Quantitative Analysis Research Articles

Surface-bound radicals enhancing detoxification of enrofloxacin during peroxymonosulfate oxidation: Activated carbon vs. alumina as catalyst carriers

Recent studies have found the presence of surface-bound radicals (Surf-R) during the heterogeneously catalyzed peroxymonosulfate (PMS), especially when the catalyst carriers possess a high adsorption capacity. However, the effects of Surf-R on the toxicity of transformation products (TPs) are still not well elucidated. In this study, Co and Mn were loaded onto commonly used carriers: activated carbon and alumina (CoMn@AC vs CoMn@Al2O3) to create comparable catalytic centers but distinct adsorption capacity, which was proved by material characterization (SEM, EDS, BET, XPS), adsorption and catalytic tests. Both images and quantitative analysis with 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that the reaction solutions of enrofloxacin from two catalysts composed differently when a same degradation efficiency was achieved. It was further found that the respiratory inhibition of CoMn@AC catalyzed samples was only 7~36% of the counterpart. 50 TPs were identified with UPLC-MS/MS, among which 31 TPs were possibly more toxic than enrofloxacin according to the calculation with the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool. CoMn@Al2O3 produced 14 unique toxic TPs while CoMn@AC only 4. The analysis with EPR revealed that both catalysts generated SO4•-, •OH, and 1O2; quenching tests proved a lot of Surf-R with CoMn@AC but not with CoMn@Al2O3. This study demonstrates the high potential of Surf-R to enhance the detoxification of organic contaminants during PMS oxidation and thus provides a reference for designing novel catalysts to achieve efficient contaminant degradation and detoxification.

Impacts of meteorological conditions on the plummeting surface-reaching solar radiation over a sub-tropical station – Pune, India

The unprecedented rise of solar energy as a dominant power source is a remarkable feat, considering our historical struggle to establish its widespread adoption. However, the dynamics of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface are greatly influenced by meteorological conditions such as clouds, aerosols, and wind speed. This study investigates the detailed changes in surface-reaching solar radiation within the subtropical region Pune from 1993 to 2022. By employing analytical methodologies including linear regression, wavelet coherence, and quantitative analysis, our study reveals a compelling and alarming pattern of plummeting solar radiation over Pune (also known as solar dimming). The total drop is ∼1.04 Wm−2 year−1 (0.21 % year−1), with a more steep decline registered from 2018 to 2022, providing an astonishing rate of ∼6.01 Wm−2 year−1 (1.21 % year−1). Moreover, wavelet coherence transform revealed an antiphase coherence between solar radiation and both clouds and aerosols, suggesting their substantial influence over a longer timeframe. Extensive analysis utilizing observational data is conducted to find the contributing elements to the significant decline during 2018 to June 2022. Analysis of solar radiation statistics showed that clouds led to a substantial reduction of ∼30.18 % compared to conditions with clear-skies. Similarly, the aerosols have a comparable effect, reducing radiation by ∼17.75 % compared to days characterized by low or negligible aerosol loading for the same period. Furthermore, a through statistical analysis investigates a notable anticorrelation (ρ = −0.64) between wind speed and solar radiation. These findings underscore the imperative of incorporating climatic variables while studying solar dimming trends and devising sustainable renewable energy strategies to ensure the long-term viability of solar energy source.

Quantitative Analysis and Spatial Pattern Research of Built-Up Environments and Surface Urban Heat Island Effect in Beijing’s Main Urban Area

Quantitative Analysis and Spatial Pattern Research of Built-Up Environments and Surface Urban Heat Island Effect in Beijing’s Main Urban Area

What is a fair price for a medicine? Establishing the main elements of a fair price based on the current policy debate

ObjectiveUnfair medicines prices have been discussed widely as an obstacle for patient access. This article aims to structure the discussion about fair pricing of medicines, analyses the elements for a fair price, and assesses its practical implications. MethodsA systematic literature research has been undertaken and complemented by gray literature. Definitions and elements of a fair price have been extracted from the sample, categorized via a thematic and a quantitative analysis, and mirrored against the traditional framework of ‘iustum pretium’ (fair price). ResultsThe most often attributes of a fair price mentioned were affordability (n = 30), followed by value and research and development (R&D) investment (n = 20). Other frequently mentioned attributes are profitability (n = 19), transparency of R&D costs (n = 18), cost-effectiveness (n = 17), and manufacturing (n = 14). Nearly all definitions present fair price as a balance between different objectives. ConclusionsMost publications stipulate that medicines are a common good and should be affordable. At the same time, most publications also propose a pricing approach based on covering costs for R&D and/or on value. Consequently, most of the attempts to clarify fair price result in a value-affordability dilemma, which does not necessarily warrant patient access. Many social health systems implement pricing regardless of the debate. This systematic review offers a set of attributes for fair price and helps refining the existing pricing and reimbursement regulations. Once complemented by empirical datapoints, it provides the basis for developing a framework for fair pricing.

Perceptions of Responsibilities by Primary Care Staff in a Patient-Centered Medical Home.

To examine the extent to which Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Patient-Aligned Care Team (PACT) members have a shared understanding/ agreement upon and enact responsibilities within the team. The PACT model focuses on team-based care management. However, lack of a shared understanding of team-based care management roles and responsibilities makes system-wide implementation a challenge. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of national survey data collected in 2022 from primary care personnel working in a VHA-affiliated primary care facility. Significant discrepancies exist in responses about what core team members say they do and what others perceive they should be doing, indicating either a lack of agreement, knowledge, or training about what core team members should do. Successful implementation of a team-based model requires adequate support and training for teamwork including shared mental models to work according to their clinical competency. Clear guidance and communication of expectations are critical for role clarity.

Probabilistic design and optimization of thermal protection system with variable thickness based on non-uniform aerodynamic heating

Thermal Protection System (TPS) is a critical component of space vehicles to protect them from damage by extreme aerothermal heating conditions. The uncertainty of the aerothermal heating conditions, including approaching velocities, atmospheric density, pressure, etc., significantly affects the aerothermal heating imposed on the TPS, vastly changing the initial design conditions. In this study, we developed a new uncertainty quantitative (UQ) analysis method to comprehensively consider all the uncertainty of TPS materials, structures, and aerothermal heating conditions. To address the challenges of a massive amount of input and determined optimization parameters, we first induced the response surface method and Monte Carlo algorithm to produce a large number of analysis samples for Probabilistic Design. Then, the key affecting factors, not all the input design parameters, were chosen for optimization with sequential optimization and reliability assessment (SORA) strategy by a sensitivity analysis. With such improvements, the optimization for UQ analysis becomes practical. We used this new UQ method to analyze the effects of uncertainty of the aerothermal heating conditions on the thermal protection layer. A variable thickness design is proposed to adapt the non-uniform aerothermal heating conditions for the TPS. The results show that significant light-weighting can be achieved without the reliability penalty. The optimized structure also reduces internal temperature gradients and facilitates a more uniform temperature field distribution for the TPS. This study provides a new UQ engineering design approach for the system with many designed parameters.

Holistic personas to increase the novice developer productivity

A deeper understanding and integration with system users' thoughts and emotional experiences are required for user-engaged development. User experience (UX) journey integrates user requirements and problem-solving approaches. The integration of data-driven techniques and user-centric approaches in software development is investigated in this study. It focuses on using the Markov chain model to predict developer productivity based on data gathered while creating personas across three projects. Organizations can gain valuable insights into user needs and requirements by conducting purposeful activities such as strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, competitor analysis, hypothesis formulation, identification of behavioral variables, mapping interviews, and defining characteristics and objectives. The model has predictive capabilities that allow for more informed decision-making, more efficient resource allocation, and better project planning. The goal of the activity and the model ensure the development of software products that effectively meet the needs of users, resulting in a higher success rate for software development initiatives. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis to drive successful software development projects and increase productivity while meeting user needs. According to the findings of the research conducted from the three projects completed, the proposed methods have similarities, and predictions using the Markov chain can determine the success of novice developers.

Remanufactured Waste Tire By-product Valorization: Quantitative–Qualitative Sustainability-based Assessment

Automotive tires are a major waste stream and there are currently numerous options for reusing, recycling, and remanufacturing the waste tire rubber (WTR) and other components. Some competing technologies (retreading, product repurposing, energy recovery, pyrolysis oil, waste-tire crumbing, and devulcanized rubber) are discussed here to demonstrate the broad scope of possible applications and identify the advantages/disadvantages of the processes. Based on the industrial maturity of the processes, this study performed a qualitative–quantitative fuzzy analysis of twelve alternative by-products of WTR, including 1) devulcanized or desulfurized rubber; 2) tiles, mats, and rod barriers; 3) composite materials; 4) bitumen; 5) asphalt; 6) heat energy; 7) crude oil; 8) diesel; 9) char and carbon black; 10) gasification gas; 11) activated adsorption carbon; and 12) lightweight concrete. Quantitative sustainability considerations were applied to weight the technical, economic, environmental, and social sustainability factors according to their importance, while qualitative factors were applied to weight the sustainability criteria of productivity, reliability, efficiency, waste tire size range, remanufacturing time, remanufacturing cost, ergonomics, human development, and employment potential based on insights from the published literature. Comparative literature-based statistical analysis of potential tire resources and conventional waste-tire recycling was performed. The results identified remanufacturing of WTR into devulcanized rubber sheets as the best sustainable business option with the highest sustainability index of 0.628, while lightweight concrete was the worst by-product option with a low sustainability index of 0.012. Other very-high-potential options include producing value-added rubber products and composite materials from the devulcanized rubber. These findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders in the field of waste-tire management and small-to-medium businesses looking to add further value to their WTR products. Furthermore, these findings could guide international research to help focus on the most sustainable use of WTR.

Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR

BackgroundOne Health focuses on sustainable health for humans, animals, and ecosystems. The approach has been well demonstrated, yet most efforts have not been scaled up. Understanding the organisations involved in scaling up processes is critical to translating research into practice. The Lao People's Democratic Republic has successfully implemented One Health projects for multiple decades; however, the organisational network has not been described and scaling up efforts have been limited. MethodsData from organisations involved in One Health projects over the past five years were collected by key-informant interview or workshop. The network was investigated using a mixture of quantitative network analysis and qualitative thematic analysis. ResultsThe organisational network was quantitatively described as sparse and centralised. Organisations were required to harness pre-existing relationships to maximise scarce resources and make co-ordination and alignment of priorities more efficient. A lack of international organisations in the top 10% of resource sharing metrics suggests a potential disconnect between donors. This was reflected in the challenges faced by national organisations and a feeling of being stretched thin over numerous externally funded projects with donor-driven priorities. ConclusionsIt appears that high-level political support for country ownership of development and aid priorities remains unrealised. Developing network capacity and capability may assist scaling up efforts and build resilience in the network and its core organisations. This may allow for the inclusion of more development, education, environment, and water, sanitation, and hygiene organisations that were perceived to be lacking. Future One Health programmes should focus on practical activities that do not overload staff capacity. There is much for One Health to learn about the art of scaling up and organisations are encouraged to include implementation science in their research to inform future scaling up efforts.

Generalized 3D registration algorithm for enhancing retinal optical coherence tomography images.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as the standard of care for diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of various ocular disorders due to its noninvasive nature and in vivo volumetric acquisition capability. Despite its widespread applications in ophthalmology, motion artifacts remain a challenge in OCT imaging, adversely impacting image quality. While several multivolume registration algorithms have been developed to address this issue, they are often designed to cater to one specific OCT system or acquisition protocol. We aim to generate an OCT volume free of motion artifacts using a system-agnostic registration algorithm that is independent of system specifications or protocol. We developed a B-scan registration algorithm that removes motion and corrects for both translational eye movements and rotational angle differences between volumes. Tests were carried out on various datasets obtained from two different types of custom-built OCT systems and one commercially available system to determine the reliability of the proposed algorithm. Additionally, different system specifications were used, with variations in axial resolution, lateral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and real-time motion tracking. The accuracy of this method has further been evaluated through mean squared error (MSE) and multiscale structural similarity index measure (MS-SSIM). The results demonstrate improvements in the overall contrast of the images, facilitating detailed visualization of retinal vasculatures in both superficial and deep vasculature plexus. Finer features of the inner and outer retina, such as photoreceptors and other pathology-specific features, are discernible after multivolume registration and averaging. Quantitative analyses affirm that increasing the number of averaged registered volumes will decrease MSE and increase MS-SSIM as compared to the reference volume. The multivolume registered data obtained from this algorithm offers significantly improved visualization of the retinal microvascular network as well as retinal morphological features. Furthermore, we have validated that the versatility of our methodology extends beyond specific OCT modalities, thereby enhancing the clinical utility of OCT for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular pathologies.

A New Sufficient & Necessary Condition for Testing Linear Separability Between Two Sets.

As a fundamental mathematical problem in the field of machine learning, the linear separability test still lacks a theoretically complete and computationally efficient method. This paper proposes and proves a sufficient and necessary condition for linear separability test based on a sphere model. The advantage of this test method is two-fold: (1) it provides not only a qualitative test of linear separability but also a quantitative analysis of the separability of linear separable instances; (2) it has low time cost and is more efficient than existing test methods. The proposed method is validated through a large number of experiments on benchmark datasets and artificial datasets, demonstrating both its correctness and efficiency.

Endogenous growth and human capital accumulation in a data economy

We build an endogenous growth model featuring a new mode of human capital accumulation in a data economy. Data are generated as the byproducts of economic activities and then used by consumers for human capital accumulation apart from education. Although we find similar growth patterns compared with those in the related literature, economic growth is further accelerated by the new use of data factor. Quantitative analyses suggest that although the accumulation of human capital is promoted by the increasing importance of data, this promotion is not unlimited since data may over-absorb resources and crowd out education. In the transition dynamics, we see that consumers suffer temporary welfare loss. However, as data become a key factor in human capital accumulation, welfare ultimately increases. Our paper provides a first view of the effect of the data factor in the process of human capital accumulation.

Quantitative analysis of erythromycin, its major metabolite and clarithromycin in chicken tissues and eggs via QuEChERS extraction coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid and novel method involving ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI–MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously detect erythromycin, its major metabolite and clarithromycin in chicken tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) and eggs (whole egg, albumen and yolk). Samples were extracted using acetonitrile–water (80:20, v/v), and a a Cleanert MAS-Q cartridge was used to perform quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) purification. The average recoveries were 87.78–104.22 %, and the corresponding intraday and interday relative standard deviations were less than 7.10 %. The decision limits and detection capabilities of the chicken tissues and eggs were 2.15–105.21 μg/kg and 2.26–110.42 μg/kg, respectively. For chicken tissues and eggs, the limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.5 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The proposed method was successfully employed to analyse real samples, demonstrating its applicability.

Bamboo as a natural optimized fiber reinforced composite: interfacial mechanical properties and failure mechanisms

Bamboo is a typical natural fiber-reinforced composite with an optimized distribution of vascular bundles as reinforcement and parenchyma tissues as bio-matrix. The interfacial bonding performance between vascular bundles and parenchyma tissue is critical for the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of bamboo. This study employed pull-out tests to determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between bamboo vascular bundles and parenchyma tissue and evaluate the critical embedded lengths () of vascular bundles. The effects of embedded vascular bundle lengths on interfacial strength and failure behaviors were also investigated. The results revealed a value of 2.51 mm, lower than the majority of plant fiber-reinforced composite materials, with an IFSS of around 20 MPa, surpassing most artificial bamboo fiber composites. The pull-out process of the vascular bundles involved elasticity, debonding, and sliding friction stage, where debonding energy absorption (DEA) outweighed frictional energy absorption (FEA) and increasing with embedded length. The primary failure features include interfacial debonding, parenchyma tissue ripping, delamination of fiber thin layers, and fiber breakage. Moreover, the parenchyma cells between the two fiber sheaths and at the top of the bamboo block readily detached. The interfacial failure mechanisms of bamboo included debonding, reinforcement, and matrix failure, with the proportions varying as the embedded length increased. Quantitative analysis of the interfaces structure and mechanical properties between vascular bundles and parenchyma tissues could provide a reference for the biomimicry of bamboo structures and the manufacturing of natural fiber-reinforced composite materials.

The Meaning of School program: A controlled before-after study enhancing growth mindset in priority education schools

ObjectiveExperiences at school have an impact on youths’ development, global quality of life, and life trajectory. The "Meaning of School" program adopts a collaborative approach to enhance students' motivation and satisfaction at school. It fosters a growth mindset and aligns learning with students' personal interests and values, drawing from the Self-Determination Theory. This study aims to evaluate the program's effectiveness in improving school motivation and satisfaction by meeting the students' fundamental psychological needs for autonomy and competence and increasing growth mindset. MethodsThe intervention offered to students aged 9 to 11 the opportunity to become aware of their role as students, the importance of education, and their potential contribution to the world by encouraging them to reflect both together and individually. The intervention was proposed in ten schools in France, including those in 'Priority Education Networks' (Réseau d’Éducation Prioritaire), a French initiative that designates schools in underserved or low-income areas with additional resources and support to address educational inequalities. The study encompassed 311 students (4th and 5th grades), divided into experimental and control groups, and employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative analyses through pre- and post-program questionnaires and qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews. ResultsQuantitative results revealed a significant impact of the workshop on the growth mindset of students, while other measures like motivation, satisfaction, and classroom climate showed no significant changes. Qualitative data, however, highlighted improvements in classroom climate, motivation, and positive school-related emotions post-intervention. Students reported enhanced sense of belonging, perception of intelligence, and a shift towards viewing mistakes as learning opportunities. ConclusionThe study underscores the possibility of school-based interventions to foster a growth mindset, which can be an important dimension to improve academic engagement and success. It suggests the potential for such programs to contribute to academic perseverance and overall student well-being. Future research may focus on long-term effects, incorporate teacher perspectives, and explore broader application in varied educational settings.

In vitro toxicity of Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) on Human Renal and Hepatoma Cells

We evaluate the cytotoxicity, intracellular redox conditions, apoptosis, and methylation of DNMTs/TETs upon exposure to LiTFSI, a novel Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) commonly found in lithium-ion batteries, on human renal carcinoma cells (A498) and hepatoma cells (HepG2). The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay showed both Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) had a dose-dependent effect on A498 and HepG2, with LiTFSI being less toxic. Intracellular redox conditions were assessed with a microplate reader and confocal, which showed a significant decrease in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and an increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in both cells. Exposure to LiTFSI enhanced cell apoptosis, with HepG2 being more susceptible than A498. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression levels of 19 genes associated with kidney injury, methylation, lipid metabolism and transportation was performed. LiTFSI exposure impacted kidney function by downregulating smooth muscle alpha-actin (Acta2) and upregulating transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1), B-cell lymphoma 2-like 1) Bcl2l1, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Harvcr1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nfe2l2), and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) expression. LiTFSI exposure also affected the abundance of transcripts associated with DNA methylation by the expression of ten-eleven translocation (TET) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes. Furthermore, LiTFSI exposure induced an increase in lipid anabolism and alterations in lipid catabolism in HepG2. Our results provide new insight on the potential role of a new contaminant, LiTFSI in the regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and methylation in human renal carcinoma and hepatoma cells.

What support do international doctoral students claim they need to improve their academic writing in English?

Novice scholars from non-native English-speaking (NNES) backgrounds tend to encounter challenges in their doctoral education related to scholarly writing in English. This study investigated the support that NNES doctoral students perceive as crucial for achieving their desired proficiency in English academic writing (EAW). A survey was conducted during the 2021–2022 academic year, involving 255 NNES international doctoral students studying in 65 English medium PhD programs across Hungary. Volunteers from 49 countries, representing 48 languages, participated in the study. An analysis of their responses to an open question revealed that the majority felt a need for support in enhancing their EAW skills. Very few believed they could already produce publishable texts or that the support of their doctoral schools was sufficient. Most participants recognized specific areas where improvement was necessary and took full responsibility for their progress. Thus, findings of this study align with previous quantitative analyses involving the same participants and the conceptual metaphors they provided, emphasizing the high demand for support in developing English academic writing skills (Authors, 2022a, 2022b, 2023).

STATISTICAL STUDY OF SOME INDICATORS IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR

In this paper, some indicators covering milk production, weight gain and feeding efficiency are studied, such as the duration of lactation, total amount of milk, daily amount of milk, percentage of fat, protein, lactose in milk, for a representative sample taken from S.C.D.A Simnic. In the first part, a descriptive statistical analysis is made of the indicators in the zootechnical field presented, followed by econometric methods regarding confidence intervals for the average of the entire population, at a threshold of 5%. Also, the correlation matrix between the indicators is analyzed and three validated linear regression models are presented with the interpretation of the results. These results help to optimize management in the zootechnical field by making decisions based on quantitative analyses.

Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis of ethanol leaf extract of Pleiocarpa mutica

This research project examined Pleiocarpa mutica leaf extract, extracted from ethanol using both quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis. Sourced is at Ugbene-Ajima in the Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria, where fresh Pleiocarpa mutica leaves were collected. After been gathered, the newly sprouted P. mutica leaves were cleaned. We then shade-dried the leaves until they were crispy, rotating them frequently to prevent them from rotting. A mechanical grinder was utilized to reduce the dried leaves to a powdered state while a maceration flask was used to macerate 1.5 kg of the known weight of the ground leaves in 10 liters of 100% ethanol. In using a muslin cloth, the mixture was filtered into a flask with a flat bottom after being left for 72 hours with irregular stirring. Quantitative phytochemical analysis procedures identified the specific concentration of a certain chemical constituent present in a plant sample using methods such as mass spectrometry, chromatography, and spectrophotometry. This makes it possible to determine the concentration of a component in the plant material. Qualitative phytochemical analysis techniques focus on identifying the presence or absence of several chemical groups in a plant sample. Discovering the existence of substances such as alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and flavonoids often requires a range of chemical analyses or the use of specific reagents. Thus, the standard quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis technique were used to investigate the chemical composition of plants and identify bioactive compounds that may offer nutritional, medicinal, or pharmacological advantages. Hence, it has been shown that the ethanol leaves extract of P. mutica contains various concentrations of phytochemical constituents, which might be responsible for its biological activities.

Cultural factors contributing to gender-based violence in Zambian societies

Overview: This study examined the intricate cultural dynamics underlying the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) within Zambian societies. Despite legislative efforts and international campaigns to combat GBV, its persistence underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the cultural underpinnings that perpetuate such violence. Body of Knowledge: Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study sought to identify key cultural elements such as patriarchal structures, beliefs about masculinity and femininity, and the role of family and community dynamics in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to gender-based violence. Additionally, this study delves into the multifaceted ways in which cultural norms, beliefs, and practices intersect with gender dynamics to foster environments conducive to GBV. Methods: The population comprised of government officials at the district level who had some responsibility for GBV, police officers from VSU, and Members of the community. The total target population was 1000. The sample size involved a total of 100 respondents which is 10% of the target population. The study used purposive sampling to select government officials and police officers while simple random sampling was used to selected community members. This study used descriptive design to analyze the data. Interviews, ethnographic observation, and questionnaires were used to collect data. Qualitative and Quantitative techniques of data analysis was used, and data was presented on the analytical tools such as tables, figures and charts. Results: Initial findings revealed that traditional gender roles deeply entrenched in Zambian culture play a pivotal role in perpetuating GBV. The patriarchal structure of society often assigns men dominance and control over women, leading to power imbalances that facilitate violence. Furthermore, beliefs surrounding masculinity, including expectations of aggression and dominance, contribute to a culture of impunity surrounding GBV. Men are often socialized to perceive violence as a legitimate means of asserting authority, while women may internalize norms of submission and silence. Recommendation: This study underscores the urgent need for culturally sensitive interventions that address the root causes of GBV in Zambia. By engaging communities in dialogue and challenging harmful cultural norms, sustainable solutions can be developed to promote gender equality and create safer environments for all individuals.