Quantitative Content Analysis Research Articles

Multinational and Multimodal Character Framing of Political Candidates in Online News: Do Political and Media System Classifications Matter?

An evolving body of research generally referred to as visual politics has brought the heavy research focus on linguistic modalities of political communication closer to parity with visual emphasis. The study reported here transcends this schism by joining momentum toward multimodality as an ontological departure point for research. We expanded an existing visual instrument into a multimodal one and provided evidence that it reliably captures character framing of political candidates (stateliness, compassion, mass appeal, ordinariness, and sure loser) in German, Polish, and United States commercial online news. We focused on election coverage in these countries because they represent three distinct political and media systems (democratic-corporatist, polarized-pluralist, and hybrid) of the Global North. The quantitative content analysis sample we used spans 2,688 online news stories with seven political candidates identified in 6,560 cases across six modalities (still images, moving images, frozen video images, text, audio, and superimposed text). We found support for the hypothesis that political and media system latencies affect how news media frame the character traits of political candidates in both visual and linguistic modalities. Specifically, the competitive tendencies of majoritarian democracies manifested more clearly as candidate-centered, simplistic, and polarizing character framing in US media content than in journalistic output of multiparty consensus democracies. For example, US news media were more consistent in their portrayal of election winners and losers than German and Polish news media, emphasizing stateliness, compassion, and ordinariness in the winner while unambiguously assigning the negative sure loser frame to the election loser.

How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments.

Generative artificial intelligence in general and ChatGPT in particular have risen in importance. ChatGPT is widely known and used increasingly as an information source for different topics, including science. It is therefore relevant to examine how ChatGPT portrays science and science-related issues. Research on this question is lacking, however. Hence, we simulate "interviews" with ChatGPT and reconstruct how it presents science, science communication, scientific misbehavior, and controversial scientific issues. Combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we find that, generally, ChatGPT portrays science largely as the STEM disciplines, in a positivist-empiricist way and a positive light. When comparing ChatGPT's responses to different simulated user profiles and responses from the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions, we find similarities in that the scientific consensus on questions such as climate change, COVID-19 vaccinations, or astrology is consistently conveyed across them. Beyond these similarities in substance, however, pronounced differences are found in the personalization of responses to different user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.

Factors influencing the formation of a regional media discourse

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the factors influencing the formation of the regional media discourse in Kazakhstan. The research is based on the analysis of theoretical foundations, external and internal factors, as well as the current state of the media discourse in the region. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of local media content, interviews with experts theauthors identify key trends, problems and opportunities faced by regional media.Technological innovations, globalization, the political and economic environment, as well as socio-cultural features have a noticeable impact on the structure, content and orientation of media communications. In conclusion, the article offers a numberof recommendations for strengthening the regional media environment, includingimproving the quality of content, strengthening media independence, increasingmedia literacy and preserving cultural diversity. The results of the study can serve as a basis for developing strategies for optimizing and developing regional media discourse in the context of globalization and technological progress. This study focuses on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the analysisof media discourse, integrating knowledge from the fields of sociology, politicalscience, cultural studies and technology.

Nurse-led self-management support to improve symptom management and self-reported outcomes in people with irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction with an unknown precise etiology. Intricate mechanisms underlying the disruption of bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut may influence the severity of symptoms as well as the response to self-management interventions. Management of IBS can be particularly challenging due to recurrent and resistant symptoms to therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of nurse-led self-management support on symptom management and self-reported outcomes in people with IBS. Methods: In the current study, which was part of a parent randomized controlled trial, participants with IBS received one-on-one self-management intervention either by phone or in-person by Registered Nurses (RNs) in three sessions over 12 weeks. Each intervention was between 15–30 minutes. During the first intervention, the RN asked open-ended questions on symptom episodes, stress, physical activity, Quality of Life (QOL), and diet to provide recommendations for improved self-management. At the second and the third nurse-led self-management sessions, the RN helped in problem-identification and solving throughout the intervention. Quantitative content analysis was performed using the coding system developed by two authors for analyzing the participants’ responses. Results: In total, 24 participants with IBS completed the three nurse-led self-management sessions. Participants’ mean age was 21.37 (± 2.55) years old, and 83.33% were female. At the first nurse-led self-management session, 79% of participants reported pain, 62.5% reported bloating, 50% reported diarrhea, 37.5% reported constipation, 100% reported stress, and 95.6% had physical activity as part of their routines, while only 33.3% of the participants reported having a “high” QOL. After three nurse-led self-management sessions, participants reported improved IBS symptoms in pain 73%, bloating 73.7%, diarrhea 76.8%, constipation 50%, stress 42.1%, and physical activity 45%, as well as 66.7% of the participants experienced a “high” QOL. Dairy, fast/processed foods, and high-fat foods were the most frequent triggers of the symptoms, with a frequency of 40%, 24.5%, and 12%, respectively. After receiving nurse-led support, 69.20% of the participants reported improved dietary habits. Conclusions: Nurse-led self-management can support participants to manage various IBS symptoms and improve their QOL. The unique strength of this study was evaluating participant needs and offering individualized solutions. A further study utilizing novel nurse-led self-management approaches may provide a valuable platform for empowering IBS patients’ self-management.

Exploring the development of adolescents’ scientific creativity among science fair winners through the lens of resilience

Scientific creativity plays a crucial role in formulating innovative solutions to complex scientific problems. This study explored the development and performance of scientific creativity among winners of a national science fair (NSF) through the perspective of resilience. The study involved 34 participants from grades 7 and 8 (comprising 15 boys and 19 girls) who were recognized with awards at the NSF. Through semi-structured interviews, this study identifies how resilience support contributes to students overcoming challenges and elevating their performance in scientific creativity. The major findings derived from quantitative content analysis are as follows: (1) Project-based learning can be an effective approach for developing resilience and scientific creativity. (2) A set of resilience support and risk factors to scientific creativity emerged, encompassing the influence of schools, teachers, peers, family, and personal traits in transforming challenges into resilience assets. (3) Considerable similarities in self-perceptions of scientific creativity and resilience processes during the NSF were noted between boys and girls. However, girls experienced more emotional struggles, yet maintained a more positive attitude in coping with negative emotions. This study offers comprehensive insights and recommends specific strategies for science education aimed at fortifying resilience and scientific creativity among adolescent students.

Integrating scientific recommendations for the development and promotion of junior elite athletes in Germany – an analysis of sports policy documents

ABSTRACT This study examines the integration of holistic talent development goals into the sports policy documents of governmental and non-governmental sports organisations in Germany. More specifically, it analyses (1) the extent to which talent development and promotion goals of key actors involved in junior elite sport reflect scientific recommendations, and (2) how these goals differ between key actors. Different goal dimensions of holistic talent development were explored namely long-term sporting development, competitions, dual career, personal development and wellbeing. To this end, document analysis was conducted for 30 sports policy documents published by 22 key actors (federal and state ministries, sports confederations and sports federations) involved in talent development and promotion in Germany and analysed using quantitative content analysis. The results indicate that political institutions in Germany recognise and respect the autonomy of sports to specify their operational goals in talent development policies. The sports organisations’ documents present a fragmented picture in terms of the integration of scientifically recommended goals. While the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) largely aligns with holistic goals, no comprehensive and systematic knowledge transfer seems to have taken place to regional confederations and sports federations, in which organisational perspectives appear to be influential. This study extends the literature on knowledge transfer of sports science to a policy perspective and offers valuable insights into the integration of scientifically recommended goals in talent development and promotion policies, both for science and practice.

The social contract theory meets cybersecurity: systematic literature review

Purpose This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of social contract theory (SCT) utilization in cybersecurity literature, elucidating the current state of research, identifying major applications and themes and highlighting gaps, particularly in empirical studies, and the integration of emerging technologies. The study also maps the contractual parties and governance tools discussed in SCT and cyberspace interactions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a systematic literature review to investigate the application of SCT within the cybersecurity domain. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative and qualitative content analysis with the Grounded Theory strategy, over 30,000 documents were initially screened. The final data set comprised 873 peer-reviewed papers from multiple databases. MAXQDA software facilitated coding and thematic analysis to identify key SCT applications, governance tools and research gaps. Findings The review revealed the following: emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain are sparsely researched within the SCT-cyberspace intersection, yet they offer solutions to various SCT-related issues; empirical studies are underrepresented, with theoretical explorations dominating the discourse; there is a notable gap in integrating emerging technologies such as AI within SCT frameworks; governance tools discussed are varied, including economic incentives, regulatory measures and informational strategies. Originality/value This study synthesizes SCT applications in cybersecurity, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature and potential for richer theoretical integration. By systematically mapping the literature, it identifies crucial gaps and offers a foundation for future empirical and theoretical research. The findings emphasize the importance of considering traditional SCT themes and contemporary technological contexts, contributing to the development of more robust frameworks for cyberspace governance.

Content Analysis of the Effects of Domestic Violence on Child Victims in the Movie Precious

Domestic violence is a dynamic phenomenon that can occur in all walks of life. Given the role of film as a tool to convey ideas and influence the audience, research on the effects of domestic violence in the movie Precious is interesting to do. The rampant news about domestic violence makes this research relevant because this movie can provide an overview of the destructive impact of domestic violence on children as victims. The aim of this research is to find out what the physical, psychological, sexual, and social effects are due to domestic violence experienced by the main character in the film Precious. This research uses a quantitative content analysis method with a descriptive approach. Data will be measured using a measurement table. The research population is the movie Precious with a duration of 1 hour 50 minutes, with a sample of scenes containing the effects of domestic violence. The results showed that Precious depicts various effects of domestic violence, such as loss of self-confidence, anxiety, lack of attention from parents, withdrawal from the family, use of harsh words, stress, depression, self-isolation, not given living expenses, embarrassment to meet others, problematic education, trauma, pregnancy, children replacing parental roles, loss of jobs, imagining the violence experienced, bruises, bumps on the body, and injuries.

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication and Emotional Appeals in COVID-19 Public Health Messaging: Quantitative Content Analysis.

Although COVID-19 is no longer a global health emergency, it remains pervasive in Singapore, a city-state situated in Southeast Asia, with periodic waves of infection. In addition to disease management, strong communication strategies are critical in the government's response to the pandemic to keep the public updated and equip them in protecting themselves. Grounded in the crisis and emergency risk communication (CERC) framework and emotional appeals, this study aimed to analyze public health communication strategies in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative content analysis was conducted on 696 Facebook (Meta Platforms Inc) posts and 83 website articles published by Singapore-based public health institutions between January 2020 and September 2022. The results showed that increasing communication on message themes, such as inquisitive messaging and clarification, can enhance communication strategies. The use of emotional appeals also varies with time and should be carefully used as they are context-specific. Theoretically, this study contributes to advancements in the CERC framework and concepts of emotional appeals by exploring the applications and changes of CERC message types and emotional appeals at different phases. The findings can provide practical guidance for authorities and communication practitioners in developing effective communication strategies.

Deciphering dictators’ discourse on Indigenous democracy: a case of Karimov’s Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT Why do dictators ‘indigenize’ democracy? This article analyses discourses on democracy in a consolidated authoritarian regime to show how it assists in authoritarian regime-building. The article shows that in the case of Uzbekistan, Karimov’s rhetoric selected and essentialised features of an Uzbek nation, such as community, solidarity and fairness. The regime imposed such features on the Indigenous self-governing institutions, known as mahalla, to foster authoritarian control by turning community to guarantee ideological coherence, by imposing state hierarchy in the name of solidarity and by establishing local networks of patron-client relations in the name of fairness. Through quantitative content and critical discourse analyses of Karimov’s speeches from 1995 to 2015 published by the official press in Russian, the authors operationalise Karimov’s rhetoric on Indigenous democracy and through the analysis of legal acts that governed mahalla, they illustrate how such interpretations strengthened the authoritarian regime.

Quality of Male and Female Medical Content on English-Language Wikipedia: Quantitative Content Analysis.

Wikipedia is the largest free online encyclopedia and the seventh most visited website worldwide, containing >45,000 freely accessible English-language medical articles accessed nearly 1.6 billion times annually. Concerns have been expressed about the balance of content related to biological sex on Wikipedia. This study aims to categorize the top 1000 most-read (most popular) English-language Wikipedia health articles for June 2019 according to the relevance of the article topic to each sex and quality. In the first step, Wikipedia articles were identified using WikiProject Medicine Popular Pages. These were analyzed on 13 factors, including total views, article quality, and total number of references. In the second step, 2 general medical textbooks were used as comparators to assess whether Wikipedia's spread of articles was typical compared to the general medical coverage. According to the article's content, we proposed criteria with 5 categories: 1="exclusively female," 2="predominantly female but can also affect male individuals," 3="not sex specific or neutral," 4=predominantly male but can affect female individuals," and 5="exclusively male." Of the 1000 Wikipedia health articles, 993 (93.3%) were not sex specific and 67 (6.7%) were sex specific. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of reads per month between the sex-specific and non-sex-specific articles (P=.29). Coverage of female topics was higher (50/1000, 5%) than male topics (17/1000, 1.7%; this difference was also observed for the 2 medical textbooks, in which 90.2% (2330/2584) of content was not sex specific, female topics accounted for 8.1% (209/2584), and male topics for accounted for 1.7% (45/2584; statistically significant difference; Fisher exact test P=.03). Female-category articles were ranked higher on the Wikipedia medical topic importance list (top, high, or mid importance) than male-category articles (borderline statistical significance; Fisher exact test P=.05). Female articles had a higher number of total and unique references; a slightly higher number of page watchers, pictures, and available languages; and lower number of edits than male articles (all were statistically nonsignificant). Across several metrics, a sample of popular Wikipedia health-related articles for both sexes had comparable quality. Wikipedia had a lower number of female articles and a higher number of neutral articles relative to the 2 medical textbooks. These differences were small, but statistically significant. Higher exclusively female coverage, compared to exclusively male coverage, in Wikipedia articles was similar to the 2 medical textbooks and can be explained by inclusion of sections on obstetrics and gynecology. This is unlike the imbalance seen among biographies of living people, in which approximately 77.6% pertain to male individuals. Although this study included a small sample of articles, the spread of Wikipedia articles may reflect the readership and the population's content consumption at a given time. Further study of a larger sample of Wikipedia articles would be valuable.

Women’s Sexual Agency, Pleasure, and Orgasm in Popular Netflix Series: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Mixed-Gender Scenes

Women’s Sexual Agency, Pleasure, and Orgasm in Popular Netflix Series: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Mixed-Gender Scenes

MetFinder: A Tool for Automated Quantitation of Metastatic Burden in Histological Sections From PreclinicalModels.

As efforts to study the mechanisms of melanoma metastasis and novel therapeutic approaches multiply, researchers need accurate, high-throughput methods to evaluate the effects on tumor burden resulting from specific interventions. We show that automated quantification of tumor content from whole slide images is a compelling solution to assess invivo experiments. In order to increase the outflow of data collection from preclinical studies, we assembled a large dataset with annotations and trained a deep neural network for the quantitative analysis of melanoma tumor content on histopathological sections of murine models. After assessing its performance in segmenting these images, the tool obtained consistent results with an orthogonal method (bioluminescence) of measuring metastasis in an experimental setting. This AI-based algorithm, made freely available to academic laboratories through a web-interface called MetFinder, promises to become an asset for melanoma researchers and pathologists interested in accurate, quantitative assessment of metastasis burden.

Science Studies as an educational discipline: experience of reconstruction

Introduction. The paper presents a reconsideration of the foundations of the discipline of Science Studies, taking into account post-non-classical ideas about science. This approach positions Science Studies not only as a scientific field but also as an educational discipline aimed at novice researchers. Aim. The present research aimed to assess the current state of science as a scientific and educational discipline in the Russian and Euro-American scientific traditions. It also aimed to present the project of teaching the discipline of Science Studies as a rigorous science, encompassing both its fundamental and applied aspects, and utilising quantitative and qualitative research methods. Methodology and research methods. The synthesis of universal evolutionism approaches (including deterministic chaos concepts) and the methods of quantitative and qualitative content analysis were employed. Results. A quantitative analysis of the state of science in Russia was conducted. The analysis revealed an increase in the interest of Russian researchers in scientific issues. However, it also highlighted a lack of clear understanding of its disciplinary parameters. Scientific novelty and practical significance. It is proved that Science Studies can be a significant incentive for the growth of scientific knowledge in Russia. The work has led to an understanding of the role of epistemological (cognitive) and social mechanisms in the development of science.

Digital political communication through a gender lens: discourses, themes, and inclusive language. A case study of two gender-balanced elections in Andalusia: 2018 and 2022

Electoral campaigns are particularly significant moments for identifying the available political options. Social media campaigns have become universal, and every candidate seeks to showcase their proposals and distinct political personality. The main goal of this article is to examine electoral political communication on social media platforms through a gender perspective. We analyze the messages posted on X (formerly Twitter) by candidates during the last two election campaigns in Andalusia. With a total sample of 2,196 posts, we applied quantitative content analysis and binary logistic regression, in addition to qualitative discourse análisis to a subset of the sample. We aim to identify how, where, when and by whom issues pertaining to women as a collective, feminism, gender, or the use of egalitarian language are introduced into two campaigns characterized by gender-balanced representation of candidates. Our findings indicate a limited use of inclusive language and infrequent foregrounding of women in discourse. Nonetheless, gender is a significant explanatory factor for a more inclusive communication style toward women, alongside an explicit emphasis on addressing policies affecting women.

Constructing a Socio-Legal Framework Proposal for Governing Large Language Model Usage and Application in Education

Due to the fast-changing environments caused by artificial intelligence development, the socio-technical challenge in contemporary educational systems focuses on the need for more regulative measures guiding system stakeholders’ behavior. In fulfilling the present legal gap, enacted soft law regulation has been laid out, and a detailed systematic literature review was conducted in the paper presented. The specific methodological approach was selected to deal with two crucial research tasks: to reveal and recommend fundamental governing mechanisms regarding the use and application of generative artificial intelligence; more precisely, large language models in educational systems. Three systematically guided layers of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of central policy, legislation, and regulatory mechanisms in governing AI in education were extracted from the 142 Scopus Database and Web of Science research papers analyzed and presented. These research findings benefit policymakers, regulatory and legislative bodies, and agencies in constructing governing frames for using and applying generative artificial intelligence in education.

A quantitative content analysis of topical characteristics of the online COVID-19 infodemic in the United States and Japan

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has spurred the growth of a global infodemic. In order to combat the COVID-19 infodemic, it is necessary to understand what kinds of misinformation are spreading. Furthermore, various local factors influence how the infodemic manifests in different countries. Therefore, understanding how and why infodemics differ between countries is a matter of interest for public health. This study aims to elucidate and compare the types of COVID-19 misinformation produced from the infodemic in the US and Japan.MethodsCOVID-19 fact-checking articles were obtained from the two largest publishers of fact-checking articles in each language. 1,743 US articles and 148 Japanese articles in their respective languages were gathered, with articles published between 23 January 2020 and 4 November 2022. Articles were analyzed using the free text mining software KH Coder. Exploration of frequently-occurring words and groups of related words was carried out. Based on agglomeration plots and prior research, eight categories of misinformation were created. Lastly, coding rules were created for these eight categories, and a chi-squared test was performed to compare the two datasets.ResultsOverall, the most frequent words in both languages were related to health-related terms, but the Japan dataset had more words referring to foreign countries. Among the eight categories, differences with chi-squared p ≤ 0.01 were found after Holm-Bonferroni p value adjustment for the proportions of misinformation regarding statistics (US 40.0% vs. JP 25.7%, ϕ 0.0792); origin of the virus and resultant discrimination (US 7.0% vs. JP 20.3%, ϕ 0.1311); and COVID-19 disease severity, treatment, or testing (US 32.6% vs. JP 45.9%, ϕ 0.0756).ConclusionsLocal contextual factors were found that likely influenced the infodemic in both countries; representations of these factors include societal polarization in the US and the HPV vaccine scare in Japan. It is possible that Japan’s relative resistance to misinformation affects the kinds of misinformation consumed, directing attention away from conspiracy theories and towards health-related issues. However, more studies need to be done to verify whether misinformation resistance affects misinformation consumption patterns this way.

Analysis of Linguistic Landscape: Holy Child College of Education Campus

The aim of the paper is to analyze the linguistic landscape of Holy Child College of Education. Drawing of data from first-hand fieldwork, this paper explores the display of language and multimodal on signage on the College campus. In all, it was found out that English language is prevalent on all types of surfaces (walls, doorpost, buildings, cenotaph, billboard) to aid in the identity of occupants as well as associate identity to the properties of the institution. There were also a few private shops which have names on them. The study employs qualitative and quantitative content analysis of a data of about 74 signages from the College. It looked into issues such as top-down, bottom-up approach as well as symbolic and informational function. It also examined if there are instances of the use of only one language or more than a language on a signage. The theory that supported this investigation was Linguistic Landscape Theory foundered by Landry and Bourhis (1997). This theory has it that the study of linguistic landscapes refers to the visibility and salience of languages on public and commercial signs in a given territory or region. Landry and Bourhis argue that the linguistic landscape of an area can serve as an indicator of the relative power and status of different linguistic communities within that area. This theory suggests that the languages displayed in public spaces can reflect broader social, cultural, and political dynamics, such as the dominance of one language over another, and it can affect the perception of language status and identity among community members.

USE OF TERMINOLOGY AND (META)LINGUISTIC AWARENESS IN GRADE 4 EXPERIENCE FROM A PILOT STUDY

To understand the texts we read, we need language use and linguistic knowledge, as well as metalinguistic awareness related to the text. We examined linguistic and metalinguistic awareness in two areas: at the level of compound words and in relation to words with suffixes. We operated with the following assumptions in our action research: H1: The participants achieve better results in tasks related to affixed words. H2: Those who can justify their answers and reflect on their question answering process using grammatical terms will achieve better results in completing the worksheet. The 15-task test measures metalinguistic knowledge related to compound and suffixed words. The solutions require either implicit or explicit elaboration. Out of the 36 utterances in the "interpretative" text, grammatical metalanguage-related expressions were used by the informants in 13 cases. Through the use of quantitative content analysis, the study could contribute to the development of native language methodology and grammar teaching in lower primary education.

Microwave digestion method for sulfide analysis of Çanakkale region coal

ABSTRACT Quantitative analysis of sulfide content in coal is a necessary step for complete analysis. Conventional analysis methods take several days, whereas it takes a few hours in microwave digestion method. In the present study, a new wet chemical analysis technique was developed and applied to quantify the sulfide content in Turkish coal samples. In the initial step, 5 M HCl solution is employed to dissolve the sulfate phases present in the coal. Subsequently, pyrite is separated from the residue obtained in stage 1 through the utilization of 2 M HNO3 solution. The final stage involves the determination of organic sulfur, wherein concentrated HNO3, HCl, HF, and boric acid are utilized to completely decompose the remaining residue from stage 2. The extracted solutions from each stage are promptly analyzed for sulfur content using ICP-OES. The cumulative values of the three sulfur forms consistently correspond with certified total sulfur data for the majority of the examined coals. Among several advantages, the analysis duration is the most distinctive feature. Chemical analysis of sulfide in coal with microwave analysis method completed three times rapid than with conventional analysis.