Quantitative Changes Research Articles

Application and development of a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of snakehead vesiculovirus.

Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) is one of the primary pathogens responsible for viral diseases in the snakehead fish. A TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay was established for the rapid detection and quantification of SHVV in this study. Specific primers and fluorescent probes were designed for phosphoprotein (P) gene, and after optimizing the reaction conditions, the results indicated that the detection limit of this method could reach 37.1 copies, representing a 100-fold increase in detection sensitivity compared to RT-PCR. The specificity testing results revealed that this method exhibited no cross-reactivity with ISKNV, LMBV, RSIV, RGNNV, GCRV, and CyHV-2. Repetition experiments demonstrated that both intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of variation were not higher than 1.66%. Through in vitro infection experiments monitoring the quantitative changes of SHVV in different tissues, the results indicated that the liver and spleen exhibited the highest viral load at 3 poi. The TaqMan-based real-time PCR method established in this study exhibits high sensitivity, excellent specificity, and strong reproducibility. It can be employed for rapid detection and viral load monitoring of SHVV, thus providing a robust tool for the clinical diagnosis and pathogen research of SHVV.

Atmospheric Degradation of Ecologically Important Biogenic Volatiles: Investigating the Ozonolysis of (E)-β-Ocimene, Isomers of α and β-Farnesene, α-Terpinene and 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One, and Their Gas-Phase Products.

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs), synthesised by plants, are important mediators of ecological interactions that can also undergo a series of reactions in the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant generated through sunlight-driven reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and VOCs. Its levels have increased since the industrial revolution and reactions involving ozone drive many chemical processes in the troposphere. While ozone precursors often originate in urban areas, winds may carry these hundreds of kilometres, causing ozone formation to also occur in less populated rural regions. Under elevated ozone conditions, ozonolysis of bVOCs can result in quantitative and qualitative changes in the gas phase, reducing the concentrations of certain bVOCs and resulting in the formation of other compounds. Such changes can result in disruption of bVOC-mediated behavioural or ecological interactions. Through a series of gas-phase experiments using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), we investigated the products and their yields from the ozonolysis of a range of ubiquitous bVOCs, which were selected because of their importance in mediating ecological interactions such as pollinator and natural enemy attraction and plant-to-plant communication, namely: (E)-β-ocimene, isomers of α and β-farnesene, α-terpinene and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. New products from the ozonolysis of these compounds were identified, and the formation of these compounds is consistent with terpene-ozone oxidation mechanisms. We present the degradation mechanism of our model bVOCs and identify their reaction products. We discuss the potential ecological implications of the degradation of each bVOC and of the formation of reaction products.

Radiomics on spatial-temporal manifolds via Fokker-Planck dynamics.

Delta radiomics is a high-throughput computational technique used to describe quantitative changes in serial, time-series imaging by considering the relative change in radiomic features of images extracted at two distinct time points. Recent work has demonstrated a lack of prognostic signal of radiomic features extracted using this technique. We hypothesize that this lack of signal is due to the fundamental assumptions made when extracting features via delta radiomics, and that other methods should be investigated. The purpose of this work was to show a proof-of-concept of a new radiomics paradigm for sparse, time-series imaging data, where features are extracted from a spatial-temporal manifold modeling the time evolution between images, and to assess the prognostic value on patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). To accomplish this, we developed an algorithm to mathematically describe the relationship between two images acquired at time and . These images serve as boundary conditions of a partial differential equation describing the transition from one image to the other. To solve this equation, we propagate the position and momentum of each voxel according to Fokker-Planck dynamics (i.e., a technique common in statistical mechanics). This transformation is driven by an underlying potential force uniquely determined by the equilibrium image. The solution generates a spatial-temporal manifold (3 spatial dimensions + time) from which we define dynamic radiomic features. First, our approach was numerically verified by stochastically sampling dynamic Gaussian processes of monotonically decreasing noise. The transformation from high to low noise was compared between our Fokker-Planck estimation and simulated ground-truth. To demonstrate feasibility and clinical impact, we applied our approach to 18F-FDG-PET images to estimate early metabolic response of patients (n=57) undergoing definitive (chemo)radiation for OPC. Images were acquired pre-treatment and 2-weeks intra-treatment (after 20Gy). Dynamic radiomic features capturing changes in texture and morphology were then extracted. Patients were partitioned into two groups based on similar dynamic radiomic feature expression via k-means clustering and compared by Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests (p<0.05). These results were compared to conventional delta radiomics to test the added value of our approach. Numerical results confirmed our technique can recover image noise characteristics given sparse input data as boundary conditions. Our technique was able to model tumor shrinkage and metabolic response. While no delta radiomics features proved prognostic, Kaplan-Meier analyses identified nine significant dynamic radiomic features. The most significant feature was Gray-Level-Size-Zone-Matrix gray-level variance (p=0.011), which demonstrated prognostic improvement over its corresponding delta radiomic feature (p=0.722). We developed, verified, and demonstrated the prognostic value of a novel, physics-based radiomics approach over conventional delta radiomics via data assimilation of quantitative imaging and differential equations.

Problems of cryopreservation of male gametes of Gallus gallus domesticus – the role of membrane lipids (review)

The review reveals the current state of knowledge of the plasma membranes molecular composition of rooster spermatozoa and its role in maintaining the morphofunctional integrity of cells under low-temperature stress. The use of the method of cryopreservation of the semen in poultry breeding is still in the field of scientific development, since the level of fertility of the frozen-thawed semen is not high enough to be used for application in the commertial poultry flocks. When solving the problems of improving the quality of thawed roosters semen it is necessary to rely on the effectiveness of cryoprotective media, as well as to determine the most vulnerable organells of structure of the spermatozoa apparatus during freezing. Rooster spermatozoa are surrounded by a unique plasma membrane, which includes a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), sterols, a number of phospholipids, glycolipids, which play an important functional role in the interactions between spermatozoa and oocytes and affect their ability to fertilize. The study of the lipid composition of the cell plasma membranel and its dynamic state is necessary to identify the key factors of cell cryoresistance; the manifestation of their quantitative and qualitative changes may indicate a possible degradation occurring inside the cells under conditions of low-temperature stress. This review presents the results of studies proving the exceptional role of the lipid composition of spermatozoa membranes in the mechanisms of cell cryoresistance and the preservation of their morphofunctional usefulness under thermal stress.

Quantitative changes in the corneal endothelium and central corneal thickness during anterior chamber inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To establish the effects of anterior chamber inflammation (ACI) on the corneal endothelium parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT). We conducted a comprehensive literature review using medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, VHL, and medRxiv) on March 8, 2023, for studies that included patients with ACI who had undergone specular microscopy or pachymetry. Case series with >10 patients, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed using CLARITY tools and validated scales such as those by Hassan Murad et al. and Hoy et al. A narrative synthesis and a quantitative standardized mean difference meta-analysis, I2 heterogeneity assessment, and publication bias tests were conducted. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023420148) and approved by the Universidad del Rosario ethical committee (DVO005 2277- CV1712). Thirty-four studies, encompassing 1,388 eyes with ACI, were included. Compared with healthy controls, overall, ACI eyes show significant mean differences in endothelial parameters (endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonality (HEX)) (P < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis compared with healthy controls, both active and chronic-recurrent ACI demonstrated a reduced ECD. An increased CV was observed in active, inactive, and chronic-recurrent ACI. Lower HEX was evident in inactive, acute, and chronic-recurrent ACI, while both active and acute ACI exhibited high CCT. ACI leads to significant alterations in endothelial parameters and CCT. The primary contributors to these changes are increased IOP, uveitis duration, and intraocular surgeries. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of ACI etiology on the endothelium, potential biases in IOP measurements during acute ACI episodes, and the potential necessity for monitoring the endothelial parameters and CCT in patients with chronic ACI.

Dysfunction of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in major depressive disorder.

Despite mounting evidence demonstrates circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) quantitative changes in depression, no study has investigated cEPC functions in major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigated the role of cEPC adhesive and apoptotic functions in MDD. We recruited 68 patients with MDD and 56 healthy controls (HCs). The depression symptoms, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, subjective cognitive dysfunction, quality of life, and functional disability were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), respectively. Working memory and executive function were assessed using a 2-back task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Inflammatory marker (soluble interleukin-6 receptor, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1), cEPC adhesive, and apoptotic levels were measured using in vitro assays. The MDD patients showed significantly lower cEPC adhesive levels than the HCs, and this difference in adhesive function remained statistically significant even after adjusting for inflammatory marker levels. The cEPC adhesion levels were in inverse correlations with commission and omission errors in 2-back task, the percent perseverative response and percent perseverative errors in WCST, and the DSSS and SDS scores, but in positive correlations with SF-12 physical and mental component scores. cEPC apoptotic levels did not differ significantly between the groups. The findings indicate that cEPC adhesive function is diminished in MDD and impacts various aspects of cognitive and psychosocial functions associated with the disorder.

The Effect of Peppermint and Thyme Oils on Stabilizing the Fatty Acid Profile of Sunflower Oil.

Presently, there is an increasing shift towards the utilization of natural antioxidants and compounds with protective attributes for fatty acids in order to replace synthetic counterparts that may pose health risks. This transition aligns with the growing emphasis on promoting healthy and organic food choices. Essential oils stand out in this context due to scientific validations of their antioxidant properties. There are few published research results concerning changes in the fatty acid composition in model systems with the addition of essential oils. This study aims to investigate the impact of incorporating peppermint and thyme oils on inhibiting changes in the fatty acid profile of sunflower oil stored at both room temperature with exposure to daylight and in a thermostat set at 40 °C. The experimental procedure involved the addition of peppermint and thyme oils, along with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), to batches of sunflower oil. The samples were then stored for 11 months. The study observed a detrimental influence of storage conditions on the quantitative changes in the fatty acid profile of the sunflower oil. The addition of BHA stabilized the content of linoleic acid in the sunflower oil (approximately 53 g/100 g of linoleic acid compared to approximately 58 g/100 g in the control sample). Meanwhile, the model system of sunflower oil with the addition of peppermint and thyme oils (40 °C) exhibited a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid to approximately 8 g/100 g after eleven months of thermostating. Similar trends to those observed for linoleic acid were noted for the total fatty acid content in the sunflower oil. Notably, the efficacy of the selected substances in inhibiting adverse transformations in fats was contingent upon their concentration and the storage temperature.

Ameliorative inhibition of sirtuin 6 by imidazole derivative triggers oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis associated with Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Background: Redox homeostasis is the vital regulatory system with respect to antioxidative response and detoxification. The imbalance of redox homeostasis causes oxidative stress. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2, also called Nfe2l2)/Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling is the major regulator of redox homeostasis. Nrf2/Keap1 signaling is reported to be involved in cancer cell growth and survival. A high level of Nrf2 in cancers is associated with poor prognosis, resistance to therapeutics, and rapid proliferation, framing Nrf2 as an interesting target in cancer biology. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are class III histone deacetylases with NAD + dependent deacetylase activity that have a remarkable impact on antioxidant and redox signaling (ARS) linked with Nrf2 deacetylation thereby increasing its transcription by epigenetic modifications which has been identified as a crucial event in cancer progression under the influence of oxidative stress in various transformed cells. SIRT6 plays an important role in the cytoprotective effect of multiple diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to inhibit SIRT6 using an imidazole derivative, Ethyl 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-H-Imidazole-4-yl] acetate, to assess its impact on Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines. Method: Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ethyl 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-H-Imidazole-4-yl] acetate was fixed by cell viability assay. The changes in the gene expression of important regulators involved in this study were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein expression changes were confirmed by Western blotting. The changes in the antioxidant molecules are determined by biochemical assays. Further, morphological studies were performed to observe the generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Results: We inhibited SIRT6 using Ethyl 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-H-Imidazole-4-yl] acetate and demonstrated that SIRT6 inhibition impacts the modulation of antioxidant and redox signaling. The level of antioxidant enzymes and percentage of reactive oxygen species scavenging activity were depleted. The morphological studies showed ROS generation, mitochondrial damage, nuclear damage, and apoptosis. The molecular examination of apoptotic factors confirmed apoptotic cell death. Further, molecular studies confirmed the changes in Nrf2 and Keap1 expression during SIRT6 inhibition. Conclusion: The overall study suggests that SIRT6 inhibition by imidazole derivative disrupts Nrf2/Keap1 signaling leading to oxidative stress and apoptosis induction.

A numerical investigation of stress, strain, and bone density changes due to bone remodelling in the talus bone following total ankle arthroplasty

Total ankle arthroplasty is the gold standard surgical treatment for severe ankle arthritis and fracture. However, revision surgeries due to the in vivo failure of the ankle implant are a serious concern. Extreme bone density loss due to bone remodelling is one of the main reasons for in situ implant loosening, with aseptic loosening of the talar component being one of the primary reasons for total ankle arthroplasty revisions. This study is aimed at determining the performance and potential causes of failure of the talar component. Herein, we investigated the stress, strain, and bone density changes that take place in the talus bone during the first 6 months of bone remodelling due to the total ankle arthroplasty procedure. Computed tomography scans were used to generate the 3D geometry used in the finite element (FE) model of the Intact and implanted ankle. The Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR™) CAD files were generated, and virtual placement within bone models was done following surgical guidelines. The dorsiflexion physiological loading condition was investigated. The cortical region of the talus bone was found to demonstrate the highest values of stress (5.02 MPa). Next, the adaptive bone remodelling theory was used to predict bone density changes over the initial 6-month post-surgery. A significant change in bone density was observed in the talus bone due to bone remodelling. The observed quantitative changes in talus bone density over 6-month period underscore potential implications for implant stability and fracture susceptibility. These findings emphasise the importance of considering such biomechanical factors in ankle implant design and clinical management.

Correlation between Cognition and Quantitative EEG Changes in Patients with Migraine

Background: Migraine is a common debilitating disorder characterized by attacks of mostly unilateral, moderate to severe, throbbingheadaches. The diagnosis of migraine is made according to the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders developed by the International Headache Society. There are several types of migraine, the most common of which are migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Objectives: This study aims to find the correlations between quantitative EEG changes and cognition in migraine patients. Patients and Methods: The study included 20 migraine patients,10 during pain attack (ictal phase) and 10 during pain-free period (inter-ictal), in addition to18 healthy controls.Montreal cognitive assessment and 20 minutes scalp EEG were done. After that, four seconds epochs were taken from the EEG record to find the powerspectral density (PSD) for each of the waves in the range of[detlaδ(0.5-4)Hz, theta θ(4-8)Hz, alpha α (8-12)Hz,and beta β (12-30)Hz]. The study was conducted in Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghdad from October 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Results: Quantitative EEG analysis revealed that there is a significant decrease in theta and beta waves in descending pattern from control to inter-ictal and then to ictal migraine patientswhile alpha wave increased in ascending pattern from control to inter-ictal to ictal migraine patients. In cognition, there was a significant difference between controls and migraine patients in recall memory, language, and abstraction domains. Conclusions: Quantitative EEG findings suggest that alpha waves correlate negatively with cognition, while both theta and beta waves correlate positively with cognitive level. Received: June,, 2022 Accepted: Oct. 2023 Published: Jan.2024

Исследование изменения сети расселения в аридной зоне Узбекистана

The paper examines the issues of integrating geodata from different sources for geoinformation mapping of the transformation of rural settlement. The object of the study is the change in the population settlement network in the Khorezm oasis and the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. The study is based on the use of materials from official state statistics on the population in the context of individual settlements, cartographic materials and satellite imagery, and the results of field surveys for geoinformation mapping. An algorithm for geoinformation research of changes in the area and population of settlements over 1959-2023 is proposed. OpenStreet Map geodata are used as a base map, the detail and geometric accuracy of which are sufficient to calculate the quantitative characteristics of the transformation. Multi-temporal topographic maps at a scale of 1:200,000 for 1959, 1979 and 1989 are used to create geodata in vector format. Geocoding of source materials was carried out to form a database consisting of blocks for several dates. The results of the automatically calculated areas of each settlement were used to calculate their growth. Remote sensing materials, in particular, space materials obtained from the Landsat satellite for 1994, Landsat / Copernicus Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GE- BCO April 10, 2013–December 14, 2015, October 4–December 14, 2023, and posted on Google Earth Pro, are used to update data geometry. ArcGIS Online services are used for interactive mapping. Data on the population of each locality on the indicated dates were used to calculate growth for the periods 1959–1979, 1979–1989, 1989–2023. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that at certain stages of development the transformation process is characterized by qualitative and quantitative changes in the settlement network. Methods of geospatial analysis were used to identify changes in the types and forms of settlement that characterize the features of the transformation.

Features of immune reactivity of the spleen and mechanisms of organ damage under the influence of animal venom toxins including scorpions (review).

Aim: To establish features of immune reactivity of the spleen and mechanisms of organ damage under the influence of animal venom toxins including scorpions. Materials and Methods: A thorough literature analysis was conducted on the basis of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. When processing the search results, we chose the newest publications up to 5 years old or the most thorough publications that vividly described the essence of our topic. Conclusions: Spleen plays a leading role in the implementation of the body's defense processes, the elimination of structural elements affected by toxins, and the restoration of immune homeostasis. Its participation in the formation of the immune response can be accompanied by qualitative and quantitative changes in histological organization. Morpho-functional changes in the spleen under the action of animal venom toxins currently require careful study, because from the information available in the literature today, it is not possible to clearly construct a complete picture of lesions of certain components of the organ at the microscopic or submicroscopic levels. Therefore, this direction of research in the medical field is currently relevant, taking into account the existence of a large number of poisonous animals, including scorpions.

Calculation of the Deadlines for the Implementation of Key Measures of the Moscow Housing Stock Renovation Program

To ensure the deadlines for the implementation of the Moscow housing stock renovation program, it is fundamentally important to use an up-to-date model for the implementation of the program. The presented article is devoted to the development of methods for assessing the dynamics of the duration of the processes of resettlement of residents and demolition of evicted houses under the renovation program. As a solution to this problem, the use of a time series estimation method is proposed. The purpose of the study was to identify quantitative changes in the values of the average duration of the processes of resettlement and demolition of apartment buildings during the implementation of the renovation program, the development and approbation of algorithms for their calculation. In case of positive experience in the application of the developed methodology, it can be extended to use in the study of the dynamics of other processes in the renovation program. Including when assessing the duration of construction of new houses.

Agrochemical properties of the soils of intensive apple orchards in Bukhara region

This scientific article presents the agrochemical properties of the soil of small apple trees cultivated on the basis of water and resourceefficient technology of the horticultural farm "Siyovush Agro" LLC located in the territory of Bog'ikalon MFY, Bukhara region, Bukhara district. A complete agrochemical analysis of humus, soil type, anion-cations, dry matter and salt content in the intensive small apple orchards of LLC "Siyovush Agro" farm was carried out on a scientific basis. The existing soils in the territory of Bogikalon MFY differ sharply in terms of their morphological structure properties and characteristics, ultimately, for the purposeful and complete implementation of agrotechnical works such as improving their land reclamation, maintaining and increasing their productivity, the properties and properties of existing irrigated soils, as well as water, physical, nutrient regimes enrichment with new data and indicators is required. It should be noted that the formation of anthropogenic soil due to the accumulation of new alluvial compounds in the soil profile leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in biological processes.

Metabolic profiles associated with exposure to ambient particulate air pollution: findings from the Betula cohort.

Air pollution is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality globally and has been linked to an increased risk of dementia. Previous studies within the Betula cohort in Northern Sweden have demonstrated associations between air pollution and dementia, as well as distinctive metabolomic profiles in dementia patients compared to controls. This study aimed to investigate whether air pollution is associated with quantitative changes in metabolite levels within this cohort, and whether future dementia status would modify this association. Both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution were evaluated using high spatial resolution models and measured data. Air pollution from vehicle exhaust and woodsmoke were analyzed separately. Metabolomic profiling was conducted on 321 participants, including 58 serum samples from dementia patients and a control group matched for age, sex, and education level, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No statistically significant associations were found between any metabolites and any measures of short-term or long-term exposure to air pollution. However, there were trends potentially suggesting associations between both long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution with lactate and glucose metabolites. Notably, these associations were observed despite the lack of correlation between long-term and short-term air pollution exposure in this cohort. There were also tendencies for associations between air pollution from woodsmoke to be more pronounced in participants that would later develop dementia, suggesting a potential effect depending on urban/rural factors. While no significant associations were found, the trends observed in the data suggest potential links between air pollution exposure and changes in lactate and glucose metabolites. These findings provide some new insights into the link between air pollution and metabolic markers in a low-exposure setting. However, addressing existing limitations is crucial to improve the robustness and applicability of future research in this area. The pronounced associations in participants who later developed dementia may indicate an influence of urban/rural factors, warranting further investigation.

Trends in the elements of the carbonate system of Lake Ladoga

During the observation period in 2003 – 2021, it was shown that the total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon, represented in the water of Lake Ladoga mainly HCO3ˉ and CO2 has been increasing in recent years. The concentration of CO2 has a sufficiently large spatial and temporal variability and, in terms of carbon at the stations under consideration, can range from 0.6 to 47 % of the total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon, depending on the change in the ratio of production and destruction processes in different seasons at different horizons. At the same time, a significant interannual trend of an increase in the total concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide and, accordingly, a decrease in the hydrogen index was revealed. Calculation of the balance of dissolved in water and atmospheric CO2 showed that, in general, CO2 concentrations in water exceed equilibrium, however, at the peak of the growing season, the surface layer of the lake in some cases, on the contrary, can absorb carbon dioxide from the air. This effect of the «biological pump» is most clearly manifested in the nutrient-rich and heated shallow part of the lake. However, in the main body of water, there is an interannual trend of increasing the calculated concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide relative to its equilibrium concentrations with the atmosphere. Due to the shortage of nutrients, primarily phosphorus, an increase in temperature does not lead to an increase in productivity and CO2 consumption. Stoichiometric ratios of apparent oxygen and carbon deficiency, in turn, demonstrate that the quantitative change in the content of dissolved carbon in water can be fully explained by oxidation or synthesis of organic matter in only a third of the cases considered. In the remaining 2/3 of cases, the increase in the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon may be associated with an increase in carbon runoff from the catchment area into Lake Ladoga, or with intra-reservoir processes associated with the peculiarities of accumulation and redistribution of CO2 in the water column.

Dependence of quality indicators of tea leaves on soil metal ions

The article presents information on the influence of metal ions on the shoots of the Chinese tea plant - Thea sinensis L., cultivated in experimental and field conditions of the Lankaran Regional Scientific Center. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 on river sections located in the village of Khanbulan of Lankaran region, and the village of Khychu, Lerik region, which represent a subtropical zone with high humidity. Soil samples were taken and its water capacity and water-holding capacity, mechanical and organic components, as well as ions of certain metals were determined. The tea plant is very sensitive to environmental factors. Demanding on soil acidity, relative humidity, light and heat. Therefore, in our studies, to ensure the dynamic development of the tea plant, ash-yellow and ash-clay-yellow soil samples were taken. Thus, since the common soil types in this region are ash-clay-yellow and provide the presence of metal ions in the lump, this affects both the quality of the tea leaf and the antioxidant nature of the bioactive compounds of the extractive substance, as well as the color shades of tea. It is in this regard that the tea plant differs significantly from other drinks in its active influence on people’s well-being and health. For this, flavonoids are used in tea leaves - theine, catechin + theine complex, flavanol, caffeine, etc. Quantitative indicators are defined as a quantitative change in the extractive substance depending on metal-ions [1, 2, 3]. It is clear from the research that a certain metal ion is dominant for tea plants according to the nature of soil types. For the tea plant, FeO, Fe2O3, Ał2O3, MnO (iron and aluminum ions) are of special importance and are indispensable nutrients.

Labeled-free quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma identifies potential protein biomarkers.

Cervical cancer remains a prevalent cancer among women, and reliance on surgical and radio-chemical therapies can irreversibly affect patients' life span and quality of life. Thus, early diagnosis and further exploration into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer are crucial. Mass spectrometry technology is widely applied in clinical practice and can be used to further investigate the protein alterations during the onset of cervical cancer. Employing labeled-free quantitative proteomics technology and bioinformatics tools, we analyzed and compared the differential protein expression profiles between normal cervical squamous cell tissues and cervical squamous cell cancer tissues. GEPIA is an online website for analyzing the RNA sequencing expression data of tumor and normal tissue data from the TCGA and the GTEx databases. This approach aided in identifying qualitative and quantitative changes in key proteins related to the progression of cervical cancer. Compared to normal samples, a total of 562 differentially expressed proteins were identified in cervical cancer samples, including 340 up-regulated and 222 down-regulated proteins. Gene ontology functional annotation, and KEGG pathway, and enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly participated in metabolic pathways, spliceosomes, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesion signaling pathways. Specifically, desmoplakin (DSP), protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 13 like (PPP1R13L) and ANXA8 may be involved in cervical tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptotic signal transmission. Moreover, we used GEPIA database to validate the expression of DSP, PPP1R13L and ANXA8 in human cancers and normal cervix. In this study, we identified 562 differentially expressed proteins, and there were three proteins expressed higher in the cervical cancer tissues. The functions and signaling pathways of these differentially expressed proteins lay a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer.

Influence of anthropogenic factors on anatomo-morphological and physiological indices of needles of common pine trees

The article presents the results of the influence of anthropogenic factors on the changes in anatomo-morphological and physiological features of the structure of pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in different habitat conditions in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod region. Necrosis and desiccation of needles in places with the most intensive motor transport traffic exceeded the control variant by 30.0-72.0 %, respectively. The experimental variant showed changes in the anatomical structure of pine leaf: epidermis thickness increased (by 60%), the area of assimilation tissue decreased by 34.6%, the diameter of resin passages decreased (by 5.0%) and their number (by 60.0%), the distance between conductive bundles (by 26.7%) and their diameter (by 37.8%), compared to the control variant. Under conditions of anthropogenic load, changes in the pigment composition of pine needles were observed: the content of chlorophyll a decreased by 9.1%, chlorophyll b - increased by 29.1%, carotenoids did not change, compared to the control variant. Thus, the results obtained expand the understanding of morphology, anatomy and pigment composition of needles of common pine growing under urban conditions. Quantitative changes in these indicators depend on the growing area.

Changes in the morphology, chemical composition of carbohydrates and fat content of hydroponically grown wheat

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, but in water or a nutrient-rich solution. In the hydroponics method, feed is converted from various seeds into high-quality, nutritious, green mass animal feed in a natural environment. Green mass is the main fodder for most farm animals, with a high nutritional value. Wheat grown hydroponically is a food rich in many vitamins and estrogenic substances. The use of this feed is especially important in poultry farming. In our study, changes in the morphology, biomass yield, and chemical composition of hydroponic wheat were studied depending on the growing days. In this article, the chemical composition of hydroponically grown wheat, which is used as a nutritional supplement in broiler chickens’ diet, as well as the quantitative changes of carbohydrates and fat in it, as well as the effect on broiler weight gain, were determined and analyzed. Key words: hydroponics, hydroponic wheat, green biomass, chemical composition, carbohydrate content, fat