Quantitative Noise Analysis Research Articles

Design of Broadband CNFET LNA Based on Extracted I-V Closed-Form Equation

A procedure of extracting a closed-form user-friendly I–V equation for short channel carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) in the saturation region is presented by employing a relation between CNFET parameters meeting the experimental results. The methodology is based on the Stanford model and ballistic relation of one channel CNFET. In this regard, the ballistic relation is simplified to a closed-form I–V equation, and then, the parameters are estimated through the fitting algorithm by means of ICCAP and least square method, respectively, and the obtained equation is verified by the experimental results given in the literature. Additionally, an extended quantitative noise analysis is performed at the circuit level and the noise sources implemented in Verilog-A are added to the Stanford CNFET HSPICE model. Subsequently, with the accordance to the extracted I–V equation, a CNFET-based inductor-less broadband common-gate low noise amplifier (LNA) is designed theoretically and its results are confirmed in HSPICE based on the Stanford CNFET model, indicating a proper matching between analysis and simulation. The proposed CNFET-based LNA provides very-high-frequency bandwidth and also lower noise figure in comparison with its contemporary CMOS-based LNA, without any passive spiral inductor.

Hardware‐efficient multi‐channel digital sigma‐delta modulator

A method for implementing a hardware-efficient multi-channel digital sigma-delta modulator is presented for processing field sequential multiple inputs. Compared to a conventional one, which processes the inputs in a time-multiplexed manner without sharing integrator memory for the multiple sequential inputs, the proposed method significantly reduces the number of storage bits in the integrator memory by partially sharing the integrator memory for the inputs. Simulation results on modulator noise power spectral density and overall signal-to-noise ratio match well with those based on quantitative noise analysis.

Mining breast cancer genes with a network based noise-tolerant approach

BackgroundMining novel breast cancer genes is an important task in breast cancer research. Many approaches prioritize candidate genes based on their similarity to known cancer genes, usually by integrating multiple data sources. However, different types of data often contain varying degrees of noise. For effective data integration, it’s important to design methods that work robustly with respect to noise.ResultsGene Ontology (GO) annotations were often utilized in cancer gene mining works. However, the vast majority of GO annotations were computationally derived, thus not completely accurate. A set of genes annotated with breast cancer enriched GO terms was adopted here as a set of source data with realistic noise. A novel noise tolerant approach was proposed to rank candidate breast cancer genes using noisy source data within the framework of a comprehensive human Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. Performance of the proposed method was quantitatively evaluated by comparing it with the more established random walk approach. Results showed that the proposed method exhibited better performance in ranking known breast cancer genes and higher robustness against data noise than the random walk approach. When noise started to increase, the proposed method was able to maintained relatively stable performance, while the random walk approach showed drastic performance decline; when noise increased to a large extent, the proposed method was still able to achieve better performance than random walk did.ConclusionsA novel noise tolerant method was proposed to mine breast cancer genes. Compared to the well established random walk approach, it showed better performance in correctly ranking cancer genes and worked robustly with respect to noise within source data. To the best of our knowledge, it’s the first such effort to quantitatively analyze noise tolerance between different breast cancer gene mining methods. The sorted gene list can be valuable for breast cancer research. The proposed quantitative noise analysis method may also prove useful for other data integration efforts. It is hoped that the current work can lead to more discussions about influence of data noise on different computational methods for mining disease genes.

Quantitative noise analysis at two marble finishing plants in Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil

In Olinda there are an estimated 50 marble quarries, 3 of which are members of the stone extraction and finishing industry's state union. The objective here is to quantitatively evaluate the noise present at the workplace in two of Olinda's unionized marble quarries. The data to be analyzed was collected during December 2010, this month representing one of the four busiest months of production. The samples were collected from Tuesdays to Fridays in order to avoid irregular outcomes. Instantaneous readings were taken with the decibel meter to identify points of Noise Pressure Level (NPL) higher than Action Level (AL). Afterwards, the full procedure for the characterization of noise level with the decibel meter in order to compare the Homogeneous Exposure Group (HEG) to those with High Risk Exposure (HRE) was initiated. The noisiest sources came from humid cutting machines, marble saws and polishing equipment. The activities of cutter and polisher became classified as follows: unsafe, in a critical situation and in need of priority control for the work environment with noise level values varying from 95.0 dB(A) to 103.3 dB(A), calling for the use of ear protection during the entire work day.

Torsional Stiffness of Single Superparamagnetic Microspheres in an External Magnetic Field

We used magnetic tweezers to measure the torsional stiffness of single micrometer-sized superparamagnetic spheres as a function of the applied magnetic field. By investigating the axial fluctuations of DNA-bound microspheres, we found that considerable rotational microsphere fluctuations can occur. Quantitative noise analysis allowed us to determine the rotational stiffness of individual microspheres, which was found to saturate at high magnetic fields. The saturation can be qualitatively explained considering the properties of the magnetic nanoparticles within the microsphere. Consequences for spatial resolution limits in single-molecule magnetic tweezer experiments and usage of DNA mechanics as a sensitive probe in magnetometry are discussed.

Phase noise in capacitively coupled micromechanical oscillators

Phase noise in capacitively coupled microresonator-based oscillators is investigated. A detailed analysis of noise mixing mechanisms in the resonator is presented, and the capacitive transduction is shown to be the dominant mechanism for low-frequency 1/f-noise mixing into the carrier sidebands. Thus, the capacitively coupled micromechanical resonators are expected to be more prone to the 1/f-noise aliasing than piezoelectrically coupled resonators. The analytical work is complemented with simulations, and a highly efficient and accurate simulation method for a quantitative noise analysis in closed-loop oscillator applications is presented. Measured phase noise for a microresonator-based oscillator is found to agree with the developed analytical and simulated noise models.

Quantitative noise analysis for gene expression microarray experiments.

A major challenge in DNA microarray analysis is to effectively dissociate actual gene expression values from experimental noise. We report here a detailed noise analysis for oligonuleotide-based microarray experiments involving reverse transcription, generation of labeled cRNA (target) through in vitro transcription, and hybridization of the target to the probe immobilized on the substrate. By designing sets of replicate experiments that bifurcate at different steps of the assay, we are able to separate the noise caused by sample preparation and the hybridization processes. We quantitatively characterize the strength of these different sources of noise and their respective dependence on the gene expression level. We find that the sample preparation noise is small, implying that the amplification process during the sample preparation is relatively accurate. The hybridization noise is found to have very strong dependence on the expression level, with different characteristics for the low and high expression values. The hybridization noise characteristics at the high expression regime are mostly Poisson-like, whereas its characteristics for the small expression levels are more complex, probably due to cross-hybridization. A method to evaluate the significance of gene expression fold changes based on noise characteristics is proposed.

Pump to signal RIN transfer in Raman fiber amplifiers

We present an analytical model and measurements of the pump to signal relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer characteristics of copumped and counterpumped Raman amplifiers. We give a quantitative analysis of noise averaging from chromatic dispersion in copumped systems and from different propagation directions in counterpumped systems. It is shown that nondispersion-shifted fibers and other fibers with high dispersion between the signal and pump wavelengths give a greater potential for use in copumped Raman amplified systems.

Pump to signal RIN transfer in Raman fibre amplifiers

An analytical model and measurements of the pump to signal relative intensity noise transfer characteristics of co- and counter-pumped Raman amplifiers is presented. Quantitative analysis of noise averaging from chromatic dispersion in co-pumped systems, and from different propagation directions in counter-pumped systems is given.

Quantitative noise analysis in a modern hospital.

Quantitative noise analysis of a general surgical ward in a modern hospital showed that the level of noise was in excess of recommended levels and of sufficient intensity to disturb sleep. Individual noises in excess of 50 dB(A) were recorded in every area at all times of the day. Internal hospital sounds were responsible for most noise; staff and audible warning devices were the main sources of noise over 70 dB(A). Octave waveband analysis showed that both the general ward noise and the noise of the air conditioning were in excess of recommended levels.

Combined effects of noise and ototoxic drugs.

Research ArticleOpen AccessCombined effects of noise and ototoxic drugs. S A Falk S A Falk Search for more papers by this author Published:1 October 1972https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.72025Cited by:16AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Altuncu E, Akman I, Kulekci S, Akdas F, Bilgen H and Ozek E (2009) Noise levels in neonatal intensive care unit and use of sound absorbing panel in the isolette, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.03.013, 73:7, (951-953), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2009. Philbin M, Robertson A and Hall J (2008) Recommended Permissible Noise Criteria for Occupied, Newly Constructed or Renovated Hospital Nurseries, Advances in Neonatal Care, 10.1097/01.ANC.0000337267.47599.80, 8:Supplement, (S11-S15), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008. Warren I (2002) Facilitating infant adaptation: the nursery environment, Seminars in Neonatology, 10.1053/siny.2002.0151, 7:6, (459-467), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2002. Kahn D, Cook T, Carlisle C, Nelson D, Kramer N and Millman R (1998) Identification and Modification of Environmental Noise in an ICU Setting, Chest, 10.1378/chest.114.2.535, 114:2, (535-540), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1998. Berens R and Weigle C (1995) Noise Measurements During High-Frequency Oscillatory and Conventional Mechanical Ventilation, Chest, 10.1378/chest.108.4.1026, 108:4, (1026-1029), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1995. Biley F (1994) Effects of noise in hospitals, British Journal of Nursing, 10.12968/bjon.1994.3.3.110, 3:3, (110-113), Online publication date: 10-Feb-1994. Anagnostakis D and Messaritakis J (1990) Hearing loss in high-risk neonates, The Journal of Pediatrics, 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82902-6, 116:2, (316), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1990. Aitken R (1982) Quantitative Noise Analysis in a Modern Hospital, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 10.1080/00039896.1982.10667592, 37:6, (361-364), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1982. Jacobson J and Mencher G (1981) Intensive care nursery noise and its influence on newborn hearing screening, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 10.1016/0165-5876(81)90018-5, 3:1, (45-54), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1981. Ciesielski S, Kopka J and Kidawa B (1980) Incubator noise and vibration — Possible iatrogenic influence on neonate, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 10.1016/0165-5876(80)90005-1, 1:4, (309-316), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1980. Comis S and Leng G (1980) Kanamycin ototoxicity and pigmentation in the guinea pig, Hearing Research, 10.1016/0378-5955(80)90051-9, 3:3, (249-251), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1980. Brown J, Brummett R, Meikle M and Vernon J (2009) Combined Effects of Noise and Neomycin:Cochlear Changes in the Guinea Pig, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 10.3109/00016487809124761, 86:1-6, (394-400), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1978. Brown J, Brummett R, Meikle M and Vernon J (2009) Combined Effects of Noise and Neomycin: Cochlear Changes in the Guinea Pig, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 10.3109/00016487809107518, 86:5-6, (394-400), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1978. Bennett T, Morgan R, Murphy P and Eddy L (2013) Temporary threshold shifts in auditory sensitivity produced by the combined effects of noise and sodium salicylate, Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 10.3758/BF03329638, 12:2, (95-98), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1978. Quick C (2016) Hearing Loss in Patients with Dialysis and Renal Transplants, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 10.1177/000348947608500607, 85:6, (776-790), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1976. Vidyasagar D, Joseph M and Hamilton L (1976) Noise levels in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Journal of Pediatrics, 10.1016/S0022-3476(76)80741-X, 88:1, (115), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1976. Vol. 2October 1972Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 October 1972Published in print1 October 1972 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.