Quantitative Determination Of Vitamin Research Articles

EVALUATION OF THIAMINE AND RIBOFLAVIN CONTENT IN FEED AND BVD

The need for the content of vitamins in compound feed are decisive elements that significantly affect the development of the animal's body, their metabolism, reproduction and general condition. Taking into account the nature of vitamins and depending on the ability to dissolve, vitamins are divided into main groups, these are those that dissolve in fats (A, D, etc.), and those that dissolve in water, group B. Adding vitamins to compound feed during fattening animals is difficult to overestimate, because the body, with the exception of vitamins D and B1, does not have the ability to synthesize them, and the lack of vitamins is the cause of various complications and disorders of physiological indicators of animals. Cereal plants are the supplier of almost all representatives of B vitamins (except B12). The content of group B vitamins in cereal crops, which are widely used in feed production, depends on such factors as genotype, methods of processing before the production of compound feed, storage conditions, and others.The quantitative determination of vitamins and the use of modern methods for the formation of a balance of vitamins in compound feed and BVD is an urgent task of manufacturers engaged in the production of compound feed for animals and poultry.

Quantitative Determination of Vitamins A and E in Ointments Using Raman Spectroscopy

A quantitative analysis of vitamins A and E in commercial ointments containing 0.044% and 0.8% (w/w) of active pharmaceutical ingredients, respectively, was performed using partial least squares models based on FT Raman spectra. Separate calibration systems were prepared to determine the amount of vitamin A in a petrolatum base ointment and to quantify vitamins A and E in a eucerin base one. Compositions of the laboratory-prepared and commercial samples were controlled through a principal component analysis. Relative standard errors of prediction were calculated to compare the predictive ability of the obtained regression models. For vitamin A determination, these errors were found to be in the 3.8–5.0% and 5.7–5.9% ranges for the calibration and validation data sets, respectively. In the case of vitamin E modeling, these errors amounted to 3.7% and 4.4%. On the basis of elaborated models, vitamins A and E were successfully quantified in two commercial products with recoveries in the 99–104% range. The obtained data indicate that the Raman technique allows for accurate analysis of the composition of semisolid formulations in their native state, including low dose preparations.

Clinical significance and features of laboratory determination of vitamin D

The classic function of vitamin D is to regulate calcium metabolism. Currently, however, convincing data have been obtained on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with the development of a number of diseases. The article analyzes the results of recent studies that present the effects of vitamin D on the immune system, cardiovascular system and liver diseases. Discusses the mechanisms of admission of vitamin D in the body, presents new data on the regulation of levels of active form of vitamin D phosphatonins (FGF23, MEPE, sFRP-4) and protein Klotho. The characteristic of methods of determination of vitamin D in blood serum is presented. Biological factors that influence the results of quantitative determination of vitamin D with different methods are considered separately.

Quantitative Determination of Vitamin C Concentration of Common Edible Food Sources by Redox Titration Using Iodine Solution

Vitamin C is isolated in 1928 and associated with hemorrhagic disease scurvy. Vitamin C is crucial for the development and maintenance of connective tissues in humans. It plays an important role in maintaining healthy gums, helps in wound healing, bone formation, relief from a common cold, and several metabolic functions. It is an antioxidant that safeguards the cells from free radical damage. It is used as a curative agent in many diseases and disorders. This research article attempts to find different concentrations of vitamin C in common edible foodstuffs. The iodine redox titration method is used for vitamin C quantity evaluation. This study is based on the vitamin C quantity of 27 common edible food sources, including lemon (Citrus limon), lime (Citrus aurantiifolia), navel orange (Citrus sinensis), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), fox grape (Vitis labrusca), pomegranate (Punica granatum), apple (Malus domestica), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), Indian tamarind (Tamarindus indica), holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), carrot (Daucus carota), radish (Raphanus sativus), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), aubergine (Solanum melongena), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), pea (Pisum sativum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), pawpaw (Carica papaya), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), are evaluated. The highest quantity of vitamin C present in Indian tamarind, i.e., 89.44 mg/100 g. This study is intended to use new vitamin C sources for nourishment.

Proximate composition, vitamin and mineral composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer activity of Acanthopanax trifoliatus.

Acanthopanax trifoliatus has been used as both traditional plant food and medicinal plant in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate proximate, vitamin, and mineral compositions of A. trifoliatus leaf samples together with antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethanolic leaf extract of A. trifoliatus. For leaf samples, quantitative determination of proximate composition was evaluated comprising moisture, crude protein, total fat, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, ash, as well as energy. Quantitative determination of vitamin and mineral composition including Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, calcium, sodium, and iron was also assessed. For ethanolic leaf extract, antioxidant activity was investigated using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Anticancer activity was determined against human ductal, bronchogenic, liver, gastric, and colon cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Proximate composition of A. trifoliatus was found to be 74.62 ± 0.38, 5.01 ± 0.05, 0.95 ± 0.04, 16.47 ± 0.40, 8.54 ± 0.06, and 2.95 ± 0.04 g/100 g sample, respectively, and energy was found to be 94.48 ± 1.30 kcal/100 g sample. Vitamin and mineral composition was found to be 428.47 ± 3.00 μg/100 g sample, 0.41 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.00, 11.95 ± 0.86, 675.35 ± 46.57, 13.46 ± 0.95, and 4.79 ± 0.15 mg/100 g sample, respectively. A. trifoliatus ethanolic leaf extract revealed antioxidant capacity with ORAC value of 9057.29 ± 43.08 μmol TE/100 g and FRAP value of 1230.88 ± 19.51 μmol TE/100 g. Its extract also showed cytotoxic potential against all tested cancer cell lines. A. trifoliatus leaf is a good source of essential nutrients, which had antioxidant and anticancer potential.

Quantitative Determination of Vitamin E Isomers using Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Vitamin E, the fat soluble vitamin is present naturally in some foods and added in food supplements, nutraceuticals etc due to its vital biological function as an antioxidant. Various methods are available for the analysis of vitamin E. Especially High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) are exclusively used for the quantitative evaluation of vitamin E, which has also identified the four different isomeric forms of this vitamin. The rate of losses of this vitamin during food processing and analysis, in addition to their transient dynamics, presents complexities in developing a highly sensitive procedure for their separations. Though effective, HPLC instrument is expensive and comparatively cumbersome. In this prospective, the study was to evaluate the usefulness of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) in the analysis of vitamin E. There are methods available using Thin Layer Chromatography for its analysis, but they are not sensitive enough to identify the isomeric forms of vitamin E. In this HPTLC method, the different isomeric forms of vitamin E - α, β, γ and δ were identified. This technique shall be considered as an alternative to the other methods such as HPLC and GC.

Determination of Fat Soluble Vitamins A and E in Infant Formulas by HPLC-DAD

A rapid, sensitive and inexpensive method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins A and E in infant formula (IF) samples. The isolation of fat-soluble vitamins includes a saponification step and an extraction step with petroleum ether. The qualitative and quantitative determination of vitamins was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to Diode Array Detector (DAD). More specifically, method development involved optimization of saponification time, testing of antioxidants, and number of extractions along with the extraction time applied. The method proved to be reliable as results agreed with the sample’s labels and the permitted variation according to the EE law. The relative standard deviation decreased significantly after the optimization (%RSD 1.8 % for retinol and 3.1% for a-tocopherol).

Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin

The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.

Choice of Optimum Parameters for Vitamin a Determination in a Thin Sorbent Layer

The optimum conditions for quantitative determination of vitamin A by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were established. It was shown that a theoretical approach could be used to choose the optimum parameters for TLC determination of retinol acetate.

Quantitative Determination of Vitamin C in Model Food Systems

The quantitative analysis of vitamin C is of a certain difficulty, and today there is no universal serial method free from defects for the analysis. The perfect method of analysis should provide the ability to determine simultaneously both the L-ascorbic acid and its various forms, and find distinct differences between these compounds. As a rule, during the analysis of vitamin C, the unique property of L-ascorbic acid to participate in redox reactions is applied (e.g. Tilmans' method). All other forms of vitamin C (oxidized form - L-dehydroascorbic acid and related form – ascorbic gene) remain outside the definition and results of analyses in most cases are understated. Also, in our opinion, the interaction of vitamin C with other components of food systems is a possible source of errors. It is known that starch absorbs relatively small amount of acids from solutions (up to 3%), so the results obtained cannot be explained only by adsorption of ascorbic acid on starch. Another possible explanation of ascorbic acid oxidation to dehydroascorbic acid is also wrong, because at the initial stage of the experiment it was showed that pretreatment of the sample with cyst deoxidizer ​​does not change the results of determination. Thus, in the test solutions a chemical or physical interaction between starch and ascorbic acid took place, and it intensified with the increase of concentration of starch and decreased with the increase of system stitching and its viscosity

A Fast HPLC Method for Determination of Vitamin E Acetate in Dietary Supplements Using Monolithic Column

A simple and fast high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with rapid separation on monolithic column has been developed for quantitative determination of vitamin E acetate in dietary supplements. Commercial samples of dietary supplements were extracted with 100 % methanol with the help of ultrasound bath. A 20-μL sample volume of the filtered solution was directly injected into the HPLC system. Separation of ballast matrix, vitamin E acetate, and internal standard cholecalciferol was performed on the monolithic column Chromolith Performance RP-18e column (100 × 4.6 mm) with mobile phase methanol/water (98:2, v/v) at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min−1 and at temperature 30 °C. The detector was set at 290 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, standard calibration curve was measured with good linearity—correlation coefficient for vitamin E acetate (r = 0.9992; n = 6) between the peak areas and concentrations of vitamin E acetate. Accuracy of the method defined as a mean recovery was in the range 96.4–103.6 % for all dietary supplements. The intraday method precision was satisfactory and relative standard deviation of sample analysis including preparation and determination of different dietary supplements was in the range 1.1–3.6 %. The developed method has shown high sample throughput during sample preparation process and short time (3.5 min) of analysis.

Simultaneous analysis of Vitamins A and E in infant milk-based formulae by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection using a short narrow-bore column

A rapid, simple and reproducible normal-phase (NP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–diode array detection (DAD) method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of Vitamin A (retinol acetate and retinol palmitate) and Vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate, α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols) in milk-based infant formulae was developed and validated. The preparation sample was based on protein precipitation and vitamin extraction with ethanol, followed by re-extraction with hexane, while the chromatographic method was based on the use of a short narrow-bore column (50 mm × 2.1 mm; 3 μm particle size), which afforded less solvent consumption and higher mass sensitivity. The method showed acceptable values for precision, recovery and sensitivity, and proved very simple for routine analysis work.

Oxidative defenses in the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax.

A study on the oxidative defenses during larval growth and under stress conditions was carried out in the bred sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. A high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the quantitative determination of vitamins C and E; glutathione peroxidase activity was measured by an enzymatic assay. Vitamin E was measured in the seminal fluid, eggs, embryos and larvae. Vitamins C and E, and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured in adults of Dicentrarchus labrax under normal conditions and subjected to hypoxia. Vitamin E content was high in seminal fluid, eggs, and embryos and at the early stage of larval development. It decreased slowly, but steadily, throughout the larval growth. In adults exposed to hypoxia, vitamins C and E levels were significantly lower with respect to the control group. Glutathione peroxidase levels showed a decrease in the hypoxia-subjected group, although the values were not significant.

Vitamin C, provitamin A carotenoids, and other carotenoids in high-pressurized orange juice during refrigerated storage.

Vitamin C, provitamin A carotenoids, and other carotenoids were measured in freshly squeezed juices from oranges (Citrus sinensis L. var. Valencia late) that were subjected to high-pressure (HP) treatment. Also, the stability of these compounds was studied during refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C. HP treatment is an alternative to heat preservation methods for foods; therefore, it is essential to assess the impact of HP on bioactive compounds. Several processes that combine HP treatment with heat treatment for various time periods were assayed: T0, fresh juice (without treatment); T1, 100 MPa/60 degrees C/5 min; T2, 350 MPa/30 degrees C/2.5 min; T3, 400 MPa/40 degrees C/1 min. Fresh and treated samples were kept refrigerated (4 degrees C) over 10 days. After application of HP and during the refrigeration period, the qualitative and quantitative determination of vitamin C, provitamin A carotenoids (beta- and alpha-carotene; beta- and alpha-cryptoxanthin), and the xanthophylls zeaxanthin and lutein was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography. T1 and T3 juices showed a decrease in ascorbic acid and total vitamin C just after HP treatment (D0) compared with T0 juices. On the contrary, T2 juices, just after HP treatment (D0), had the same levels of both compounds compared to untreated juices. T1, T2, and T3 treatments led to an increase in the extraction of carotenoids and provitamin A carotenoids. Total carotenoid content after the 10-day refrigerated storage period resulted in no significant quantitative changes in T1 juices, whereas in T2 and T3 juices small losses were found at the end of the storage period (20.56 and 9.16%, respectively). These losses could be influenced by the depleted protection of vitamin C toward carotenoid oxidation during the same period. A similar trend was found in provitamin A carotenoids for the different treated juices.

DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY VITAMINS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. II. METHODS VALIDATION

ABSTRACT Validation of methods for quantitative determination of vitamins in multivitamin preparations was performed. It was confirmed that tested methods are suitable for determination of both nonpolar vitamins (fat-soluble: A, D3 and E) and polar vitamins (water-soluble: B1, B2, B6, C, and PP). Determinations were quick and selective; they allowed a separation of peaks of vitamins to the baseline within 25 minutes. The ranges of concentration taken through the validation procedure were similar to daily doses of vitamins proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they were within the range of vitamin concentrations in common pharmaceutical preparations. In these ranges of concentration, the calibration graphs were linear (correlation coefficient r from 0.990 to 0.999). The repeatability of the methods (RSD) varied between 1.4 and 4.5% for fat-soluble vitamins and between 1.6 and 2.6% for water-soluble vitamins. The recoveries of added vitamins were between 98.1 and 100.4% for fat-soluble vitamins, and 97.2 and 99.0% for water-soluble vitamins. The sample solutions were stable for twenty-four hours after the preparation. The obtained results show that these methods are usable for automatic quantitative determination of vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations for quality control purposes.

DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY VITAMINS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. I. HPLC COLUMN SWITCHING

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to elaborate a solution enabling automation and fast quantitative determination of vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations. For this purpose, two analytical methods were combined in which different chromatographic stationary phases of different selectivity were employed. Application of the column-switching technique enabled sequential routine determination of the two different groups of vitamins. The proposed procedure was used for a quantitative determination of the vitamins: A, D3, E, B1, B2, B6, PP, and C in pharmaceutical preparations. It was proven that by means of this application, it is possible to perform about twelve complete analyses of vitamins within twenty-four hours.

Determination of vitamin B 12 in multivitamin tablets by multimode high-performance liquid chromatography

Quantitative determination of vitamin B 12 in B-complex tablets was performed by using multimode high-performance liquid chromatography. The multivitamin tablets (B 1, B 6 and B 12) were sonicated for 30 min in methanol–water (50:50, v/v) and diluted to appropriated volume with the same solvent. The resulting solution was filtered and the filtrate was analysed on a phenylpropanolamine bonded silica column (15 cm×4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm). The optimized mobile phase was 30 m M phosphate buffer (pH 3.00) containing 6% (v/v) acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 1 ml min −1 and the detection was measured at 361 nm. The calibration graph prepared using standards was linear from 0.05 to 0.25 μg. The determination limit was 25 ng, the relative standard deviation was 0.47% and recovery from tablet solution was 100%. An analysis was completed in 5 min. The new method is simple, rapid and precise.

Quantitative determination of vitamin E and oxidized and reduced coenzyme Q by high-performance liquid chromatography with in-line ultraviolet and electrochemical detection

We describe a sensitive quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E isomers (α, γ- and δ-tocopherol) oxidized coenzyme Q species (ubiquinone 9, ubiquinone 10) and reduced coenzyme Q homologues (ubiquinol 9, ubiquinol 10) in various tissues, including blood and plasma. The compounds of interest are quantitatively extracted with a fast one-step lipid extraction procedure and subjected to HPLC without further purification. The extract is separated on a reversed-phase column and the eluted compounds are monitored by sequential UV and electrochemical detection. Ubiquinones are detected at their 275 nm absorbance maximum, by the UV detector, whereas tocopherols and ubiquinols are monitored by the electrochemical detector with high sensitivity and selectivity. The method can detect as little as 1 pmol of the individual ubiquinones. Detection limits for tocopherols and ubiquinols are at least two orders of magnitude lower.

The Quantitative Determination of Vitamin C in Milk

The Quantitative Determination of Vitamin C in Milk

The Quantitative Determination of Vitamin C in Milk

The Quantitative Determination of Vitamin C in Milk