Quantitative Empirical Research Research Articles

Do audit committees impact corporate social responsibility? A review of empirical quantitative research and research opportunities

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze whether audit committees (ACs) influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) outputs. Design/methodology/approach A structured literature review of 57 archival studies on the influence of ACs on CSR outputs was conducted. According to a stakeholder–agency theoretical framework, the AC variables were structured as follows: presence, composition and resources, incentives and diligence. CSR is mainly divided into CSR performance, CSR reporting and CSR assurance. Findings Previous studies have mainly focused on AC composition and CSR reporting. There are indications that AC composition and CSR performance and assurance are positively linked. Moreover, AC resources, incentives and diligence increase CSR reporting. Research limitations/implications This study stresses the need for linking AC composition with sustainability, the inclusion of moderator and especially mediator variables and addressing endogeneity concerns via advanced regression models. Originality/value This paper reports the first literature review on the interaction between AC and CSR. It presents the main variables that have been included in previous studies, the limitations of these studies and useful recommendations for future research, business practice and regulators.

Collectivism-Based Travel Culture as the Antecedents of Travel FOMO And Intention to Travel Responsibly

As collectivists, Indonesians tend to travel with friends and family. The destination is usually inspired by social media content which then will increase fear-of-missing-out anxiety (FOMO) for traveling because it generates travel intention. A previous study claimed that collectivist culture has a strong correlation with FOMO behavior. This research analyzes the role of collectivism-based travel culture as the antecedent of travel FOMO on Indonesian domestic tourists. High travel intention may lead to high profits for tourism businesses, but the sustainability of the natural habitat of the natural tourism destinations is no less important. Tourists must also increase their intention to travel responsibly when visiting natural destinations to protect nature. This study employed an empirical quantitative research method with 340 sample data of Indonesian domestic tourists. The analysis of statistical data analysis is provided from PLS-SEM. This research is limited to collectivist behavioral observation of Indonesian domestic tourists to natural tourism destinations. Future studies can be conducted on different cultural dimensions and tourism market segmentation. The analysis showed that the collectivism-based travel culture of Indonesian tourists had positive influences on both travel FOMO and intention to travel responsibly individually, but will bring damage if combined.

Drive sustainable business performance with humane entrepreneurship, knowledge management: the mediation of sustainable business advantage and sustainable business model innovation

PurposeThis study evaluates the important role of humane entrepreneurship (HE) on sustainable business advantage (SBA) and sustainable business performance (SBP) by exploring the mediating role of sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) under the influence of knowledge management (KM) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Encouraging businesses to implement a combination of KM and HE facilitates the implementation of SBMI that brings value to businesses, communities and the environment in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an empirical quantitative research method using primary information based on data collected by questionnaires. The study sample resulted in 424 valid responses (66.77% response rate). The target audience of the study is middle and senior managers in SMEs. This study aims to perform structural modeling analysis with the maximum likelihood estimates method to examine structural relationships.FindingsThis study found a positive relationship between KM and HE to SBMI. At the same time, SBMI plays an important role for businesses to achieve SBA and SBP. Similarly, a positive relationship was also found between HE to SBA and SBP. And SBA strongly promotes SMEs to achieve SBP. In addition, the mediating role of SBMI and SBA is clarified to have a positive impact between HE–SBP and SBMI–SBP. HE plays an important role in motivating businesses to innovate sustainable business models, making it easier to gain sustainable competitive advantages, thereby bringing sustainable business results.Practical implicationsThis research helps SMEs realize the importance of KM and HE in SBMI. At that time, SMEs take advantage of internal and external information sources and innovate their business models based on HE mechanisms. Applying HE mechanisms will allow businesses to innovate their business models by combining concerns between stakeholders and the social environment for sustainable development. Therefore, businesses will achieve their SBA toward SBP.Originality/valueThe present literature shows that there are few empirical studies on the mechanism mediating SBMI in the relationship between HE and SBP; and SBA in the link between SBMI and SBP. In addition, the impact of KM and HE on SBMI is also very important in the current context. The study's findings could have huge implications for entrepreneurs and senior managers in SMEs in emerging economies. Help them realize the importance of KM and HE for SBMI, thereby building strategic perspectives that help businesses achieve sustainable competitive advantages and increase SBP for businesses.

Instagram as Part of SMM Innovation in Educational Institutions

The use of Instagram as a social media marketing tool in educational institutions is gaining more and more attention. This article explores the relationship between school size and a school's Instagram presence, activity, and engagement. Specifically, the investigation focuses on answering the question of whether larger schools are more likely to have an Instagram account, post more frequently, and generate higher levels of interaction. The paper examines the role of Instagram in social media marketing within educational institutions, focusing on the relationship between school size and a school's presence, activity and engagement on Instagram. The research addresses three main hypotheses. Namely, that schools that have higher pupil numbers are more likely to have an Instagram account, schools with higher pupil numbers are more likely to post on Instagram, and schools with higher pupil numbers experience higher overall interaction (in the form of likes and comments) on their Instagram posts. An empirical quantitative research method was used. Statistical validation was carried out using Pearson's correlation coefficient and data from 444 schools were analysed. The results confirmed significant correlations between the number of pupils and the likelihood of having an Instagram account, frequency of posts and overall interaction. The paper further explores the effect of post frequency on follower numbers, finding a relationship that the more posts the higher the engagement, this does not necessarily lead to higher follower numbers. In addition, the study examines the link between the number of followers and the number of posts published by Reels, revealing a correlation. This suggests that a larger number of followers predicts a larger number of posts by Reels. Nevertheless, this highlights the need for a balanced content strategy. The above findings provide important insights into effective social media marketing strategies for educational institutions. The value of this study lies in its practical implications for school administrators and marketing professionals aiming to strengthen their institution's social media presence. The study concludes by highlighting the key role of Instagram in educational marketing and offering evidence-based recommendations for optimizing social media strategies to achieve better engagement and visibility.

The Effects of Workplace Spirituality and Self-Efficacy on Quality of Life Among Cancer Survivors: Empirical Quantitative Research.

To investigate the impact of workplace spirituality and self-efficacy (SE) on cancer survivors' quality of life (QOL) and develop nursing interventions. Descriptive survey. Participants were cancer survivors treated at Chung-Ang hospital in Seoul. They were administered a questionnaire covering general and clinical characteristics, workplace spirituality, SE and QOL. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Workplace spirituality, SE and QOL were positively correlated. Higher education level, work in the health/medical sector, higher monthly income, undetermined cancer stage or not currently undergoing cancer treatment and absence of physical impairments or comorbidities due to cancer influenced QOL. Regression analysis revealed that SE enhanced QOL. Workplace spirituality and SE correlated with QOL. Notably, SE actively enhanced QOL by providing inner strength regardless of the type of treatment or its physical damage. The findings have practical implications for the development of nursing interventions that aim to boost the confidence and positive assurance of employed cancer survivors in managing their condition and to enhance QOL. Problem addressed: Understanding the impact of workplace spirituality and SE on cancer survivors' QOL. Positive correlations between workplace spirituality, SE and QOL; SE as a primary determinant of QOL. Impact location and population: Relevant to cancer patients managing treatment and work responsibilities, contributing to improved QOL. Adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines. No contribution. Not applicable.

The association between cultural and linguistic maintenance and mental health in migrant adolescents: A scoping review.

Although previous reviews have examined the relationship between heritage cultural maintenance and mental health outcomes among migrants, none have focussed specifically on migrant adolescents (i.e. those aged 10-24 years). To examine (1) the focus, scope and nature of quantitative empirical research investigating heritage cultural maintenance - including linguistic maintenance - and mental health outcomes among migrant adolescents globally and (2) the association between cultural and linguistic maintenance and migrant adolescents' mental health outcomes. Following the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework for scoping reviews, we searched 11 electronic health, medical, social science and language databases from database inception until the search date (6 June 2023), using English search terms. We extracted data from included empirical studies using a template with pre-defined data items, which we present in comprehensive overviews and narrative summaries. Thirty-four studies met our inclusion criteria. We identified considerable heterogeneity between studies regarding their research foci, methodologies, terminologies, outcomes and findings regarding the association between cultural maintenance and mental health outcomes. We specifically identified mixed findings regarding the latter, which cannot be transferred or generalised. The heterogenous nature of methodologies and outcome measures in the published literature, in addition to a scarcity of research from low- and middle-income countries, have hindered meaningful progress in this field. Efforts to address these issues, and to take adolescent context into consideration, will facilitate a more accurate understanding of how cultural maintenance relates to migrant adolescent mental health, and inform future interventions to improve mental health outcomes.

Too Small to Succeed: Small Samples and the p-Value Problem

Determining an appropriate sample size is a critical planning decision in quantitative empirical research. In recent years, there has been a growing concern that researchers have excessively focused on statistical significance in large sample studies to the detriment of effect sizes. This research focuses on a related concern at the other end of the spectrum. We argue that a combination of bias in significant estimates obtained from small samples (compared to their population values) and an editorial preference for the publication of significant results compound to produce marked bias in published small sample studies. We then present a simulation study covering a variety of statistical techniques commonly used to examine structural equation models with latent variables. Our results support our contention that significant results obtained from small samples are likely biased and should be considered with skepticism. We also argue for the need to provide a priori power analyses to understand the behavior of parameter estimates under the small sample conditions we examine.

Employee Retention Factors: The Perspective of Employees and Managers

Objective: The article identifies and explores differences in how employees and managers assess the importance of retention factors. It also looks at predictors of the importance employees attach to these factors. Research Design & Methods: Literature studies and quantitative empirical research were carried out with CAWI. The research questionnaire included a self-designed WCR form and the MQSS-JSS scale. Findings: Employees and managers differ in how they assess the importance of retention factors. Managers tend to underestimate the importance of individual factors. All of the predictors studied – company size, job satisfaction, age, gender and seniority – proved important in assessing the importance of the factors tested. Implications / Recommendations: Research results indicate the importance of personalisation in retention strategies. Effective retention strategies should take the predictors of the importance of specific factors for employees into account. Contribution: Managers’ tendency to underestimate the importance of retention factors has been revealed and it has been shown that the individual and organisational features tested are important predictors of factor selection in retention strategies.

The relationship between general self-efficacy and nursing practice competence for second-year nurses: Empirical quantitative research.

To examine the relationship between general self-efficacy and nursing practice competence for nurses in the second year of employment. A cross-sectional design was used. The study included 596 nurses in their second year of employment at 75 medical facilities across Japan and used an online questionnaire survey for data collection. The covariance structure analysis showed the path from general self-efficacy (latent variable) to nursing practice competence. Positive correlations were found between all factors on both scales. Multiple regression analysis results showed that the general self-efficacy factors of 'positivity in behavior' and 'confidence in social competence' affect nursing practice competence. This study emphasizes the importance of enhancing the general self-efficacy of second-year nurses to improve their nursing practice competence. To achieve this, it suggests developing strategies from the perspective of the factors that comprise general self-efficacy. The findings suggest that improving general self-efficacy can enhance nursing practice competence, which could inform the development of interventions to support nurses in improving their competence. The study provides basic data for improving nurses' practice competence. This study is the first to establish a relationship between general self-efficacy and nursing practice competence among second-year nurses. It demonstrates the significance of general self-efficacy in enhancing nursing practice competence, particularly for second-year nurses worldwide who may be struggling with their nursing practice competence and considering leaving the profession. The findings offer practical implications for stakeholders involved in nursing education and training programs, with potential applications in professional development. This manuscript adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of cross-sectional studies. There was no patient or public contribution.

Claim Types in Canada’s Refugee Determination System

This article overviews outcomes in different types of refugee claims in Canada. It critiques standard legal research methodologies in the refugee law field due to skews in publication practices. To address these skews, the article employs empirical quantitative research methods using administrative tribunal data and computational methods. It provides a snapshot of refugee claim numbers, countries of origin, claim categories, and outcomes. The article then underscores the benefits of supplementing doctrinal legal research with empirical quantitative research methods, outlines barriers to the adoption of such methods, and offers guidance and tools to assist other researchers in overcoming those barriers.

SOCIAL DEATH: The Impact of the Deprivation of Voting Rights on Incarcerated Populations

This descriptive article aims to analyze the effects of restricting the right to vote for people deprived of their liberty, already socially excluded and stigmatized due to their condition, in denying the individual’s exercise of citizenship, resulting in an increase in crime. In the first chapter, through the hypothetical-deductive methodology, based on a systematic bibliographical review of primary and secondary sources, the paper gathers and analyzes the literature and existing legislation about political rights of prisoners in the Brazilian context and their restriction hypotheses. In the following topic, in addition to the aforementioned methodology, data were presented on the scenario of the Brazilian prison system, using quantitative empirical research, with secondary sources, to elucidate the scenario of mass incarceration and outline hypotheses, as well as statements about the logic of the punitive system and the growth of criminal factions. Finally, in the last chapter, through the hypothetical-deductive methodology of bibliographic review, the need for state action was highlighted, using public policies, to comply with the dictates contained in the 1988 Federal Constitution, expanding the citizenship of prisoners through voting, promoting social inclusion.

The Influence of Service Quality and Product Quality of Livin Mandiri through Satisfaction Customers and its Impact on Customer Loyalty of Bank Mandiri KCP Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra Province

The aim of this research is to determine the quality of service and product quality of Livin Mandiri on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction at Bank Mandiri KCP Tanjung Balai North Sumatera Province. This research is quantitative empirical research using hypothesis research that examines the significant influence and direction of the direct and indirect relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable through the intervening variable. Data in the research is primary data obtained from 100 sample people obtained using the Slovin formula from a 20.088 population. Based on statistical test results, it was found that livin mandiri service quality have a positive effect on customer loyalty but not significant. Product quality have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between livin mandiri product quality and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, the relationship between Livin Mandiri’s service quality and customer loyalty cannot be mediated by customer satisfaction at Bank Mandiri KCP Tanjung Balai North Sumatera Province.

Efficiency of Public Procurement Function in Moroocco

Public procurement, involving the public sector’s purchase of goods, services, or works from the pri-vate sector, accounts for 13-20% of global GDP (The World Bank, 2020). In Morocco, this sector rep-resents 17% of GDP (The World Bank, 2014) and is a crucial source of business for SMEs, which make up 95% of all businesses (Augier, Castel & El Malki, 2019). The efficiency of public procure-ment is a central issue in research due to its strategic, economic, and managerial impact (Kakwezi & Nyeko, 2019). While past research often focused on practical assessments (Flynn & Davis, 2014) and overlooked the market structure (KLEMPERER, 1999), based on a renewal of the game auction model for first price sealed bid auctions, along with both a qualitative and quantitative empirical research , this paper examines Moroccan public procurement efficiency from a market-based, game auction model perspective. It demonstrates that Morocco’s predominant open tender procedure exhibits pat-terns of an efficient game auction model with a Bayesian Nash equilibrium expression , suggesting opportunities for maintaining and improving the open tender meachnism itself and the surrounding procurement mechanisms.

Research on the Effect of Design Thinking on Enterprise Sustainable Innovation Ability and Team Performance

Design thinking is an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach that combines user-centered focus, challenge framing, visual thinking, experimental methods, and cross-functional collaboration. It has always been regarded as an important means to improve corporate sustainable innovation capabilities and team performance. However, its effectiveness is a controversial topic, with some proponents praising its ability to solve systemic problems while others question its applicability within traditional business processes and its impact on sustainable innovation success. Because of its exploratory nature, there is currently a lack of quantitative empirical research on its impact. Therefore, this study takes Huawei’s electric vehicle R&D sustainable innovation project as an example to explore the impact of design thinking on corporate sustainable innovation capabilities and team performance by analyzing the relationship between design thinking and team empowerment. The study included hypotheses, semi-structured qualitative interviews, quantitative questionnaire data, and structured equation model analysis. This study reveals the mechanism by which design thinking operates in industrial enterprises. There is a positive correlation between design thinking practice and team performance in sustainable innovation projects. Moreover, through the regulation of design thinking, team performance can be strengthened. However, the applicability of design thinking in highly sustainable innovation environments needs further research. In summary, this study provides fundamental insights into the complex relationships between design thinking, corporate sustainable innovation, and team performance, and provides direction for future research.

Digital Anthropology Manifesto

The manifesto format was not chosen by chance. As a rule, manifestations are not acceptable in the scientific community and are practiced to proclaim a new order of things. Historically, social groups have declared their intentions in manifestos of various kinds. This circumstance is also true for contemporary cases such as manifestos of cyborgs, hackers, “Evolution 2045”, etc. Digital anthropology as a subject of manifestation looks anomalous, since it is not related to the interests of a specific social group or force. The intentions of the authors of this manifesto are to proclaim an alternative to the scientific research mainstream. The subject area and thesaurus of digital anthropology historically began to take shape in the Western countries. Due to qualitative and quantitative empirical research, the network has become a kind of analogue of a “field” for the study of behavioral practices, the specifics of thinking, and mythology that makes its way into virtual communication and Internet content. In an attempt to maintain ideological continuity with ethnographic and field research, digital anthropology ignored the conceptual and generalizing statement about a person. The latter was formed in the discourse of philosophical anthropology, not only a historical philosophical movement, but also a current field of knowledge that produces reflexive generalized knowledge about human beings. In the manifesto, the subject of digital anthropology is significantly clarified, and its definition is also given as a result of the reassembly of the subject.

Forecast of the number of nursing beds per 1000 older people from 2023 to 2025: Empirical quantitative research.

This research aims to offer a reference point for relevant departments to enhance the allocation of ageing resources and formulate policies accordingly. This study is designed as empirical quantitative research. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Civil Affairs regarding older adults (aged≥60) from 2000 to 2022 and nursing beds from 1978 to 2022 were analysed. The differential autoregressive integrated moving averages model and Monte Carlo simulation were used to predict the growth of nursing beds per 1000 older people in China for the Years 2023-2025. It is projected that from 2023 to 2025, China will experience a further increase in its ageing population, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1%. By 2025, the number of older people in China is expected to surpass 300 million. Additionally, there will be a rise in the number of nursing beds, with an average annual growth rate of 1.9%, leading to a total of 8.79 million nursing beds by 2025. However, due to the rapid growth of the older population, there will be a slight decline in the number of nursing beds per 1000 older people in China, with an average annual growth rate of -1.00%.

The Effect of Intellectual Capital, Leverage and Company Size on Profitability and its Impact on Company Value of Sub-Sector Food and Beverage Registered on the Indonesian Stock Exchange Period 2012 - 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital, leverage, and company size on profitability and their impact on company value in the food and beverage sub-sector. This research is quantitative empirical research using hypothesis research that examines the significant influence and direction of the direct and indirect relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable through the intervening variable. This study used a sample of food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX for 2012–2022 using a purposive sampling method where 45 companies were obtained from the population and 14 companies were selected according to predetermined criteria. Based on statistical test results, it was found that intellectual capital partially had a negative and insignificant effect on profitability, while leverage and company size had a positive and significant effect on profitability. Partially, intellectual capital, leverage and profitability have a positive and significant effect on company value, while company size has a negative and insignificant effect on company value. Partially, the results of the Sobel Test Path Analysis indirectly mean that profitability as an intervening variable is not able to mediate the influence of intellectual capital and leverage on company value, while directly profitability as an intervening variable is able to mediate the influence of company size on company value.

Effective factors for the adoption of IoT applications in nursing care: A theoretical framework for smart healthcare

The utilization of the Internet of Things (IoT) presents a promising opportunity for the healthcare industry which is continuously expanding and persistently aspiring to enhance the quality of medical services and reduce its operational costs through the implementation of new technologies. Despite the proven benefits of utilizing IoT-based technologies, its integration in the healthcare sector is minimal, particularly in nursing care. The purpose of this study is to establish a conceptual model to guide program designers and implementation leaders in evaluating the adoption of IoT products and services in nursing care, from the perspective of nurses. The study employed an empirical quantitative research design utilizing a structured online questionnaire to collect data from a convenience sample of nursing staff gathered data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Data analysis led to the establishment of a framework to identify factors influencing the integration of IoT and barriers that may impede its adoption in nursing care. The study makes a valuable contribution to academia by addressing a gap in the existing literature relating to the adoption of IoT in medical services, particularly in nursing care, and providing a novel theoretical framework that encompasses effective factors for the integration of IoT in medical care. This model provides deep insight and guidance to healthcare industry leaders, system developers, and nursing professionals to improve program design and implementation of IoT applications in healthcare. In addition, the model guides building engineering in the planning and design of medical facilities aligned with the IoT technologies and its physical environment. Finally, the study paved the way for further research exploring the implementation of IoT-based technologies and expanding the model to other stakeholders and functions within medical departments as well as other industries.

The transparency of quantitative empirical legal research published in highly ranked law journals (2018–2020): an observational study

Background Scientists are increasingly concerned with making their work easy to verify and build upon. Associated practices include sharing data, materials, and analytic scripts, and preregistering protocols. This shift towards increased transparency and rigor has been referred to as a “credibility revolution.” The credibility of empirical legal research has been questioned in the past due to its distinctive peer review system and because the legal background of its researchers means that many often are not trained in study design or statistics. Still, there has been no systematic study of transparency and credibility-related characteristics of published empirical legal research. Methods To fill this gap and provide an estimate of current practices that can be tracked as the field evolves, we assessed 300 empirical articles from highly ranked law journals including both faculty-edited journals and student-edited journals. Results We found high levels of article accessibility (86%, 95% CI = [82%, 90%]), especially among student-edited journals (100%). Few articles stated that a study’s data are available (19%, 95% CI = [15%, 23%]). Statements of preregistration (3%, 95% CI = [1%, 5%]) and availability of analytic scripts (6%, 95% CI = [4%, 9%]) were very uncommon. (i.e., they collected new data using the study’s reported methods, but found results inconsistent or not as strong as the original). Conclusion We suggest that empirical legal researchers and the journals that publish their work cultivate norms and practices to encourage research credibility. Our estimates may be revisited to track the field’s progress in the coming years.

Health information sources and health-seeking behaviours of Filipinos living in medically underserved communities: Empirical quantitative research.

To describe sources of health information and health-seeking behaviours of adults (aged ≥18) living in medically underserved communities in the Philippines. This is a secondary, quantitative analysis from a cross-sectional parent study. Participants completed a 10-item, self-report survey on their sources of health information, healthcare providers sought for health and wellness and health-seeking behaviours when ill. Responses were evaluated across two age groups (<60 vs. ≥60 years) and genders using generalized linear mixed models. Surveys were completed by 1202 participants in rural settings (64.6% female, mean age 49.5 ± 17.6). Friends and/or family were their key source of health information (59.6%), followed by traditional media (37%) and healthcare professionals (12.2%). For health promotion, participants went to healthcare professionals (60.9%), informal healthcare providers (17.2%) or others (7.2%). When ill, they visited a healthcare professional 69.1% of the time, self-medicated (43.9%), prayed (39.5%) or sought treatment from a rural health clinic (31.5%). We also found differences in health-seeking behaviours based on age and gender. Our findings highlight the need to organize programs that explicitly deliver accurate health information and adequate care for wellness and illness. Study findings emphasize the importance of integrating family, friends, media and healthcare professionals, including public health nurses, to deliver evidence-based health information, health promotion and sufficient treatment to medically underserved Filipinos. New knowledge provides valuable information to healthcare providers, including public health nurses, in addressing health disparities among medically underserved Filipinos. This study addresses the current knowledge gap in a medically vulnerable population. Healthcare professionals are not the primary sources of health information. Approximately one-third of participants do not seek them for health promotion or treatment even when ill, exacerbating health inequities. More work is necessary to support initiatives in low- and middle-income countries such as the Philippines to reduce health disparities. We adhered to the reporting guidelines of STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for cross-sectional studies. There was no patient or public contribution as our study design and methodology do not make this necessary.