Quantitative Experimental Design Research Articles

Pengaruh Model Teams Games Tournament Berbantu Media Ethno-Puzzle terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA Siswa Kelas V

This study aims to analyze the effect of applying the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by Ethno-Puzzle media in understanding the science concept of fifth grade students at SDN Clering 01 Jepara. This study used a quantitative experimental research design, namely the one group pretest-posttest design. This design is a pre-experimental development with data collection obtained from observation, concept understanding tests and documentation. The place of this research will be carried out in class V SD Clering. The sample in this study were 20 students using a saturated sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the statistical score of the paired sample t test shows that there is a difference in the pretest average value of 54 while the posttest average value is 81.10 and the Paired Sample T-Test hypothesis test score with Stg. (2-tailed) i.e. 0.000 <0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so that the Teams Game Tournament (TGT) assisted by Ethno-Puzzle media influences the understanding of the concept of science in fifth grade students at SDN Clering 01 Jepara.

Efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Outdoor Study Berbantu Media Audiovisual untuk Meningkatkan Hasil dan Minat Belajar Siswa

The study's objectives were to compare the outcomes of students' science learning prior to and following the use of audiovisual media and to investigate the effect of the Outdoor Study model on students' interest in learning. The Pre-Experimental Design with the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design model is this quantitative experimental research design. Using a student learning interest questionnaire, the written test method generates objective data in the form of multiple choice and non-test data. Class IV SDN Tanjunganom 01 will serve as the setting for this investigation. The saturated sample method was used to collect samples from all twenty fourth-grade students in this study. In accordance with the findings of this study, the Paired Sample T-Test hypothesis test score with a Stg.(2-tailed) value of 0.000 0.05 indicates that the Outdoor Study model is supported by the influence of audiovisual media on class student interests. To pursue a career in science, IV SDN Tanjunganom 01 received an average score of 73 on the post-test and 55 on the pre-test.The N-Gain test, on the other hand, had an average value of 0.58, indicating a moderate increase in the criteria for improving student learning outcomes following treatment. The percentage of N-Gain scores is 58%, indicating that the interpretation of the effectiveness of the Outdoor Study learning model supported by audiovisual media can be categorized as quite effective in increasing students' understanding of science concepts.

Implicit Gender Bias in the Clinical Judgment of Psychopathy and Personality Disorders among Licensed Psychologists in the USA

The role of implicit gender bias in the assessment of mental disorders remains a contentious and consequential issue. Inaccurate assessment of psychopathy and personality disorders (PD) among health care professionals can have deleterious consequences with respect to treatment access and planning, as well as legal decision making within forensic settings. Using a quantitative cross-sectional experimental design, 180 licensed psychologists from the USA were recruited via email using non-probability convenience sampling. Implicit gender bias was measured by randomly assigning participants to one of two experimental conditions (i.e., male vs. female pronoun case vignette). While adjusted logistic regression models confirmed significant associations between gender pronoun of case vignette and clinical judgment of PDs, this was not supported for psychopathy. Licensed psychologists were significantly more likely to render a judgment of borderline PD in the female, compared to the male, gender pronoun condition. Conversely, they were significantly more likely to render a judgment of antisocial PD in the male, compared to the female, gender pronoun condition. These findings suggest that despite progress in the understanding of gender role behaviors, personality disorders, and clinical training protocols, implicit gender bias persists among licensed psychologists in the USA.

The Use of Subtitled Video Animation To Improve Students Vocabulary At Ban Erawan School Thailand

The purpose of this research is to examine how students utilize animated video subtitles to increase their English vocabulary and reading comprehension. This study used a quantitative experimental design using class VI research participants. The participants in this research were all Ban Erawan School pupils, a total of 32 persons. The three steps of data collecting are pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The data from this research will be evaluated to see whether the experimental and control groups yield substantially different outcomes. The experimental class received animated movies with captions, but the control class did not. Initially, pupils in both grades received a pre-test. The experimental class was then given therapy, and the pupils completed the post-test. The study of the collected data results in the following conclusions: 1) Animated video media with subtitles has a considerable influence on pupils' English vocabulary and reading development. 2) Students' reading of animated films with subtitles receives a substantial score, precisely 0.05. 3) The difference in the average value of vocabulary learning outcomes for experimental class students is 77.18, whereas the control class is 55.62. while the results of learning to read experimental class students as much as 71.87 for the control class as much as 62.81. The conclusion that animated video media with subtitles has a significant increase in the vocabulary mastery of elementary school students is reached based on the data examination conducted.

Comparison between Olympic Weightlifting Lifts and Derivatives for External Load and Fatigue Monitoring.

Load management is an extremely important subject in fatigue control and adaptation processes in almost all sports. In Olympic Weightlifting (OW), two of the load variables are intensity and volume. However, it is not known if all exercises produce fatigue of the same magnitude. Thus, this study aimed to compare the fatigue prompted by the Clean and Jerk and the Snatch and their derivative exercises among male and female participants, respectively. We resorted to an experimental quantitative design in which fatigue was induced in adult individuals with weightlifting experience of at least two years through the execution of a set of 10 of the most used lifts and derivatives in OW (Snatch, Snatch Pull, Muscle Snatch, Power Snatch, and Back Squat; Clean and Jerk, Power Clean, Clean, High Hang Clean, and Hang Power Clean). Intensity and volume between exercises were equalized (four sets of three repetitions), after which one Snatch Pull test was performed where changes in velocity, range of motion, and mean power were assessed as fatigue measures. Nine women and twelve men participated in the study (age, 29.67 ± 5.74 years and 28.17 ± 5.06 years, respectively). The main results showed higher peak velocity values for the Snatch Pull test when compared with Power Snatch (p = 0.008; ES = 0.638), Snatch (p < 0.001; ES = 0.998), Snatch Pull (p < 0.001, ES = 0.906), and Back Squat (p < 0.001; ES = 0.906) while the differences between the Snatch Pull test and the derivatives of Clean and Jerk were almost nonexistent. It is concluded that there were differences in the induction of fatigue between most of the exercises analyzed and, therefore, coaches and athletes could improve the planning of training sessions by accounting for the fatigue induced by each lift.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POP UP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATERI IPS KELAS V SD NEGERI 12 KAYUAGUNG

Abstrack : Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Pop Up Terhadap Hasil Belajar Materi IPS Kelas V SDN 12 Kayuagung The Purpose of this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of pop-up learning media on the learning outcomes of class V social studies at SD Negeri 12 Kayuagung. The population is 42 students of class V. With a sample of 30 randomly selected, namely class V.A and class V.B. The method in this study is a quantitative experimental design, namely a true experimental design with a test only posttest design. Hypothesis testing using t-test Independent sample t-test. After doing the posttest test for social studies material, the experimental class got a score percentage of 73% and the control class got a score of 20%. The control class and the experimental class had a 53% increase in value. through t-test Independent sample t-test obtained sig (2-tailed) results, namely 0.000 ≤ 0.025 significant value. So it can be concluded that the results of learning using Pop Up media can affect the learning outcomes of fifth grade students, especially in social studies learning materials.

Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Level of Knowledge Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among Adults at Lembalakudi, Pudukkottai

Introduction: Diabetes is one of major types of noncommunicable diseases. It is a chronic condition that occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it does produce and which effect early age of life and lack of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus. The main purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of pre-diabetes and level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among adults at Lembalakuti, Pudukkottai. Methods: Quantitative experimental posttest-only design was adopted for this study. The tool used for the study was Indian diabetic risk score and structured questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge upon diabetes mellitus. Sample for the study was recognized based on inclusion criteria selected by non-probability of purposive sampling. A total of 60 adult data’s were collected to find out the prevalence of pre-diabetes and from this 60 sample only 30 samples were participated in planned teaching programme and gave their post-test. Conducted the planned teaching program regarding diabetes mellitus and post-test knowledge was assessed. Result: Regarding prevalence of pre- diabetic show that majority of adult had a moderate level of risk 50% and towards level of knowledge in post-test had 6.66% had inadequate knowledge and 30% had moderate level of knowledge and 63.3% adequate level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: This study concludes that the planned teaching program plays a vital role in increasing the knowledge among adults on diabetes mellitus. The investigator assures that, every participant who have been taken part in this study will perform a greater part in promoting health and preventing illness. Keywords: prevalence, knowledge, diabetes mellitus.

A Narrative Review of Eye-tracking Research on Self-regulated Learning from Multimedia Learning Materials in Higher Education

This study provides a narrative review of current eye-tracking research on self-regulated learning from multimedia learning materials in higher education. The main aim of the review is to explore how eye tracking is used in self-regulated learning research when learning from multimedia materials in university students. Other specific aims were established: 1) to identify what self-regulated learning processes are explored with eye tracking while learning from multimedia materials, 2) to determine what methods are used to explore self-regulated learning processes with eye tracking, 3) to find what structures and stimuli are used in eye-tracking experiments when studying self-regulated learning processes, and 4) to investigate what eye-tracking metrics are used to study self-regulated learning processes in learning from multimedia materials. To accomplish these aims, we analyzed 11 empirical studies published between 2012 and 2021. The results show that 1) current studies focus on self-regulated learning processes, such as judgments of learning, metacognitive monitoring, meta-comprehension, and learning strategies, 2) studies are quantitative and use experimental designs, specific stimuli, and distinct structures, and 4) studies are mainly focused on the fixations, saccades, and transitions between selected areas of interest in the data analyses. The results of this narrative review can indicate new directions for future research in this field.

Exploring Brain Connectivity of Single-Digit and Double-Digit in Familiar and Unfamiliar Numerals: A Functional MRI Study

Learning and memory are closely related in a way that the ability to learn new information is done through working memory and the retrieval of the learned information is done through long-term memory [1]. Over the years, a keen interest in investigating the functional network and interaction in the brain regions during processing number magnitudes has increased among cognitive neuroscientists [2]. The majority of studies related to brain connectivity, especially on numeral cognition focus on children as these investigations could provide insight into neurodevelopmental performance [3].
 
 In the current study, we aim to explore brain connectivity associated with familiar and unfamiliar numerals of single-digit and double-digit among young adults. Figure 1 demonstrates the conceptual framework of the current study. This is a quantitative experimental design study that uses a combination of cognitive performance assessment and task-based fMRI block design to measure brain connectivity during learning and retrieval of the acquired information. Fifteen healthy young Malaysian adults in the age range of 18-30 years old who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited via convenience sampling. Participants will be in one group performing two categories of tasks namely familiar (Chinese) and unfamiliar (Arabic) with two conditions each (single-digit and double-digit). A 3-Tesla MRI Philips Achieva (Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands) scanner with a 32-channel SENSE head coil will be used for data acquisition.
 Descriptive statistics will be used to summarise the socio-demographic characteristics of subjects. The mean difference in reaction time and accuracy of answers for single and double-digit in familiar and unfamiliar numerals will be analysed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and reported. The pre-processing of the fMRI images will be carried out using MATLAB software, Statistical Parametric Mapping 12, and CONN toolbox. The identification and comparison of the brain's functional connectivity will be done using the GIFT toolbox and Statistical Parametric Mapping 12. Results will be reported in the form of figures and tables.
 
 Both familiar and unfamiliar numerals are expected to activate the fronto-parietal-occipital networks by extracting the network from the cognitive-control domain, sub-cortical domain, and visual domain but with different connectivity values. Unfamiliar numerals are anticipated to have higher connectivity values than familiar numerals. Similar findings are expected to double and single digits, whereby higher connectivity values in double digits than in the single digits. The limited studies on functional connectivity show the main regions involved in mathematic processing are the inferior frontal gyrus (IPG), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) [4]. The outcome of this study would be beneficial as it could provide baseline data to investigate abnormalities of brain connectivity in learning and memory-related to numerical cognition among the young adult population.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Facial Expression Exercises Stimulation Using Mirror Media in Increasing Facial Muscle Strength in Hemiparetic Stroke Patients

BACKGROUND: Stroke can cause facial muscle weakness that can affect mobility, limitations in daily activities, and quality of life. One alternative solution that is non-invasive to restore facial muscle paralysis in post-stroke patients is facial expression exercises using mirror media. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of facial muscle expression exercises stimulation using mirror media and without a mirror as media in increasing facial muscle strength in hemiparetic stroke patients. METHODS: This study used an experimental quantitative design, in which two groups of subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned. The number of subjects who participated in this research was 60 samples divided into the intervention group (n = 30) with a mirror for facial muscle expression exercises and the control group (n = 30) without a mirror for five weeks. The research data were collected using the Fisch Facial Grading System sheet. The statistical analysis procedure of the data consisted of One-Way ANOVA, paired-samples T-test, and N-Gain score test with 95% significance. RESULTS: The difference in facial muscle strength increase was significantly greater in the intervention group (mean difference 19.4; p = 0.000). The intervention group was more effective in increasing facial muscle strength than the control group (N-Gain score 56.31%). CONCLUSION: The facial muscle expression exercise procedure using a mirror was more effective in increasing muscle strength than the group without a mirror.

The Influence of Contextual Teaching and Learning Methods and Learning Motivation on Students' Negotiation Text Writing Skills

The purpose of this study is to analyze how students' negotiating text writing abilities are affected by contextual teaching and learning (CTL) strategies and learning motivation. This kind of study uses a quantitative experimental design. This approach to research is essentially an experiment. 159 participants made up the study's population. 32 people were sampled using the purposive sampling technique in class X AKT, the experimental class, and 31 in class X RPL, the control class. Utilizing questionnaires to gauge students' motivation for learning and performance exams to gauge their proficiency with negotiating text-writing. According to the results of the research, students in class X are motivated to learn using the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) technique. The following can be said about the influence. First off, pupils who used the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) technique performed higher on tests of their negotiating text writing abilities than those who used the traditional approach. Second, students who use the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) technique and have high learning motivation have better negotiating text writing skills than students who use traditional methods and have high learning motivation. Third, students who use the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) technique and have low learning motivation have better negotiating text writing skills than students who use traditional methods and have low learning motivation. Fourth, the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) method model interacts with learning motivation to influence students.

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Game-Based Training on Junior High School Soccer Player

There was a lack of empirical comparison of the concurrent strength effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Game-Based Training in the context of youth soccer players. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of those two types of training within six week-period of cardio activities performance characteristics of male junior high school soccer players in Kediri, East Java. Methods: By applying a quantitative approach and experimental research design, this study took 20 male junior high school soccer players with a mean age of 14.5-year-old to fulfill the requirement that the samples were in the youth stage and were accustomed to a training workload and involved in soccer training and matches for at least two years to meet the minimum criteria. The research instruments were the pre-test and post-test to measure the O2max of the research subjects. Results: For 6 weeks, the subjects performed HIIT at close to ~85% of maximal heart rate while the GBT intensity was set at 70-75% of maximal heart rate. The findings implied that students with HIIT were more likely to have a greater heart rate during the study and training to get into the local tournament. Also, sprinting performance increased significantly in both groups from pretest to post-test without any changes in running performance. Conclusion: These findings may become the reference to conduct further research on different characteristics of subjects or other areas of study.

Validation of Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) to Enhance Grade 8 Students’ Academic Performance in MAPEH: Basis for an Action Plan for New Normal Pedagogy

Parental participation is crucial for the development of students and offers several benefits. Much research investigates how parenting may affect the performance of students and the job of teachers. The Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) is a form of new normal pedagogy grounded in the context of the new lens of education. More importantly, under the new normal setup, aiding the teaching and learning process through parental guidance in students’ school activities This study focused on the validation of the Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) to increase the Grade 8 students’ academic performance in MAPEH. It is set to the following variables: achievement showcasing, awarding scheme, and video presentation of students’ activities for the entire school year 2020–2021. The study utilizes a quantitative experimental research design and uses a survey questionnaire and summative test in MAPEH 8 to determine the significant effects of the Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) on academic performance in MAPEH 8. Purposive sampling was done and it includes thirty-six (36) Grade 8 students and their parents. A letter of consent was first floated to all the participants. A weighted mean and a t-test for dependent means were used to analyze the data. It was found that the introduction of the Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) is an effective new normal strategy to increase students’ academic performance. The Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) significantly validates its positive effects in increasing students’ academic performance in MAPEH. It is suggested that the proposed action plan be used as a base to increase the use of the Parental Involvement Strategy (PIS) to help students do better in school. Keywords: Academic performance, Parental Involvement Strategy, New normal education, MAPEH

Can Communication Technologies Reduce Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older People? A Scoping Review of Reviews.

Background: Loneliness and social isolation in older age are considered major public health concerns and research on technology-based solutions is growing rapidly. This scoping review of reviews aims to summarize the communication technologies (CTs) (review question RQ1), theoretical frameworks (RQ2), study designs (RQ3), and positive effects of technology use (RQ4) present in the research field. Methods: A comprehensive multi-disciplinary, multi-database literature search was conducted. Identified reviews were analyzed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. A total of N = 28 research reviews that cover 248 primary studies spanning 50 years were included. Results: The majority of the included reviews addressed general internet and computer use (82% each) (RQ1). Of the 28 reviews, only one (4%) worked with a theoretical framework (RQ2) and 26 (93%) covered primary studies with quantitative-experimental designs (RQ3). The positive effects of technology use were shown in 55% of the outcome measures for loneliness and 44% of the outcome measures for social isolation (RQ4). Conclusion: While research reviews show that CTs can reduce loneliness and social isolation in older people, causal evidence is limited and insights on innovative technologies such as augmented reality systems are scarce.

Effects of a Digital Math Training Intervention on Self-Efficacy: Can Clipart Explainers Support Learners?

In the mathematics domain, learning from worked examples is a best practice method for initial skill acquisition. However, open questions refer to effective digital training interventions in the field. Subject to these questions are the potential effects of self-explanations on self-efficacy, and the role of clip art explainers currently in vogue (cartoon teachers plus explanations in speech bubbles). We thus developed and field-tested a short-term (approximately 45 minutes) digital training intervention on mathematical proportionality with 113 German secondary school students (Mage: 14.12 years). We applied a quantitative experimental research design to analyse learning processes and outcomes with tests and questionaires. To investigate the potential supportive effects of the clipart explainers, we compared two versions of our intervention: with clip art explainers (clipart condition) and without them (control condition). Our training intervention revealed a significant positive within-subjects effect on the learners’ mathematical self-efficacy related to proportionality tasks. The clipart explainers had a significant negative between-subject effect on the subjective difficulty of the instructional material—with no indications of being detrimental to learning. Finally, we detected self-explanation quality and task engagement to be significant predictors for learning outcomes. Our findings underscore the importance of having learners deeply process the given materials.

A study to assess the effectiveness of conventional methods along with balloon inflation vs conventional methods only in reduction of pain and fear during venipuncture in children age group of 5-12 years admitted in paediatric wards of GGSMC & H, Faridkot, Punjab

Introduction: Children are vulnerable to all kinds of illness. Illness and hospitalization are the first crisis that children face. Venipuncture is one of the most painful invasive procedures. Distraction has shown to be an effective non-pharmacological pain management technique. Aim: The study was intended to assess the effectiveness of conventional methods along with balloon inflation vs conventional methods only in reduction of pain and fear during venipuncture in children age group of 5-12 years admitted in pediatric wards of GGSMC&H, Faridkot, Punjab.Methods: A quantitative research approach and experimental research design was used to conduct the study. Total 80 patients (5-12 years) were selected who were admitted in the pediatric wards on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated into experimental and conventional group through computerized block design method. Socio demographic data sheet was used to collect baseline information, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Children’s Fear Scale were used to assess the pain and fear level.Results: Study found that the median of pain score in experimental group was 8 in conventional group was 10. Median of fear score in experimental group was 3 and in conventional group was 4. Mann-Whitney U test was applied for statistical analysis and p value was <0.001 which was statistically highly significant.Conclusions: This study concluded that conventional methods along with balloon inflation was effective as a non-pharmacological method of reduction/management of pain and fear during venipuncture.

The The Use of Fine Art Activity Strategies in Mastering Vocabulary at Al-Hidayah Boarding School Depok West Java

Art is a person's creative phenomenon to express themselves in an event. It can be found in music, by hand, in the appearance of drama, or even in vocal sports. In learning, students often find problems that originate within themselves or originate in their environment. The problems that originate within themselves can be a lack of interest in reading, a lack of vocabulary, or a shortage of visual aids that make it easier for them to grasp science. The purpose of this study in al-Hidayah. Boarding School is to learn the arts of fine arts strategy for effectively mastering vocabulary. The methods used in this scientific work are those of quantitative research, data exploration, experimental design, and survey. Experiments were carried out to reinforce the initial hypothesis that with fine arts, vocabulary study was easier to understand. Surveys provide excellent databases for scientific reference. As for the results of this study being a fine art strategy for mastering vocabulary effectively, students can understand the vocabulary learned from teachers, and they can choose their way to select the correct vocabulary in translating, antonyms, word translations, or hyponyms.

PENGARUH MEDIA BIG BOOK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TK HIJRIAH III PALEMBANG

This research is entitled "The influence of big book media on the speaking ability of children aged 5-6 years at Kindergarten Hijriah III Palembang". This type of research is a quantitative Experimental Design One Group Pre-test Post-test (one class). The research sample used in this study was group B1 in Tk Hijriah III Palembang, totaling 10 children, namely 5 boys and 5 girls. The sampling technique was carried out using Simple Random Sampling or the children were called one by one to the front of the class to retell the story. The data collection method uses observation tests and documentation with data analysis using normality tests and homogeneity tests. The results of the study and discussion of the average pre-test score that did not use treatment was 51, while the typical post-test score utilizing the big book or treatment media was 79. There was an effect when not using the media and after using the big book media. The results obtained by testing the hypothesis using the T-test obtained 16.667 with a significant level of 5% so that it can be 2,262. Because = 16,667 &gt; = 2,262. So the conclusion is that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of the media on the speaking ability of children at Hijriah III Kindergarten in Palembang.

A study to assess the efficacy of phototherapy with low cost white curtains versus routine phototherapy among newborns admitted with neonatal jaundice in NICU of GGSMC &amp;amp; H, Faridkot, Punjab

Aim of the study: The study was intended to assess the efficacy of phototherapy with low cost white curtains versus routine phototherapy on reducing serum bilirubin level in newborns.Material and Methods: A quantitative research approach and experimental research design was used to conduct the present study. The total 70 patients (above 32 weeks of gestational age) were selected who were admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the basis of Inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated into experimental and conventional group through computerized block design method. Socio-demography data sheet was used to collect baseline information and Lab investigation was used to collect the data. Results: The present study results revealed that pre intervention mean± SD of total serum bilirubin level in phototherapy with low cost white curtain (experimental group) was 15.457±1.145 and was 15.263±1.602 in routine photo therapy (conventional group) respectively. Post intervention mean± SD of total serum bilirubin level in photo therapy with low cost white curtain (experimental group) was 10.351±1.55 and was 11.389±1.39 in routine phototherapy (conventional group) respectively. Paired t test and individual t test was applied for statistical analysis. Results reveals that t value in experimental group was 14.759 at df 34 with p value 0.001 and 22.435 at DF 34 with p value 0.001 in experimental and conventional group which is found to be significant at p=0.005. It proved that there is significant difference in baseline mean of reduction in total serum bilirubin level in neonates who were on phototherapy with low cost white curtains.Conclusions: On the basis of the findings of the study, it was concluded that Phototherapy with low cost white curtains is more effective in reducing the total serum bilirubin level in neonates having jaundice than routine phototherapy.

Three zone learning concepts to improve mathematical proof of probability theory

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the improvement of students ' mathematical development ability through the concept of three zone learning, with the type of research is quantitative and quasi experiment design. Examples of research as many as two classes amounted to 82 pre service teacher. Data analysis by calculating gain normalization. Results: based on the Post Hoc test, the level of the category that has a positive score of 0.012 with the upper category and the middle category means that the average score of students from the upper category is better than the middle category, then also for the level that has a positive score of 0.028 with the upper category and the lower category which means that the average score of students from the upper category is better than the lower category. As for the positive value of 0.016 with the middle category and the lower category means the average of the middle category is better. From the results showed that for levels with upper, middle and lower categories, the effect is greater in improving students.