Method For Quantitative Analysis Research Articles

To What Extent Do Borrower’s Factors, Lender’s Factors And Loan Factors Affect Loan Repayment?

The main objective of this research is the study the importance of credit risk management in every financial institution especially those who are loan grantors, that are suffering especially in poor and developing countries from high-rates of defaults, and all that is due to several factors that affect the customer commitment to repay the loan. The main objective of our research is to show the effect of credit risk management in minimizing credit risk and studying factors affecting customer's commitment in financial institutions. Here was our problematic research: To what extent do borrower’s factors, lender’s factors and loan factors affect loan repayment? And by that many questions are related like: How dealing with these factors can be? And what is the role of credit risk management in studying and controlling these factors?.The method used to analyze and collect the data is quantitative descriptive analytical method using statistical tools. The result that are shown by the data collected at the end of the research show that a very high percentages of responds confirms that loan factors, borrower’s factors and lender’s factors affect clearly loan repayment and that credit risk management is absolute necessity. These results justify our main point and answer our problematic research about the importance of credit risk management in any financial institution.

Analisis Laporan Keuangan Untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. United Tractors, TBk

This study deals with the analysis of liquidity ratios, solvency, activity and profitability. The aim of this research is to determine the conditions and performance based on financial ratios. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The nature of the research is a quantitative, descriptive research that aims to find factual information. The objects used in this study are financial reports in the form of balance sheets and loss reports of PT. United Tractors, Tbk from 2022 to 2023. The data analysis method used is a quantitative data analysis method. The results of this research are that the solvency ratio and activity ratio from 2022 to 2023 are not good. Looking at the activity coefficient, it can be said that the level of effectiveness based on the inventory turn over from 2022 to 2023 is less effective in carrying out operational activities.

Effect of herbal irrigants on surface roughness of intraradicular dentin using quantitative method of 3D surface texture analysis

Replacing the conventional endodontic irrigants with herbal agents could avoid complications associated with using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Endodontic irrigants alter the surface roughness of the dentinal wall surface, which affects sealer mechanical retention. This study aimed to assess the effect of experimental herbal Moringa oleifera and orange peel extract irrigant on intraradicular dentin (IRD) surface roughness using quantitative 3D surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) regarding the smear layer assessment. Sixty human root sections were divided into four groups (n = 15): NaOCl combined with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); negative control (saline); moringa extract (MO); and orange oil (OO). SEM images were assessed quantitatively for surface roughness (Ra) in the coronal, middle, and apical IRD. The data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn’s tests. All groups showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.007). MO exhibited significantly greater Ra values at the coronal, middle, and apical root levels than OO (P = 0.007, 0.009, and 0.046, respectively). There was no significant change in Ra values at various root levels within each group at P = 0.091, 0.819, 0.819, and 0.549 for the EDTA, saline, MO, and OO groups. Considerable (IRD) surface roughness analysis makes Moringa extract a promising herbal endodontic irrigant alternative to the NaOCl plus EDTA regimen.

Dialogic feedback at scale: Recommendations for learning analytics design

AbstractBackgroundFeedback is central to formative assessments but aligns with a one‐way information transmission perspective obstructing students' effective engagement with feedback. Previous research has shown that a responsive, dialogic feedback process that requires educators and students to engage in ongoing conversations can encourage student active engagement in feedback. However, it is challenging with larger student cohorts. Learning Analytics (LA) provides promising ways to facilitate timely feedback at scale by leveraging large datasets generated during students' learning. However, current LA design and implementation tend to treat feedback as a one‐way transmission rather than a two‐way process.ObjectivesThis case study aims to improve LA design and practice to align with dialogic feedback principles by exploring an authentic dialogic feedback practice at scale.MethodsWe explored a dialogic feedback practice of a course having 700 undergraduate students. The case study used quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to investigate what students expect from feedback, how educators respond to students' feedback requests, and how students experience feedback.Results and ConclusionsThe results emphasise the need to focus on cognitive, relational and emotional aspects of the feedback process. In aligning LA with dialogic feedback principles, we propose that LA should promote the following objectives: reflection, adaption, personalisation, emotional management, and scaffolding feedback provision.

Research on the Renewal of Multi-Story High-Density Urban Landscape Based on Property Rights Land—A Case Study of the Self-Built Liu Houses in Zherong, Fujian Province

Unlike in Western countries, land ownership in China is overwhelmingly vested in the state, and individuals cannot directly own private lands and build houses. Therefore, developers will contract the land to the government and build it into collective apartments. Against this backdrop, a different kind of multi-story, high-density self-built residential buildings is widespread in small towns along the southeast coast of China. These buildings were built between 1980 and 2000 by residents who acquired land-use rights from the government for compensation. The uniqueness of these buildings is what makes them incompatible with the most mainstream, government-led urban renewal model in China, resulting in a large area of dilapidated and aging areas. Zherong County, Ningde, Fujian Province, is a typical example town, with a large number of such self-built houses, known locally as Liu Houses. In this study, these residential areas were selected as typical research objects of “characteristics of residential small towns”. Combined with the property rights of the sample cases, the methods of diagram and quantitative analysis are used to summarize the causes of the three types of residential areas from the aspects of regional planning, land division, building construction, and renovation. In the early days, the planning of the Liu House was greatly influenced by the residents, and the construction and renovation of the building was led by the residents, which strengthened the diversity of the style. In the middle period, the government had relatively dominant control over the planning of Liu Houses, and supervision was conducted during the construction and renovation process, resulting in a relatively balanced power between residents and the government. In the later period, the houses were built and operated by the developer, and the residents no longer directly participated in the construction and renovation, so the unity of style was strengthened. At the same time, the study finds that, in the process of the formation of the style of the residential area, on the one hand, the property rights directly affect the style through its own physical land attributes, and on the other hand, it becomes the basis of the game between the government, residents, and the county environment through its own property rights, thus indirectly affecting the style. In conclusion, this paper may provide theoretical support and design reference for the renewal of the characteristic features of residential small towns.

Data-driven retrieval of population-level EEG features and their role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Electrophysiologic disturbances due to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Lewy Body disease are detectable by scalp EEG and can serve as a functional measure of disease severity. Traditional quantitative methods of EEG analysis often require an a-priori selection of clinically meaningful EEG features and are susceptible to bias, limiting the clinical utility of routine EEGs in the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders. We present a data-driven tensor decomposition approach to extract the top 6 spectral and spatial features representing commonly known sources of EEG activity during eyes-closed wakefulness. As part of their neurologic evaluation at Mayo Clinic, 11 001 patients underwent 12 176 routine, standard 10-20 scalp EEG studies. From these raw EEGs, we developed an algorithm based on posterior alpha activity and eye movement to automatically select awake-eyes-closed epochs and estimated average spectral power density (SPD) between 1 and 45 Hz for each channel. We then created a three-dimensional (3D) tensor (record × channel × frequency) and applied a canonical polyadic decomposition to extract the top six factors. We further identified an independent cohort of patients meeting consensus criteria for mild cognitive impairment (30) or dementia (39) due to Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies (31) and similarly aged cognitively normal controls (36). We evaluated the ability of the six factors in differentiating these subgroups using a Naïve Bayes classification approach and assessed for linear associations between factor loadings and Kokmen short test of mental status scores, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET uptake ratios and CSF Alzheimer's Disease biomarker measures. Factors represented biologically meaningful brain activities including posterior alpha rhythm, anterior delta/theta rhythms and centroparietal beta, which correlated with patient age and EEG dysrhythmia grade. These factors were also able to distinguish patients from controls with a moderate to high degree of accuracy (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.59-0.91) and Alzheimer's disease dementia from dementia with Lewy Bodies (AUC 0.61). Furthermore, relevant EEG features correlated with cognitive test performance, PET metabolism and CSF AB42 measures in the Alzheimer's subgroup. This study demonstrates that data-driven approaches can extract biologically meaningful features from population-level clinical EEGs without artefact rejection or a-priori selection of channels or frequency bands. With continued development, such data-driven methods may improve the clinical utility of EEG in memory care by assisting in early identification of mild cognitive impairment and differentiating between different neurodegenerative causes of cognitive impairment.

RESEARCH ON THE MOTIVATION OF RURAL TOURISTS IN ANHUI PROVINCE FOR RURAL TOURISM

This paper mainly analyzes the development trend of rural tourism in Anhui Province in recent years, so as to study the pull of tourist attractions in Anhui Province on tourists, and for tourists themselves, the external driving force of rural tourism behavior in Anhui Province. From the perspective of the spiritual and cultural value of tourism, tourism is of great significance to cultivate sentiment, soothe mood and cultivate aesthetics. Through some previous literature, it can often be found that tourism motivation research is only a small part of a large category of tourism behavior research, so in-depth study of tourists' motivation, what is the significance of the tourism industry for the entire tourism behavior? This research adopts the research method of quantitative analysis, sets up 34 items, collects questionnaires in Huangshan, Anhui Province, and analyzes the tourism motivation of rural tourists by collecting and analyzing 298 valid questionnaires. The findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen management, integrate tourism resources, pay attention to the personal safety of tourists and environmental protection of scenic spots, create well-known brands, and take the path of sustainable development in the development of Anhui's tourism industry. Improving the visibility, infrastructure construction, ecological environment protection, and characteristic product development and marketing of "Anhui rural tourism" is one of the major trends in the future development of Anhui's tourism industry.

Study on the influence of collecting parameters of deep-sea seafloor massive sulfide on ore collecting characteristics

The commercialization of deep-sea mining has put forward strict requirements for ore collection output, ore collection efficiency, and environmental disturbance. However, the research of seafloor massive sulfide collection is in the initial stage. The influence of ore-collecting working parameters on the ore-collecting performance is not clear. In order to realize the commercial exploitation of deep-sea minerals, it is urgent to carry out the analysis and research on the influence of ore-collecting parameters on ore-collecting characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method is adopted in this paper to carry out numerical simulation research. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis method, the influence law of six ore collecting parameters on ore collecting characteristics was analyzed. On this basis, the prediction model of ore-collecting characteristics and the optimal selection of ore-collecting parameters are proposed. Through the research, it is suggested to select 133.2 kg/s flow suction for ore collecting hard pipe; 60 rpm rotation speed is recommended for the mining head. It is recommended to select mining areas with the mineral density of 3000 kg/m3 for collection. The collection stage should be broken as far as possible to the 25 mm chip size. The recommended cutting depth is 224 mm if the strength and system metrics are met. The research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the practice of deep-sea ore collection and has guiding significance for the selection of ore collection parameters, structural optimization design, and other engineering problems.

Occurrence of astrovirus in young racing pigeons and genome characterization of 2 new astrovirus genomes representing 2 new species

Enteropathies are a serious concern in racing pigeons as they significantly impair performance in races and their training, and viruses are suspected to be one of the main factors. Astroviruses are well-known to be responsible for causing enteric disease in humans and various other animals including birds, although their prevalence and pathogenicity in pigeons is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated 2 groups of young racing pigeons (sick-study group and healthy-control group) to assess the correlation between the number of astrovirus genome copies in cloacal swabs and the occurrence of enteropathy. To determine this, we developed a novel TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) methods for astrovirus detection and absolute quantitative analysis. We also performed high-throughput sequencing to obtain the complete genome sequences and establish the genetic similarity of the obtained strains to known astroviruses of poultry and other avian species. Two new complete genome sequences of pigeon astroviruses in the Avastrovirus genus were identified, representing 2 new species. These were found most closely related to astroviruses identified in Columbidae species and chickens. They share an average of 75.8% genome-wide pairwise identity and 57.6% and 64.6% capsid protein sequence identity with other unclassified columbid avastrovirus sequences in GenBank. Although the difference in prevalence of astrovirus in the study and control group was found statistically insignificant, there was a significant difference between the number of genome copies in positive samples from both groups. These unambiguous results leave the role of astroviruses as enteropathogenic factors in pigeons still undetermined.

Incorporating equity into transit performance measures: A disaggregated bus route level approach

Marginalized communities usually experience inadequate public transport services in North America. Within these communities, buses play a vital role in everyday activity participation. Unfortunately, transport services that may advance equity by improving coverage and service for disadvantaged population groups and areas are often overlooked in transit planning since they usually underperform in ridership-based metrics.To address this problem, the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) introduced an equity service policy in 2019 to enhance bus services in vulnerable neighbourhoods known as Neighbourhood Improvement Areas (NIAs). This policy involves augmenting observed ridership counts for buses serving NIAs to improve or protect services for these communities. Although this proposed measure can improve bus services in NIAs, its current form might exclude other equity-deserving riders (EDRs) living outside NIAs, increasing their accessibility barriers.Our study uses quantitative and spatial analytical methods to better understand the equity impacts of this service policy change. We propose moving from the aggregate neighbourhood-based approach using NIAs to a more comprehensive and disaggregated person-based approach. First, we create an alternate method that identifies EDRs at the bus stop level using a fusion of census and travel survey data. We then explore the differences in augmented ridership levels created by the two approaches and evaluate whether the augmented ridership levels are likely to result in meaningful service changes using existing TTC service standards.We found that 2 out of 3 transit riders in Toronto are equity-deserving, with 72% residing outside NIAs. Our approach reveals increased ridership on routes with many EDRs, which receive minimal augmentation under the NIA-based method. Conversely, if all riders in NIAs are considered EDRs, our approach shows a 19% ridership overestimation equivalent to 35,245 users. Based on these results, we recommend creating a dedicated equity tool with an individual-centric focus, identifying areas with low transit service and high EDR percentages. This tool could then be integrated as an equity perspective into annual bus service planning.

Sensitivity analysis for publication bias in meta-analysis of sparse data based on exact likelihood.

Meta-analysis is a powerful tool to synthesize findings from multiple studies. The normal-normal random-effects model is widely used to account for between-study heterogeneity. However, meta-analyses of sparse data, which may arise when the event rate is low for binary or count outcomes, pose a challenge to the normal-normal random-effects model in the accuracy and stability in inference since the normal approximation in the within-study model may not be good. To reduce bias arising from data sparsity, the generalized linear mixed model can be used by replacing the approximate normal within-study model with an exact model. Publication bias is one of the most serious threats in meta-analysis. Several quantitative sensitivity analysis methods for evaluating the potential impacts of selective publication are available for the normal-normal random-effects model. We propose a sensitivity analysis method by extending the likelihood-based sensitivity analysis with the $t$-statistic selection function of Copas to several generalized linear mixed-effects models. Through applications of our proposed method to several real-world meta-analyses and simulation studies, the proposed method was proven to outperform the likelihood-based sensitivity analysis based on the normal-normal model. The proposed method would give useful guidance to address publication bias in the meta-analysis of sparse data.

Statistical Analysis of Moisture Sources and Quantitative Contribution of Cold Vortex Rainstorms in Northeast China during the Warm Season

Abstract The northeast cold vortex (NECV) is an essential system in the northeast region (NER) of China. Understanding the moisture source and associated transport characteristics of NECV rainstorms is the key to the knowledge of its mechanisms. In this study, we focus on two NECV rainstorm centers during the warm season (May–September) from 2008 to 2013. The Flexible Particle (FLEXPART) model and quantitative contribution analysis method are applied to reveal the moisture sources and their quantitative contribution. The results demonstrate that for the northern NECV rainstorm center (R1), Northeast Asia (35.66%) and east-central China and its coastal regions (29.14%) make prominent moisture contributions, followed by R1 (11.37%), whereas east-central China and its coastal regions (45.16%), the southern NECV rainstorm center itself (R2, 17.90%), and the northwest Pacific (10.24%) principally contribute to R2. Moisture uptake in Northeast Asia differs between R1 and R2, which could serve as one of the vital indicators to judge where the NECV rainstorm falls in NER. Moisture from the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the South China Sea suffers massive en route loss, although these sources’ contribution and uptake are positively correlated with the intensity and scale of NECV rainstorms in the two centers. There exists intermonth and geographical variability in NECV rainstorms when the main moisture source region contributes the most. Regulated by the atmospheric circulation and the East Asian summer monsoon, the particle trajectories and source contributions of NECV rainstorms vary from month to month. Sources’ contribution also turns out to be diverse in the overall warm season.

Utilization of the FTIR spectroscopic method for the quantitative determination of the narrow therapeutic index levothyroxine sodium in pharmaceutical tablets

Levothyroxine sodium is a narrow therapeutic index drug used for the treatment of hypothyroidism. The medication is marketed in tablet form with very low doses ranging from 25 to 150 µg, which requires the development of a sensitive quantitative analytical method to ensure a safe and effective pharmacological response. In the present work, a Fourier transform infrared method has been developed and validated for levothyroxine sodium determination in various pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method involves selectively extracting levothyroxine sodium from the studied tablets using chloroform as solvent, then depositing it on a KBr pellet, followed by infrared measurements and spectra analysis. The peak band area corresponding to the C=C centered at 1409 cm-1 has been chosen for the quantification. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines and was found to be simple, precise, accurate, and specific. The linearity, detection, and quantitation limits are 25–800, 8.121, and 24.545 µg/pellet, respectively. These values confer the method’s sensitivity and applicability for the determination of different pharmaceutical tablets with various dosages. A statistical comparison with a reference HPLC method showed no significant difference. Accordingly, the developed method can be employed for quality control testing of levothyroxine sodium due to its simplicity and the absence of sophisticated instrumentation and procedures. Graphical abstract:

From Viewpoint to Space: Quantitative Analysis Method for Visual Characteristics of Landscape Space Based on Point Cloud

From Viewpoint to Space: Quantitative Analysis Method for Visual Characteristics of Landscape Space Based on Point Cloud

A modified generalized harmonic function perturbation method and its application in analyzing generalized Duffing–Harmonic–Rayleigh–Liénard oscillator

A modified generalized harmonic function perturbation method is proposed in this paper. Compared with the classical version of this method, the modified version can execute its procedures pure symbolically without the need to assign any system parameters even for some complicated nonlinear oscillators. This means that the relations between amplitude of limit cycles and system parameters can be derived analytically from the proposed method. Meanwhile, the analytical expression of characteristic quantity of limit cycles can be also obtained. Via these analytical expressions, the evolutional process of limit cycles can be studied quantitatively in amplitude domain. It demonstrates the entire live period of each limit cycle from its generation to bifurcation to destination. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, a complicated oscillator named generalized Duffing–Harmonic–Rayleigh–Liénard oscillator is investigated in this paper. First, the two analytical expressions mentioned above are derived and the global evolution of its limit cycles are analyzed quantitatively. Second, the critical value of homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcation parameters are also predicted via this two analytical expressions. Moreover, the analytical approximate solutions of both limit cycles and homo-heteroclinic orbits are calculated. To prove the accuracy, all the above results obtained via the proposed methods are confirmed by the Runge–Kutta method, which show a good accordance. Therefore, the proposed method can be considered as an effective modification for a classical perturbation method. It provides another feasible and reliable analytical quantitative method for analyzing global dynamics of strongly nonlinear oscillators.

Women in Local Politics: A Case Study of Poznań and the Wielkopolska Regional Assembly, 2018–2022 [Kobiety w samorządzie terytorialnym i w polityce lokalnej miasta Poznania w latach 2018–2022

The purpose of the study was to examine the participation of women in local government and local politics in the city of Poznań. The study used the method of quantitative analysis that focused on actions taken by female councilors of the City of Poznań and the Wielkopolska Province, including their interpellations and inquiries, and functions held by women in the two local governments. Moreover, the analysis covered political role indicators used in the study by the European Charter on Equality of Women and Men in Local Life. The study considered the period from the beginning of the current local government term (November 2018) to December 31, 2022. It also utilized data published in the Public Information Bulletins of the City of Poznań and the Local Government of the Wielkopolska Province.

Utilizing the game design factor questionnaire to develop engaging games for adaptive learning in the serious educational game: the Ma'had

This study explores the unique mandatory residence, Ma'had Sunan Ampel Al Alyi (MSAA), at the State Islamic University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, aiming to develop Quranic reading competence in new students. The varying educational backgrounds of admitted students lead to differences in their Quranic reading capabilities, highlighting the need for adaptive learning. In response to this diversity, adaptive learning using artificial intelligence is employed, implemented through the serious education game "The Ma'had." Survey results from expert individuals using a Game Design Factor Questionnaire reveal the game's substantial potential. The results show high agreement (100%) on clear goals, engaging gameplay, and a sense of freedom, with 67% strongly agreeing on improved understanding. Challenges are motivating, and the game successfully sparks curiosity. "The Ma’had" Game proves effective, but further research is recommended to explore variations in player engagement and compare results with expert test subjects, employing alternative quantitative testing methods for a comprehensive analysis.

Analisis Pengukuran Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Pemerintah Kabupaten Buton Selatan

This research aims to determine the Financial Performance of the Regional Government of South Buton Regency in terms of Financial Ratios including the Independence Ratio, Effectiveness Ratio, Regional Financial Activity Ratio, and Growth Ratio. The data used in this research is the South Buton Regency Regional Government Budget Ralization Report for 2018-2022. In this research, the method used is quantitative descriptive analysis method. Data collection methods were carried out by interviews and documentation. Based on the research results, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The Regional Financial Independence Ratio is still very low in the instructive relationship pattern because the average is 3.91%, (2) The Effectiveness Ratio shows that the Regional Financial Performance of the South Buton Regency Regional Government is categorized as very effective because the average is 172.15%, (3) The financial activity ratio of the Regional Government of South Buton Regency shows that the majority of funds owned by the Government of South Buton Regency still prioritize operational spending with an average of 67.95% compared to average capital expenditure is 30.09%, and (4) the Growth Ratio shows that the Financial Performance of the South Buton Regency Regional Government is always fluctuating and categorized as less than good.

Kontribusi dan Efektivitas Pajak Daerah Di Kabupaten Sumba Timur

This research was conducted in East Sumba Regency which is one of the regencies of East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research aimed to see the contribution and effectiveness of regional taxes in increasing local income of regency (PAD). The data analysis method used was secondary data with descriptive quantitative data analysis methods, since 2014 to 2022. Regional taxes in East Sumba Regency experienced fluctuations from 2014 - 2022, and the fluctuations were only between the criteria of less and moderate in contributing of increasing regional income. Even though it was still in the moderate criteria, local taxes were still quite effective in increasing income. The results obtained that the effectiveness of local taxes had fluctuated, where since 2014 - 2016 it was classified as very effective. However, in 2017 - 2021 it continued to fluctuate until in 2022 where it decreased to be quite effective. This became feedbacks for the region to increase regional income

WHY ARE INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS SATISFIED WITH ECOTOURISM IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM?

The satisfaction of tourists plays a crucial role in the success of a tourist destination. This study aims to demonstrate factors influencing the satisfaction of international tourists with ecotourism in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The study employs a convenient sampling combined with direct interviews of 256 international tourists who have experienced ecotourism services in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Quantitative analysis methods used in the study include testing the reliability of the scale using Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The research results have proven 06 factors influencing the satisfaction of international tourists with ecotourism in the Mekong Delta, including trust, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangible facilities, and local characteristics. Among these, the local characteristic factor has the most impact on the satisfaction of international tourists with ecotourism in the Mekong Delta. The research results will provide managerial implications to enhance service quality and improve the satisfaction of international tourists with ecotourism in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam.