Quantitative Inventory Research Articles

Energy, water, and protein folding: A molecular dynamics-based quantitative inventory of molecular interactions and forces that make proteins stable.

Protein folding energetics can be determined experimentally on a case-by-case basis but it is not understood in sufficient detail to provide deep control in protein design. The fundamentals of protein stability have been outlined by calorimetry, protein engineering, and biophysical modeling, but these approaches still face great difficulty in elucidating the specific contributions of the intervening molecules and physical interactions. Recently, we have shown that the enthalpy and heat capacity changes associated to the protein folding reaction can be calculated within experimental error using molecular dynamics simulations of native protein structures and their corresponding unfolded ensembles. Analyzing in depth molecular dynamics simulations of four model proteins (CI2, barnase, SNase, and apoflavodoxin), we dissect here the energy contributions to ΔH (a key component of protein stability) made by the molecular players (polypeptide and solvent molecules) and physical interactions (electrostatic, van der Waals, and bonded) involved. Although the proteins analyzed differ in length, isoelectric point and fold class, their folding energetics is governed by the same quantitative pattern. Relative to the unfolded ensemble, the native conformations are enthalpically stabilized by comparable contributions from protein-protein and solvent-solvent interactions, and almost equally destabilized by interactions between protein and solvent molecules. The native protein surface seems to interact better with water than the unfolded one, but this is outweighed by the unfolded surface being larger. From the perspective of physical interactions, the native conformations are stabilized by van de Waals and Coulomb interactions and destabilized by conformational strain arising from bonded interactions. Also common to the four proteins, the sign of the heat capacity change is set by interactions between protein and solvent molecules or, from the alternative perspective, by Coulomb interactions.

Spatial distribution and classification of Algerian meteorites: Qualitative and quantitative inventory

This paper deals with statistical classification of the Algerian meteorites, based on the Metbull database, as well as their distribution in space and time. The Algerian-recognized meteorites number 1,230, six of which are observed falls. All types and classes are represented, ranging from ordinary chondrites to rare achondrites.Among the most scientifically significant meteorite types, are the carbonaceous chondrites, in particular: (a) Acfer 059 that yields an age of 4,564.7 ± 0.6 Ma; (b) Acfer 086 which is a ‘CV3’ type that contains the molecule hemolithin which is similar to terrestrial proteins; (c) Acfer 094 (found in 1990), which is a C2-ungrouped type that is considered as the oldest known meteorite containing pre-solar grains; and (d) NWA 2,364 which is also a ‘CV3’ type meteorite that yields an age of 4,568.2 Ma, and contains predominantly of CAIs (calcium-aluminum inclusions).Other undifferentiated achondrites of a primitive type and the asteroidal HED meteorites have also been identified. Among the iron meteorites, two specimens (Zeghamra and Tamentit) display a mass of several hundreds of kilograms. Erg Chech “EC002” is considered as the oldest of the solar system with an age of 5,668 Ma. The SNC-type Martian meteorites comprise ten recognized specimens, whilst the lunar meteorites, such as the Issaouane-n-Irrarrene 001, are the latest to be found. Using all recognized Algerian meteorites, a distribution map is established based on the Metbull database. Chronological evolution of both the number of finds in the Acfer stranding field, and the number of finds in Algeria since 1864, is discussed. In addition to meteorites, Algeria hosts four hypervelocity impact structures, namely: Amguid, Talemzane-Maadna, Ouarkziz, and Tin Bider.

A dataset of zooplankton occurrence, abundance, and biomass in the Far East seas and adjacent Pacific Ocean waters.

Planktonic animals drifting or floating in the sea have small body sizes and weights from hundreds to thousands of milligrams, and are primarily the food for other zooplankton and macrofauna: fish, cephalopods, seabirds and marine mammals, and also the larval pool of many benthic invertebrates. This paper describes a unique dataset of zooplankton collected from 1984 to 2013 in the North Pacific (the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan and adjacent Pacific Ocean waters), one of the most productive and economically important regions of the world's oceans using a Juday net made of kapron sieve No. 49 (0.168 mm mesh) with a 0.1 m2 opening. The information in this dataset has already been used to quantify the inventory of marine biological resources and assess the waters of the Russian Far Eastern seas and adjacent Pacific Ocean. In 2016, five tabular reference books were printed in Russian in limited numbers containing the species composition, occurrence (number and percentage of samples), abundance and biomass (in individuals per cubic meter, milligrams per cubic meter) of zooplankton in the surveyed area. The data are grouped by species, developmental stages, size fractions (animal length of 0.6-1.2 mm "fine/small," 1.2-3.2 mm "medium" and >3.2 mm "large"), standard regions (their total area is more than 6 million km2 ), vertical layers of water, light and dark time of the day, four seasons of the year and multiyear periods, in which there were considerable changes in the biota of the region caused by global climate and oceanographic factors. This information has recently been verified, corrected, translated into English, transformed from text to digital format, and supplemented by GIS with maps of the standard regions by which data were aggregated using morphometric parameters (volume of water in cubic kilometers in the region, in its epipelagic 0-200 m, and upper epipelagic 0-50 m water layers, occupied area in square kilometers, longitude and latitude of their centroids in decimal degrees) to increase their availability to the scientific community worldwide. The data enable the evaluation of the total plankton stock of the Russian Far Eastern seas in the North Pacific (in trillions of specimens and thousands of tons), recalculate the volumetric characteristics of density into areal characteristics (in billions of specimens per square kilometer or tons per square kilometer), and, using previously published tables on calorific value and chemical composition of zooplankton, obtain their energy characteristics. Such data are crucial for the proper management of marine resources, aquaculture development, nature conservation, and the assessment of the anthropogenic impact on nature. The presented metadata provide a detailed description of how this unique dataset was created, sources and volume of gathered information, its benefits and drawbacks, some results on the quantitative inventory of marine biological resources and assessment of waters in the North Pacific, and future prospects for the use of this type of dataset in applied and fundamental research. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications.

Distribution and trophic functioning of planktonic communities in coastal marshes in Atlantic Coast of France

Coastal marshes are submitted to huge management due to anthropogenic pressure and thus, it is essential to preserve their biodiversity, their ecological functions and the ecosystem services they can provide. This study investigates the diversity and abundance of planktonic communities (heterotrophic prokaryotes, heterotrophic protists, microphytoplankton and metazooplankton). The aim of this study is to provide a first quantitative inventory on the plankton communities present in two marshes and to construct the different typologies of planktonic food webs in these marshes. Seasonal samplings (4) for environmental variables, nutrient concentrations and planktonic communities were conducted at 2–3 stations on each marsh during a year. A total of five different types of planktonic food web were determined, three of them were found in both marshes. The saltmarsh phytoplanktonic communities were dominated by Cryptophyta, nanoflagellates and Cyanobacteria. The freshwater marsh was dominated by Cryptophyta in autumn and winter and by a diverse phytoplankton community in spring. Marine copepods (Calanoida and Harpacticoida) characterized the saltwater metazooplanktonic communities, Cladocerans and Rotifera the freshwater ones. Overall, the planktonic diversity was higher in the freshwater marsh (102 taxa) than in the saltwater marsh (54 taxa).Phytoplankton blooms represented nutrient and CO2 uptake in both marshes and this purification function seemed most efficient in autumn in the saltmarsh. Considerable zooplankton communities represented a potential for nursery. Of the three management actions performed, only periodic water renewals might affect the seasonal dynamics of planktonic communities.

Workplace Bullying against Certified Registered Anaesthetists in the Tamale Metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana

Background: Workplace bullying is a major occupational hazard globally with negative consequences on employee health and organizational performance. Workplace bullying has significant implications for quality care delivery and care outcomes.
 Aim: We sought to investigate the nature and occurrence of workplace bullying and its effects on the health and job performance of Certified Registered Anaesthetists (CRAs) in the Tamale Metropolitan area of the Northern Region of Ghana. The characteristics of workplace bullying against CRAs included assigning unpleasant and menial tasks, spontaneous anger, hostilities, intimidation, unmanageable workload and threats of physical violence or actual abuse.
 Methodology: The study was conducted at Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH), the largest referral hospital in northern Ghana. Data was collected from Certified Registered Anaesthetists, doctors, nurses, and hospital administrators, using interviews, questionnaires, and observations.
 Results: Prevalence of workplace bullying was 56.5% by quantitative inventory and 74.2% by subjective inventory. Also 40.3% of participants had witnessed bullying against a CRA often and 75.3% had suffered physical and psychological effects from bullying, 16.1% were off-duty between 1-20 days within the last 6 months as a result of bullying.
 Conclusion: The study concluded there is a high prevalence of workplace bullying against CRAs in the Tamale Metropolis with psychological and physical consequences on the victims that could affect quality patient care, care outcomes and loss of man-hours at work. It is recommended that workplace policy and worker education be undertaken by the metropolitan health directorate to urgently address the issue of workplace bullying.

Geodiversity of Kingdom of Morocco: Tata Province geomorphosites inventory for creating a geopark project (Anti-Atlas)

The geodiversity of the Kingdom of Morocco being very varied and known, remains entirely unexplored despite the efforts made by specialists to encourage its recognition. The famous sites represent only a tiny part of its true geological heritage, compared to its long geological and geomorphological history. We present different aspects of the geodiversity of Morocco kingdom, recalling the previous works in this direction and then, we focus on Tata Province, western part of the Anti Atlas, in through largely unknown examples. A preliminary and quantitative inventory of geomorphosites is presented to identify 46 sites. They are tectonic, fluvial, climatic etc. Such a heritage encourages the local government to take the initiative of creating a geopark project on this territory called Tata Geopark, in order to achieve the sustainable development goals.

Students’ Predominant Learning Style in EFL Writing Class

Many studies had examined writing strategies in ESL context. However, very few studies examined writing strategies by university students within foreign language learning contexts in Indonesia. Considering that reason, the researcher conducts a survey in EFL context focusing on writing strategies mostly used by 126 students enrolled in essay writing class. This study was conducted by using quantitative method, survey design, and English Writing Strategies Inventory (EWSI) questionnaire as the instruments. The result of this study shows that the predominant learning style of the students are determining the purpose and reading some materials related to the topic before start to write, checking the logical flow through paragraph when writing, and reviewing the writing to look for and correct grammatical errors after writing. It also found that the tendency of students to use EWSI is categorized as high since the frequency of strategy use in each category is high.

Can remote work during COVID-19 pandemic strengthen the link between workload and workaholism?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the way of doing work for the relationship between workload and workaholism during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 668 employees working in different Lithuanian organizations participated in a study. A sample included employees who worked in the workplace (n = 331), as well as those who worked completely from home (n = 337). The levels of workaholism were measured using DUWAS-10 (Schaufeli et al., 2009). Workload was assessed with the help of the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI; Spector & Jex, 1998). It was revealed in a study that the higher levels of workload experienced by employees were related to the increased workaholism. It was further found that the positive relationship between workload and worka­holism was stronger in the group of complete remote workers. Overall, the findings support the idea that remote work is an important variable increasing a risk for workaholism especially for those employees who experience a heavy workload. Therefore, the ways of doing work must be considered when addressing well-being of employees.

Inventory of land snails from the Kebir Rhumel basin, northeast of Algeria

ABSTRACT This study constitutes a first attempt at a qualitative and quantitative inventory of land snails from the Kebir-Rhumel basin, in the northeast of Algeria. Sampling was carried out by hand from February to March in 2018 and 2019. Live snails and shells were collected from 30 stations along wadi banks. Identification followed the most recent specialized taxonomic literature and revisions. A total of 6531 specimens were collected, representing 25 species: Tudorella sulcata (Draparnaud, 1805), Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758), Rumina saharica (Pallary, 1901), Ferussacia carnea (Risso, 1826), Ferussacia folliculum (Schröter, 1784), Mauronapaeus terverii (Dupotet in E. A. Forbes, 1838), Mastus pupa (Linnaeus, 1758), Cantareus cf. koraegaelius (Bourguignat in Locard, 1882), Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774), Cornu sp., Eobania constantina (E. Forbes, 1838), Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774), Helix melanostoma (Draparnaud, 1801), Massylaea massylaea (Morelet, 1851), Cernuella cf. virgata (da Costa, 1778), Cochlicella acuta (O. F. Müller, 1774), Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758), Trochoidea pyramidata (Draparnaud, 1805), Xerosecta cespitum (Draparnaud, 1801), Xerosecta sp., Ganula flava (Terver, 1839), Sphincterochila candidissima (Draparnaud, 1801), Sphincterochila otthiana (E. Forbes, 1838), Sphincterochila sp. and Caracollina lenticula (Michaud, 1831). Typical specimens are illustrated and described with a detailed report of their distribution along the basin’s wadis.

Diversity and abundance of terrestrial gastropods in Skikda region (North-East Algeria): correlation with soil physicochemical factors

BackgroundThe inventory process is the first method to protect and safeguard animal biodiversity. This study carries out a quantitative and qualitative inventory of terrestrial gastropods at three sites in Skikda province (north-eastern Algeria). The relationship between terrestrial gastropod diversity and soil physicochemical factors was investigated using statistical analyses.ResultsThe inventory data reveals the presence of four families and eight species showing varied predominance rates of Cornu aspersum species according to each site in the city of Skikda (Azzaba 53.88%; Ben-Azzouz 56.12%; El-Hadaiek 37.92%). The maximal specific richness was registered in the El-Hadaiek site (seven species), and the highest mean richness was noted in the Ben-Azzouz site (392 individuals). Of the eight gastropod species identified, three species (Cornu aspersum, Cantareus apertus and Rumina decollate) were classified as constant species. The Shannon–Weaver diversity and equitability indices vary by site.ConclusionThe presence of certain species in one site and their absence in other sites, as well as the variation in ecological indices, could be attributed to the effect of soil-physicochemical factors.

Assessment of the ecological status of the rivers of the city of Douala from Macrophyte communities: Case of Kondi and Tongo Bassa

Observations made in rivers of Douala showed that aquatic ecosystems receive little attention in terms of their environmental monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological status of Kondi and Tongo Bassa rivers at from their communities of macrophytes. Specifically, it was question to evaluate the physicochemestry environment of these rivers as well as the diversity of the macrophyte species. Then, the physicochemestry parameters were measured (about 50cm deep) between 08am and 11am. Concerning characterization of macrophytes, 03 transects of 400m length each were materialized. Then, 201 quadrats of 1m2 were realised to make a specific and quantitative inventory. The listed species were assigned an Abundance-dominance coefficient. Then, the diversity and resemblance indices, the abundance index, the average recovery, the Shannon index and the Piélou equitability index, the Sorensen similarity coefficient, the Shannon index and the Piélou equitability index were analysed. According to results, ammonia, orthophosphates and nitrates particularly influence the distribution of macrophytes in the Kondi and the Tongo Bassa rivers. These parameters show that the water include high organic matter loads indicating organic pollution. In addition, the plant communities encountered in these rivers were relatively rich, diversify and distributed according to a decreasing gradation of mineralization and trophy. Also, the Piélou index in these rivers was generally below 0.55 reflecting poorly diversified waters. Finally, the structure of the macrophyte reveals that it was generally dominated by a few species, including the Poaceae particulary Pennisetum purpureum species, characteristic of eutrophic environments.

Lake surface changes of the Osa River catchment, (northern Poland), 1900–2010

ABSTRACT The study objective was to prepare a quantitative inventory of lakes and to assess their long-term changes. The research area included the Osa river basin (northern Poland), which is located in a lake district. The research was based on historical cartographic materials published in 1900-1947 (German 1:25,000 ‘Messtischblatt’ topographic maps) and modern topographic maps from 2010 (The 1:50,000 Digital Map of the Hydrographic Division of Poland [MPHP]. The number of lakes increased from 173 to 235, while the total surface area of the lakes fell by 107.55 ha. The largest number of lakes belonged to the 1.0-5.0 ha range on both MPHP and Messtischblatt maps. It was in this range that the largest increase in number of lakes and lake area relative to the historical maps was found. A significant reduction in area of lakes was recorded in the group of lakes with an area from 50 to 100 ha.

ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA DE UMA AVENIDA NA ZONA NORTE DE SANTARÉM, PA

A análise da arborização urbana é um elemento fundamental para o planejamento apropriado da arborização de vias públicas e, no município de Santarém, estado do Pará, estudos com esse intuito ainda são escassos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e caracterizar a arborização urbana da Avenida Mendonça Furtado, a fim de subsidiar futuros programas de monitoramento e manejo das plantas nas vias públicas. Para isso, foi realizado um inventário quali-quantitativo completo, no qual foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: espécie, diâmetro à altura do peito a 1,3 m do solo (cm), diâmetro de copa (m), altura total (m), posição da copa, sanidade da copa, posição do indivíduo, sanidade do fuste, posição da raiz, fiação e manejo. Foram inventariados 220 indivíduos, pertencentes a 15 espécies e a oito famílias. As espécies mais comuns foram: Handroanthus serratifolius; Mangifera indica; Andira inermis e Azadirachta indica. Apurou-se que a arborização é composta por 46,6% de espécies nativas e 53,3% de espécies exóticas. Cerca de 30% das árvores apresentaram conflitos com a fiação, indicando a necessidade de ações de manejo. Os sistemas radiculares da maioria dos indivíduos não causaram danos às estruturas urbanas e não sofreram problemas fitossanitários. Para uma arborização urbana ideal, deve ser criado um plano de manejo, obedecendo a critérios para se ter uma arborização adequada e atendendo as exigências da população.

A quantitative inventory of yeast P body proteins reveals principles of composition and specificity.

P bodies are archetypal biomolecular condensates that concentrate proteins and RNA without a surrounding membrane. While dozens of P body proteins are known, the concentrations of components in the compartment have not been measured. We used live cell imaging to generate a quantitative inventory of the major proteins in yeast P bodies. Only seven proteins are highly concentrated in P bodies (5.1-15µM); the 24 others examined are appreciably lower (most ≤ 2.6µM). P body concentration correlates inversely with cytoplasmic exchange rate. Sequence elements driving Dcp2 concentration into P bodies are distributed across the protein and act synergistically. Our data indicate that P bodies, and probably other condensates, are compositionally simpler than suggested by proteomic analyses, with implications for specificity, reconstitution and evolution.

A importância de unidades de conservação na proteção de aves da floresta atlântica frente à fragmentação

Due to the few studies in ornithology in the gleba menor of the Sassafras and Canela Preta Biological, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of these Units for the preservation of forest birds. In the field, a monthly quantitative inventory was carried out, covering all seasons and periods of the day. The specimens were identified by sonic and visual evidences using a 7 X 35 mm binocular. The displacement in each area was one hour, carried out by walking at a constant speed (± 3.0 km / h) on pre-existing tracks, covering the largest area and possible environments. For each unit with the area and perimeter values, the form factor was calculated. With a sample effort of 65 and 71 hours of observation for the Canela Preta Biological Reserve and for the gleba menor, it was possible to record 182 and 190 species respectively. The richness in the areas can be considered high when compared to the richness in the greater area in the Sassafras Rebio (3,840 ha), where 237 species were registered. Among the species are those considered endemic, which for the two areas add up to 84 species, such as Lipaugus lanioides (Lesson, 1844). It was possible to record the presence of species characteristic of altitudes such as: Pyrrhocoma ruficeps (Strickland, 1844). Among species of conservation interest we have Amazona vinacea (Kuhl, 1820) considered threatened (EN). The most representative species was the Critically Endangered (CR) Primolius maracana (Vieillot, 1816). For the shape factor we obtained values of 0.21 (Sassafras) and 0.18 (Canela-Preta). Values less than 1 indicate a more circular area and, consequently, less edge effect. From the above, it is evident the importance of these protected areas  for the conservation of bird species against the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina.

Invariable stoichiometry of ribosomal proteins in mouse brain tissues with aging

Across phyla, the ribosomes-the central molecular machines for translation of genetic information-exhibit an overall preserved architecture and a conserved functional core. The natural heterogeneity of the ribosome periodically phases a debate on their functional specialization and the tissue-specific variations of the ribosomal protein (RP) pool. Using sensitive differential proteomics, we performed a thorough quantitative inventory of the protein composition of ribosomes from 3 different mouse brain tissues, i.e., hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum, across various ages, i.e., juvenile, adult, and middle-aged mouse groups. In all 3 brain tissues, in both monosomal and polysomal ribosome fractions, we detected an invariant set of 72 of 79 core RPs, RACK1 and 2 of the 8 RP paralogs, the stoichiometry of which remained constant across different ages. The amount of a few RPs punctually varied in either one tissue or one age group, but these fluctuations were within the tight bounds of the measurement noise. Further comparison with the ribosomes from a high-metabolic-rate organ, e.g., the liver, revealed protein composition identical to that of the ribosomes from the 3 brain tissues. Together, our data show an invariant protein composition of ribosomes from 4 tissues across different ages of mice and support the idea that functional heterogeneity may arise from factors other than simply ribosomal protein stoichiometry.

Proteomic analysis of uterine fluid of fertile and subfertile hens before and after insemination.

Avian uterine fluid (UF) and uterovaginal sperm storage tubules (SST) are key components in accepting sperm in SST, maintaining sperm function for several weeks, releasing sperm from SST and their ascent through the uterus. To improve the understanding of sperm storage processes requires investigating UF and SST. This study aimed to identify proteins modulated by sperm in the hen's genital tract and to highlight their role during sperm storage. Two genetic lines of hens exhibiting long (F+) or short (F-) sperm storage ability were used. GeLC MS/MS analysis was used to establish a quantitative inventory of proteins regulated after insemination in both lines. The proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013514. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify high (ANXA4/ANXA5/OCX32) and low (HSPA8/PIGR) fertility markers in the uterovaginal junction. Our results demonstrated that sperm induced a significant and rapid change in the UF proteomic content and also in the SST epithelium. In F+ hens, mobilization of the ANXA4 protein in the apical part of SST cells after insemination was associated with increased levels of some proteoglycans and binding proteins, and also antimicrobial eggshell matrix protein (OCX32) in the UF. We also observed increased levels of lipid transporters involved in egg formation (VTG1-2, APOA1-4-H). In F- hens, insemination induced increased levels of PIGR in both UF and SST, of ANXA5 in SST, of UF enzymes exhibiting metallopeptidase activity and mucins. In conclusion, sperm induced significant changes in the UF proteomic content. This study also provides evidence that the SST immune system plays a major role in regulating sperm storage.

Quantitative Inventory of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and Physicochemical Analysis of Aquatic Habitats in the Region of Fez, Morocco.

Mosquitoes occupy a major health problem, as a potential vector for the transmission of many pathogens, the most important of which in Morocco are Plasmodium parasites and West Nile fever virus. Acquiring knowledge about the biotypology of these mosquitoes is an essential step in any control strategy. Thus, the objective of this study is to draw up an inventory of the culicidian fauna in the Fez region (North-central part of Morocco) and to determine the physicochemical parameters influencing the production of mosquito larvae of aquatic habitats in this area. Mosquito larvae of the extant biotopes were sampled every two months between November 2015 and December 2016, by means of the "dipping" method. The physicochemical parameters of the various larval biotopes were collected six times during the year of follow-up. Mosquito species were identified using morphological criteria. The results were analyzed using ecological indices and the generalized linear model (Poisson model) on R software. The identification of the 1,122 mosquito larvae collected from the various studied breeding areas revealed the presence of 11 species belonging to two subfamilies (Culicinae and Anophelinae) and five genera (Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Aedes, and Uranotaenia). Anopheles were observed in small numbers in permanent, stagnant, and shallow habitats. The larvae of An. maculipennis s. l. (major vector of malaria in Morocco) were collected. Culex larvae, especially Cx. pipiens (the main vector of WNV in Morocco), were collected in the majority of the larval habitats and on the different types of environments. Two other species of Culex, which plays a significant role in the transmission of WNV, were also collected, particularly, Cx. perexiguus and Cx. theileri. The results found, via this first study of its kind at the regional level, also made it possible to update the list of Culicidae species reported in the Fez region. Four new species have been recorded: Aedes flavescens, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culiseta longiareolata, and Culex perexiguus. The results of this study will contribute to the provision of information for entomological surveillance and to better plan and guide vector control activities at local and national levels.

SPACIAL INDEXES AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF ITANHAÉM, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Many managers have studied the afforestation as a mitigating tool for the problems caused by urbanization, since the specific knowledge of each municipality is fundamental for proper planning in relation to the species used, the number of trees and the location in the municipality. The present research had the objective of evaluating the spatial and biological diversity indexes of the road arborization of the city of Itanhaém - SP. For the accomplishment of the research, a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the arborization was done to obtain the coverage indices and tree density, index of full occupation, current occupation and the deficit of afforestation and the performance index of the species. There is 1 tree for each 100 m² of sidewalk in the municipality, 2.35% of the sidewalks are covered by the crown of the trees and the municipality presents only 21.1% of the ideal afforestation. The municipality had a high diversity index of Shannon H '= 3.45 and Simpson dominance λ = 0.082. The native species with the best performance index was Schinus terebinthifolius. Although there are species diversity in the municipality, the current situation demonstrates the scarcity of trees, indicating the need for intensification in the planting of trees in the road system.

Quantitative Inventory of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and Physicochemical Analysis of Aquatic Habitats in the Region of Fez, Morocco

Quantitative Inventory of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and Physicochemical Analysis of Aquatic Habitats in the Region of Fez, Morocco