcome. Demographics were age, sex, ordering provider, residential geography, payor, and outreach preference. Covariates on adherence were examined using logistic regression. Results: Among 434,951 mt-sDNA orders from 2017-2024, the overall adherence rate was 62%, and the average time to test return was 27.6 days. The cohort included higher percentages of women (61.7%), ages 50-64 years (57.8%), located in Southern US (51.4%), and metro areas (90.9%). Most patients were also commercially insured (56.1%) and received their mt-sDNA order from their primary care provider (65.4%). Digital SMS was the most preferred outreach option (47%). Patients ages ≥76 years demonstrated the highest adherence (70.3%), with all age categories near or above 60% (45-49 yrs [59.4%]; 50-64 yrs [60.8%], 65-75 yrs [64.3%]). Across payors, patients with Medicare had the highest adherence rates (66.5%). Across outreach, highest adherence was among those who preferred ‘Digital SMS + Email’ outreach (64.3%). Men were quicker to return their test than women (26.8 days vs 28 days, p<0.001). Those ages ≥76 years and with tests ordered by GIs had the shortest time to test return (21.3 and 22.2 days, respectively). Adjusted analyses revealed multiple factors were associated with increased odds of adherence, including older age (≥76 years; OR=1.54; p<0.001), ‘Digital SMS + Email’ outreach (OR=1.25; p<0.001), rural residence (OR=1.23; p<0.001), and males (OR=1.05; p<0.001). Conclusions: Mt-sDNA adherence was higher for AA patients in this large, national cohort as compared to previously reported overall CRC screening adherence data for this population group. Findings suggest mt-sDNA utilization, with its included patient navigation, may help reduce screening disparities among AA patients.

Adherence to the multi-target stool DNA test in the US Hispanic population from 2016-2024.

100 Background: With colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the US, adherence to CRC screening is a vital component to alleviating the cancer burden. Statistics show that only 52% of Hispanic or Latino individuals ≥45 years were up-to-date with CRC screening in 2021. A guideline-recommended, at-home CRC screening option, such as the multi-target stool DNA test (mt-sDNA), could be an efficient modality for screening average-risk individuals. Using a large national claims database, we examined CRC screening adherence with mt-sDNA in the US Hispanic population. Methods: Data was sourced from a database of over 165 million individuals linked with Exact Sciences Laboratories data. Hispanic persons who received mt-sDNA orders and resided in the US were retrospectively identified from 2016 to 2024. The analyses included persons who were ≥45 years of age, new to mt-sDNA and average risk for CRC during the 12-month pre-index period. Primary outcome of interest was adherence, which was defined as the mt-sDNA kit return rate within 365-days from shipment. All patients received a mailed letter along with digital outreach through the accompanying patient navigation program, according to their communication preference. The modes of digital outreach included: SMS, email, or both. Baseline demographics collected included age, sex, ordering provider, residential geography, payor, and outreach preference. Adjusted analyses were used to examine effects of covariates on adherence. Results: A total of 447,968 mt-sDNA orders were shipped during the study period and the overall adherence rate was 62.5%. Average time to test return was 28.5 days. Women comprised the majority of the cohort (59.9%), resided mostly in the Southern US (46.9%), aged 50-64 (60.9%), resided in a metropolitan area (91.2%), and received their mt-sDNA order from their primary care provider (62.7%). Across evaluated age groups, adherence was above 60% for all: ages 45-49 [60.5%]; 50-64 [62.6%], 65-75 [62.6%]), and ≥ 76 years [66.8]. By payor, Medicare-insured patients demonstrated the highest adherence (65.5%). Digital SMS was the preferred contact method (51.2%), and those opting for SMS + Email had the highest adherence rate (64.2%). Of provider specialties, individuals having their tests ordered by GIs produced the shortest time to adherence (23.2 days). Regression analyses revealed that older age (≥ 76 years), living in a rural area, and receiving fully or partially digital outreach were associated with increased mt-sDNA adherence. Conclusions: This large, national analysis reveals high mt-sDNA adherence amongst Hispanic individuals in the US, despite reports of low national CRC screening rates in this population. These data support the important role of mt-sDNA in facilitating screening engagement, while emphasizing the importance of preference-based navigation in facilitating screening test completion.

P-781. The Impact of Hepatitis B Virus Infection on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Northern California, 2010-2022

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affect similar at-risk populations. However, there is limited data on how co-infection may influence clinicians’ decision to offer TB preventative treatment (TPT) over concern for hepatotoxicity. We compared TPT by HBV status, and determined factors associated with TPT initiation among HBV-infected persons at a community health center in Northern California serving a large non-U.S.-born Asian population. Methods We extracted electronic health record data for all persons aged ≥18 years old with latent TB infection (LTBI), defined by a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay in the absence of a TB disease diagnosis from 2010-2022. HBV infection was defined by a single positive HBV DNA or HBV surface antigen assay. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to explore the impact of (a) HBV status and (b) clinical and demographic variables on TPT initiation. We also examined how these factors changed when Rifampin (RIF) usage for TPT increased at this community health center after 2014. Results A total of 11,711 persons had LTBI and 5,530 had HBV. Of all persons with LTBI, 833 (9.0%) of those tested for HBV had a co-infection including 41 (4.9%) on HBV antiviral treatment; while 34% of all HBV-infected persons screened for TB had LTBI. Adjusting for demographics and time period, TPT was significantly lower among those with co-infection than those without (43.5% versus 47.4%, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.76, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.66 – 0.88, p< 0.01). Among those with co-infection, increasing age (50-64, ≥65 years), and elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were associated with decreased likelihood of TPT (Table 1). Treatment of co-infected individuals was significantly higher after 2014 when RIF prescribing increased (aOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.81-4.2); however, age over 65 was still associated with decreased TPT prescription (aOR 0.36, 95% 0.19 – 0.67, p < 0.01). Conclusion HBV-LTBI co-infection was associated with reduced odds of TPT. Increased use of Rifamycin based regimens and further guidance on TPT and monitoring of older individuals and persons with elevated ALT levels may be needed to improve TB prevention efforts among HBV-LTBI co-infected persons. Disclosures Robert J. Wong, MD, MS, Durect Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Exact Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Thera Technologies: Grant/Research Support

Adherence to multi-target stool DNA testing for colorectal cancer screening in the United States

PurposeColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA and is highly preventable, with early screening vital for improving outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate adherence rates of multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing, following updated guidelines recommending screening starting at age 45.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used aggregated data from Exact Sciences Laboratories LLC, examining new users (first-time testers) aged 45–85 with commercial, Medicare, or Medicaid insurance who received mt-sDNA test kits (point-of-care) between January 1, 2023, and June 1, 2023. Adherence was defined as the percentage of eligible participants returning a valid non-empty test kit within 365 days of initial shipment date. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze adherence.ResultsAmong 1,557,915 patients, the overall adherence rate to mt-sDNA testing was 71.3% (commercial insurance 72.3%, Medicare Advantage 70.2%, Medicare 69.9%, Medicaid 52.0%) (p < 0.001). Females had slightly higher adherence than males, except for commercial insurance (72.2% vs. 72.6%, p < 0.001). Adherence was highest in commercial insurance for individuals aged 76–85 (79.2%, p < 0.001), gastroenterology patients (82.5%, p < 0.001), and rural residents (73.2%, p < 0.001), along with those in Medicare Advantage earning $200 K + (78.5%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAdherence to mt-sDNA testing was robust, particularly among individuals with commercial insurance, older adults, gastroenterology patients, higher income groups, and rural residents. With a 71% adherence rate, the test demonstrates substantial engagement and value in colorectal cancer screening. Future research should assess its long-term impact and address disparities to optimize its benefits.

Implementing a Responsible Conduct of Research Curriculum for an Undergraduate Summer Clinical Research Program in Quantitative Sciences.

Instilling the principles of ethical and responsible medical research is critical for educating the next generation of clinical researchers. We developed a responsible conduct of research (RCR) workshop and associated curriculum for undergraduate trainees in a quantitative clinical research program. Topics in this 7-module RCR workshop are relevant to undergraduate trainees in quantitative fields, many of whom are learning about these concepts for the first time. These topics include: (1) research collaboration and mentoring, (2) human subjects and privacy, (3) rigor, reproducibility, and responsibility in data analysis, (4) data safety, security, and sharing, (5) responsible authorship, peer reviews, and conflicts of interest, (6) research misconduct and whistleblowing, and (7) social responsibility and contemporary ethical issues. The workshop adopts an active learning approach and is intended to encourage peer-to-peer learning through a critical review of case studies and contemporary media reports. Workshop materials and discussions are designed to address experiences relevant to undergraduate trainees. For example, for the discussion on human subject protection, trainees are asked to review their own university's policies for engaging students as research subjects. Student perceived knowledge and understanding of research ethics were obtained from pre- and post-workshop surveys, with responses ranging from 1 (low level of understanding) to 5 (high level of understanding). Survey responses from 38 trainees across 4 years demonstrated marked increase in perceived knowledge and understanding of research ethics, from 64% in pre- to 96% in post-workshop responses with scores of 3 and up. Trainees noted the effectiveness of the active learning format of the workshop and relevance of the topics on their own research projects. Intentional instruction is vital to help trainees discern between good and bad science in research. The presented RCR curriculum can be adapted by other programs designed for trainees engaged in medical research and education.

Comparing Human-Only, AI-Assisted, and AI-Led Teams on Assessing Research Reproducibility in Quantitative Social Science

Comparing Human-Only, AI-Assisted, and AI-Led Teams on Assessing Research Reproducibility in Quantitative Social Science

Primary School Teachers‘ Self-efficacy and Difficulties in Implementing STEAM Education

Recently, many countries around the world have paid more attention to the quality of natural and exact sciences, technology and engineering education – STEM disciplines have become extremely important in order to develop economic innovations. Educational research shows that successful integration of STEM requires content and pedagogical knowledge of these subjects, but teachers admit that they feel unprepared to apply STEM methodology. The subject and methodical, reflection and self-improvement competences of the primary school teacher are extremely important when the integration of STEAM subjects appears in the general education programs of many countries. The goal of the pilot study presented in this article is to validate in the Lithuanian sample the questionnaire designed to assess the difficulties of primary school teachers in teaching STEAM and to highlight their self-efficacy features. Statistical data analysis using SPSS 27 revealed the lack of self-efficacy of primary school teachers in teaching subjects related to the fields of chemistry and physics, which is one of the main reasons why teachers have difficulties in implementing STEAM activities. It is expected that the questionnaire will allow assess the professional development needs of primary school teachers and will help higher education institutions to improve teacher training programs.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF MUHAMMAD RAHIMKHON FERUZ TO THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW WAVE OF ENLIGHTENMENT WITHIN KHOREZM’S LITERARY SCENE

This article discusses the activities of Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz, who lived and worked from 1844 to 1910, focusing on his roles as a statesman, leader of literature and arts, progressive thinker, and advocate for education and enlightenment. It highlights his contributions to the development of a new enlightenment movement in the literary environment of Khorezm. The article demonstrates that during Feruz’s reign, Khiva became a cultural and literary center, marking a period of significant progress. KEYWORDS: Feruz, Khorezm literary environment, khan, poet, enlightenment, progressivism, school, madrasa, education, new methods, printing, builder, exact sciences, spirituality, photography, cinema.

The future of translation industry: student expectations and real life

Problem Statement. The advent of neural network-based machine translation systems and large language models has brought significant changes to the translation services market, impacting employment and prompting concerns among students and prospective linguists about the future of the translation profession. This study aims to identify mismatches between the expectations of linguistics students and the real-life market situation to promote more realistic attitudes in students, and increase their motivation.Materials and Methods. In 2024, a survey was conducted among 122 Linguistics majors from four Russian universities. The sample was representative, with a reliability level of 66.7 %. The survey included questions regarding preferred types of translation types in demand, and the outlook for the profession, facilitating a comparative analysis with the current situation on the translation services market.Results and Discussion. While students have a reasonable understanding of market demand for various types of translation, their preferences do not align with the most in-demand industries. Notably, there is a low level of interest in scientific, technical, medical, and legal translation, despite these fields being highly sought after. Moreover, many students hold a pessimistic view of the profession's future, fearing that translators will be replaced by machine translation systems.Conclusions. Despite their awareness of market realities, students are reluctant to focus on the most in-demand types of translation. This reluctance is attributed to a lack of knowledge in the exact sciences and a distorted perception of the profession, influenced by popular culture. The study recommends strengthening career guidance efforts and modernizing educational programs to better align with market needs, as well as emphasizing the continued importance of professional translators in the context of technological advancements

Quantitative Political Science Research is Greatly Underpowered

Quantitative Political Science Research is Greatly Underpowered

A novel approach based on journal coupling to determine authors who are most likely to be part of the same invisible college

ABSTRACT Purpose In this paper, we use author clustering based on journal coupling (i.e., shared academic journals) to determine researchers who have the same scientific interests and similar conceptual frameworks. The basic assumption is that authors who publish in the same academic journals are more likely to share similar conceptual frameworks and interests than those who never publish in the same venues. Therefore, they are more likely to be part of the same invisible college (i.e., authors in this subgroup contribute materially to research on the same topic and often publish their work in similar publication venues). Design/methodology/approach Test in a controlled exercise the grouping of authors based on journal coupling to determine invisible colleges in a research field using a case study of 302 authors who had published in the Information Science and Library Science (IS&amp;LS) category of the Web of Science Core Collection. For each author, we retrieved all the scientific journals in which this author had published his/her articles. We then used the cosine measure to calculate the similarity between authors (both first and second order). Findings In this paper, using journal coupling of IS&amp;LS authors, we found four main invisible colleges: “Information Systems”, “Business and Information Management”, “Quantitative Information Science” and “Library Science.” The main journals that determine the existence of these invisible colleges were Inform Syst Res, Inform Syst J, J Bus Res, J Knowl Manage, J Informetr, Pro Int Conf Sci Inf, Int J Geogr Inf Sci, J Am Med Inform Assn, and Learn Publ. However, the main journals that demonstrate that IS&amp;LS determine a field were J Am Soc Inf Sci Tec/J Assoc Inf Sci Tech, Scientometrics, Inform Process Manag, and J Inf Sci. Research limitations The results shown in this article are from a controlled exercise. The analysis performed using journal coupling excludes books, book chapters, and conference papers. In this article, only academic journals were used for the representation of research results. Practical implications Our results may be of interest to IS&amp;LS scholars. This is because these results provide a new lens for grouping authors, making use of the authors’ journal publication profile and journal coupling. Furthermore, extending our approach to the study of the structure of other disciplines would possibly be of interest to historians of science as well as scientometricians. Originality/value This is a novel approach based on journal coupling to determine authors who are most likely to be part of the same invisible college.

IMPACTO DO USO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL EM DIFERENTES ÁREAS DA SAÚDE

Artificial intelligence is a growing trend nowadays, being used in the most different areas of human, biological and exact sciences. In the health area, its use has become increasingly widespread among professionals in medicine, nursing, dentistry, among other professions. The aim of this study was to carry out a narrative review of the indexed scientific literature based on the central question: what is the impact of using artificial intelligence in different areas of health? To do this, searches were carried out in the PubMed database using the terms “artificial intelligence” and “health care” or “health occupations”. Inclusion and exclusion strategies were applied, and 9 articles were selected to be included in the present work. The results were represented in tables and present a trend in the use of artificial intelligence in different areas of health, demonstrating that there is a positive impact on the incorporation of technology in the clinical routine of nurses, doctors and dentists. Based on the results presented, it is concluded that there is a positive impact on the use of technological resources that use artificial intelligence in the areas of health.

Funkcjonowanie osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w opinii studentów Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach

The effect of shaping the ethics and culture of modern man is his attitude towards individuals who are different from him and his tolerance for non-uniformity. In connection with the above topic, research on the functioning of people with disabilities requires constant amendment and supplementation. The aim of the research was to learn students' views on the functioning of people with intellectual disabilities. The research was in the form of a diagnostic survey, carried out using an own questionnaire. The research was con-ducted among one hundred students from such fields as: pedagogy, other social sciences, medical sciences, exact and natural sciences, and humanities. The work consists of three main chapters. The first one shows the functions and types of social attitudes and characterizes the concept of social attitudes and stereotypes. The second one presents a description of the own research methodology. The third one presents the results of own research on how a person functions with intellectual disabilities. To get rid of all social barriers, inclusive education must continue to be promoted from an early age. This would eliminate all stereotypes, physical and mental barriers of society towards people with intellectual disabilities.

Detecting and Attributing Change in Climate and Complex Systems: Foundations, Green’s Functions, and Nonlinear Fingerprints

Detection and attribution (DA) studies are cornerstones of climate science, providing crucial evidence for policy decisions. Their goal is to link observed climate change patterns to anthropogenic and natural drivers via the optimal fingerprinting method (OFM). We show that response theory for nonequilibrium systems offers the physical and dynamical basis for OFM, including the concept of causality used for attribution. Our framework clarifies the method’s assumptions, advantages, and potential weaknesses. We use our theory to perform DA for prototypical climate change experiments performed on an energy balance model and on a low-resolution coupled climate model. We also explain the underpinnings of degenerate fingerprinting, which offers early warning indicators for tipping points. Finally, we extend the OFM to the nonlinear response regime. Our analysis shows that OFM has broad applicability across diverse stochastic systems influenced by time-dependent forcings, with potential relevance to ecosystems, quantitative social sciences, and finance, among others. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The semantic component of the exact sciences: problems and possible solutions

The paper discusses the scientific aspects of the most important process in pedagogical activi ty – the process of perception, assimilation and memorization of new scientific ideas in the field of exact scienc es. It is shown that in many cases the emphasis is on the capacity of information (achieved with the help of for mulas and drawings), accuracy (the construction of mathematical models consists in a number of require ments-restrictions imposed on the studied object, which is replaced by a simplified image of it), and at the same time the semantic component, the space of meanings, remains without due attention. This state of affairs signif icantly reduces the effectiveness of the educational process. Therefore, identifying the causes of the semantic component deficiency and finding ways to overcome it is an urgent task. The paper attempts to identify some aspects of the semantic-deficient presentation of exact sciences (using the example of physics) and propose possible algorithms for providing the stated scientific facts with meanings. The complex of these algorithms proposed by the authors includes heuristic (permanent discovery of knowledge by the subject of knowledge himself) and problematic (formulation of questions answered by physics in the form of paradoxes) approaches. In particular, the issues of the meaning of pseudovectors in physics, the orbit of the Moon, the slipperiness of ice, and magnetic field lines are discussed. The author's ideas can be characterized as the development of a heu ristic and problematic approach. However, in the combination of these approaches, emergent effects arise, which can become the basis for the creation of new educational methods. The conclusions of the work on the effectiveness of combining these methods and systematically addressing the focuses of attention of students, fixed in their previous experience, can increase the effectiveness and attractiveness of the learning process for young people both in the system of secondary vocational education (SPE) and in higher education. В работе обсуждаются научные аспекты важнеи шего в педагогическои деятельности процесса – процесса восприятия, усвоения и запоминания новых научных представлении в области точных наук. Показано, что во многих случаях упор делается на емкость информации (достигаемую с помощью формул и чертежеи ), точность (построение математических моделеи заключается в ряде тре бовании -ограничении , накладываемых на изучаемыи объект, которыи заменяется упрощенным его образом), и при этом без должного внимания остается семантическая составляющая, пространство смыслов. Такое состояние дел существенно понижает эффективность учебного процесса. Поэтому вы явление причин дефицита смысловои составляющеи и поиск путеи его преодоления является актуаль нои задачеи . В работе осуществлена попытка выявить некоторые аспекты семантико-дефицитного из ложения точных наук (на примере физики) и предложить возможные алгоритмы обеспечения излагае мых научных фактов смыслами. Комплекс этих алгоритмов, предлагаемыи авторами, включает эвристическии (перманентное открытие знания самим субъектом познания) и проблемныи (формули ровка вопросов, на которые дает ответы физика, в виде парадоксов) подходы. Обсуждаются, в частно сти, вопросы о смысле псевдовекторов в физике; об орбите Луны, о скользкости льда; о силовых линиях магнитного поля. Авторские идеи могут быть охарактеризованы как развитие эвристического и про блемного подхода. Однако в комбинации упомянутых подходов возникают эмерджентные эффекты, которые могут стать основои создания новых образовательных методик. Выводы работы об эффектив ности сочетания указанных методов и системного обращения к фокусам внимания обучающихся, за крепленным в их предшествующем опыте, могут повысить эффективность и привлекательность про цесса обучения молодежи как в системе среднего профессионального образования (СПО), так и в выс шеи школе.

METHODOLOGY’S OF THE SYSTEMIC APPROACH APPLICATION TO SOLVING TYPICAL TASKS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of using a systemic approach in the processes of optimal resolution of typical problems of public administration entities. The results showed the possibility of using the specified methodology for the formation of a standard protocol for the optimal solution of typical problems of public authorities. In the work, based on the method of hierarchies, the typical problems of the activity of public authorities are singled out. A detailed correlational and functional analysis of the environment of the problems of public administration subjects and their causes was carried out. The existing applied scientific approaches to solving the problems of power activity were studied and the system approach was singled out as the main methodological tool for the complex solution of problems of this type. It has been proven that for an adequate understanding and modeling of the laws of development of complex systems and their management, it is necessary to use interdisciplinary research, which is based on a systemic approach and uses all modern scientific methods characteristic of both the humanities and exact sciences. Based on the existing methods of solving management problems, theoretical approaches to the formation of the sequence and content of solving typical problems of public authorities have been synthesized. A new vision of optimal approaches to solving problems of the specified class was formed based on an adaptive functional model of management activity. Based on a systemic approach, a meaningful algorithm for the modernization of the organizational and functional structure of public administration entities is proposed.