Quantification Of Ecosystem Services Research Articles

Quantification and driving force analysis of ecosystem services supply, demand and balance in China

Spatially quantifying ecosystem services (ES) supply, demand and balance dynamics and exploring their relations with socio-economic factors are very significant for regional sustainability. In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) matrix model was used to quantify the relevant capacity of the ES supply, demand and balance in China. Also, we explored the spatial-temporal characteristics of ES at three scales (national, provincial and city scale). The results revealed that the ES supply, demand and balance in China had strong spatial heterogeneity and showed different time-varying characteristics on different scales. For the provinces with ES deficit, linear optimization model was then applied to achieve the theoretical ES balance through land cover conversion. For the provinces with negative regulating ES, farmland should be significantly reduced while desert and grassland should be converted to farmland and forest for the provinces with negative provisioning ES. In addition, the key driving factors of ES dynamics were selected through ordination analysis of 109 cities at city scale. The results showed that forest proportion was the most important influencing factor of ecosystem services supply while ES supply management can be carried out by adjusting the output values of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. On the other hand, ES demand can be adjusted by per capita GDP, energy consumption per unit of GDP and permanent population. The results can provide targeted information with ES management and this method can be applied at a smaller scale considering data availability. This study provides a convenient and propagable method for ES quantification and a quantitative support for regional ES management decisions.

Evaluation and simulation of the impact of land use change on ecosystem services based on a carbon flow model: A case study of the Manas River Basin of Xinjiang, China

Land use change affects ecosystem services by changing the structure and function of ecosystems. Carbon flows throughout natural and socioeconomic systems can effectively reveal this process. The Manas River Basin has experienced rapid oasis expansion for decades, and land use change in the basin is very typical. Oasis expansion has caused a large amount of cropland to invade natural vegetation, thus affecting ecosystem services. This study used a biomass-based ecosystem service estimation model to assess changes in ecosystem services in the Manas River Basin. The carbon flow model was constructed using energy systems language, and the future development of ecosystem services was simulated based on different land use scenarios. The results show the following: (1) From 1980 to 2015, the river basin provisioning service was continuously optimized, while the regulating, supporting and cultural services were reduced. (2) If the expansion of cropland continues, then carbon will be transferred from the natural ecosystem to the cropland. Regulation, support and cultural services in the basin continue to decrease. Due to the shortage of water resources in the basin, the growth of provisioning services is limited. (3) If the project of returning cropland to grassland is implemented, then the carbon in the natural ecosystem will gradually recover. The regulating, supporting and cultural services of the river basin are rising, but provisioning services are gradually decreasing. In general, the model based on energy systems language can reflect the ecological process within the system and effectively reveal the carbon flow process between ecosystems. The use of carbon to quantify ecosystem services can harmonize dimensions, facilitate comparisons, and mitigate errors in outcomes due to different evaluation criteria or subjective factors. Therefore, this study combines energy systems language with carbon flow, which helps to more rationally explore the impact of land use change on ecosystem services, thereby providing valuable information for river basin management.

Towards globally customizable ecosystem service models

Scientists, stakeholders and decision makers face trade-offs between adopting simple or complex approaches when modeling ecosystem services (ES). Complex approaches may be time- and data-intensive, making them more challenging to implement and difficult to scale, but can produce more accurate and locally specific results. In contrast, simple approaches allow for faster assessments but may sacrifice accuracy and credibility. The ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) modeling platform has endeavored to provide a spectrum of simple to complex ES models that are readily accessible to a broad range of users. In this paper, we describe a series of five “Tier 1” ES models that users can run anywhere in the world with no user input, while offering the option to easily customize models with context-specific data and parameters. This approach enables rapid ES quantification, as models are automatically adapted to the application context. We provide examples of customized ES assessments at three locations on different continents and demonstrate the use of ARIES' spatial multi-criteria analysis module, which enables spatial prioritization of ES for different beneficiary groups. The models described here use publicly available global- and continental-scale data as defaults. Advanced users can modify data input requirements, model parameters or entire model structures to capitalize on high-resolution data and context-specific model formulations. Data and methods contributed by the research community become part of a growing knowledge base, enabling faster and better ES assessment for users worldwide. By engaging with the ES modeling community to further develop and customize these models based on user needs, spatiotemporal contexts, and scale(s) of analysis, we aim to cover the full arc from simple to complex assessments, minimizing the additional cost to the user when increased complexity and accuracy are needed.

Quantifying ecosystem services supply and demand shortfalls and mismatches for management optimisation

Research on ecosystem services (ESs) has increased substantially in recent decades, but the findings have been slow to affect actual management, perhaps because most studies to date have neglected ESs supply and demand coupling mechanisms. Human reliance on ESs is due to the capacity of the landscape to supply services, but also to a societal need for these services. Sustainable land management requires supply and demand mismatches to be reconciled and the needs of different stakeholders to be balanced. Explicit spatial mapping of ESs supply and demand associated with land use changes can provide relevant insights for enhancing land management in urban areas. The emphasis is now shifting to enhancing sustainable land use, to ensure that supply meets or exceeds demand. In this study, a comprehensive framework comprising four core steps for quantifying ESs supply and demand changes associated with land use changes was developed and applied in a case study on Shanghai municipality, on the basis of environmental quality standards and policy goals. The balance thresholds of ESs supply and demand were derived by regression analysis between ESs and land use/land cover types. The results revealed large spatial heterogeneity in supply and demand for four key ESs tested: carbon sequestration, water retention, particulate (PM10) removal and recreation. Carbon sequestration, water retention and recreation services all showed major shortfalls in supply that changed dramatically with urban land use change. This is valuable empirical evidence and has timely policy implications for management in a rapid urbanising world.

Scenario analysis of land-use and ecosystem services of social-ecological landscapes: implications of alternative development pathways under declining population in the Noto Peninsula, Japan

Population-decline and subsequent underuse of social-ecological landscapes are increasingly being recognized as one of the crucial drivers behind the loss and deterioration of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In line with this, the study aimed to explore how alternative development pathways influence future land-use patterns, biodiversity and ecosystem services against a rapidly declining population in the Noto peninsula of Japan. By combining land-use simulation and evaluation of ecosystem services, the study formulated four exploratory scenarios for 2050, assuming a contrasting level of the society’s reliance on domestic natural capital and different demographic patterns. At first, we analyzeds historical land-use changes between 1997 and 2007 and thereby simulated four plausible alternative scenarios using the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network model. These scenarios were further used to quantify ecosystem services and landscape heterogeneity (as biodiversity indicator). The scenario analysis demonstrated that future land-use pattern could vary drastically depending on how the society utilize local natural capital even under the severe depopulation trend, whereas demographic patterns, in general, did not make discernible differences in land-use, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Nevertheless, a land-use change made considerable differences in the level of ecosystem services and landscape heterogeneity with varying degrees. Our analysis suggested that ecosystem services such as food production and nitrogen retention as well as landscape heterogeneity would decrease considerably by 2050 under the scenarios where the utilization of local natural capital decline and a significant amount of farmland are abandoned. Our findings highlight the vital role of land-use and agricultural policy in shaping the future availability of ecosystem services and biodiversity in this area.

Coupling land-use change and hydrologic models for quantification of catchment ecosystem services

Representation of land-use and hydrologic interactions in respective models has traditionally been problematic. The use of static land-use in most hydrologic models or that of the use of simple hydrologic proxies in land-use change models call for more integrated approaches. The objective of this study is to assess whether dynamic feedback between land-use change and hydrology can (1) improve model performances, and/or (2) produce a more realistic quantification of ecosystem services. To test this, we coupled a land-use change model and a hydrologic mode. First, the land-use change and the hydrologic models were separately developed and calibrated. Then, the two models were dynamically coupled to exchange data at yearly time-steps. The approach is applied to a catchment in South Africa. Performance of coupled models when compared to the uncoupled models were marginal, but the coupled models excelled at the quantification of catchment ecosystem services more robustly.

Comparison of ecosystem services provided by grasslands with different utilization patterns in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Although several previous studies in Inner Mongolia examined the effects of ecological conservation on the delivery of ecosystem services, they were often limited in scope (few ecosystem services were assessed) and often suffered from confounding by spatial variation. In this study, we examined the impact of conservation measures (changes in grassland utilization patterns) on the provision of selected ecosystem services in three types of grasslands (meadow steppe in Hulun Buir, typical steppe in Xilin Gol, and semi-desert steppe in Ordos) in Inner Mongolia. We examined five utilization patterns: no use (natural grasslands), light use, moderate use, intensive use, and recovery sites (degraded sites protected from further use). Through household surveys and vegetation and soil surveys, we measured the differences in ecosystem services among the different grassland utilization patterns. We also identified spatial factors that confounded the quantification of ecosystem services in different types of grasslands. We found that light use generally provided high levels of ecosystem services in meadow steppe and typical steppe, with the main differences in the supporting ecosystem services. Surprisingly, we found no consistently positive impacts of strict conservation activities across the sites, since the results varied spatially and with respect to differences in the land-use patterns. Our study suggests that appropriate grassland utilization patterns can enhance the supply of ecosystem services and reduce negative effects on both household livelihoods and the environment.

Responses of aerial insectivorous bats to local and landscape-level features of coffee agroforestry systems in Western Ghats, India.

Shade coffee has shown great promise in providing crucial habitats for biodiversity outside formal protected areas. Insectivorous bats have been understudied in coffee, although they may provide pest control services. We investigated the influence of local and landscape-level features of coffee farms on aerial insectivorous bats in Chikmagalur district in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Bats were monitored in 20 farm sites using ultrasound detectors, and the response of bat species richness and activity to changes in tree density, proportion of built-up area in the neighborhood, and distance of farm from forest areas quantified. We examined if models built to explain the species richness and activity could also predict them in nine additional sites. We detected nine phonic types/species in the study area. The quantified predictors had no effect on assemblage-level species richness and activity of bats. Responses of edge-space and cluttered-space forager guilds mirrored those of the overall assemblage, but some species vulnerable to forest conversion like Rhinolophus beddomei were detected rarely. Best models explained up to 20% and 15% variation in assemblage-level species richness and activity respectively, and were poor predictors of both response variables. We conclude that coffee farms in our study area offer an important commuting space for insectivorous bats across a gradient of shade management. Further research should include species-specific responses to management decisions for at-risk species and quantification of ecosystem services like natural pest control to inform biodiversity conservation initiatives in the Western Ghats coffee landscapes.

Mapeo y caracterización servicio ecosistémico de provisión y recreación en la cordillera de Nahuelbuta (37º30’’ - 38º00’’ Sur)

Los servicios ecosistémicos son los beneficios que las personas obtienen de los ecosistemas naturales. La caracterización y cuantificación de los servicios ecosistémicos contribuyen a la gestión sustentable de los recursos naturales. Los bosques son ecosistemas que otorgan múltiples servicios, entre los que se destacan servicios de provisión de productos forestales no maderables y servicios culturales de recreación. En este contexto el estudio se enfocó en el análisis y evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos de la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta a través del mapeo y cuantificación de dichos servicios. Se analizó cómo influye el grado de naturalidad de las formaciones boscosas en la generación de estos servicios. Se estimó el stock de productos forestales no maderables concentrándose en frutos, semillas y hongos. Los resultados arrojan que el área alberga hasta 36 especies que proveen productos forestales no maderables en las formaciones boscosas de Bosque mixto templado de Nahuelbuta de Nothofagus dombeyi y N. obliqua y el Bosque laurifolio templado costero de Aextoxicon punctatum y Laurelia sempervirens. En relación al servicio de recreación se estimó un alto potencial de recreación y ecoturismo en la zona, en especial los sectores de Caramávida, Trongol y Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta los cuales presentan una adecuada combinación de atributos para la recreación tales como recursos singulares, belleza escénica, accesibilidad y capacidad de atracción turística. Los resultados revelan la necesidad de una urgente y adecuada protección de aquellas áreas núcleos en donde se concentra la mayor provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos analizados.

Taxonomic and functional facets of the resilience to management of mown subalpine grasslands

AbstractQuestionsSustaining ecosystem services for society in the face of global change is a major challenge. Resilience, an ecosystem's ability to absorb disturbance and return to its initial functioning, is critical for this. We assessed the resilience of mown subalpine grasslands following restoration management. Using a novel multi‐indicator approach, we asked how different taxonomic and functional facets of biodiversity influence resilience mechanisms. We demonstrated this approach for a case study in subalpine grasslands, asking: how resilient are grasslands dominated by Patzkea paniculata and their agronomic services to changing mowing regimes?LocationVillar d'Arène, Hautes‐Alpes, Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d'Azur, France. Boundary area of Ecrins National Park.MethodsA manipulative experiment tested the reciprocal effects of mowing cessation and mowing resumption for 10 years. We analysed floristic composition data following four steps. First, we used the Community Structure Integrity Index (CSII; Jaunatre et al., ) to obtain qualitative and quantitative summaries of taxonomic responses. The second step focused on taxonomic biodiversity using species richness, Simpson and Pielou indices, and responsive species identified in the first step. Third, we analysed functional diversity responses using functional groups and community weighted mean (CWM) of vegetative plant traits. Finally, we quantified ecosystem services impacts by estimating fodder quantity and quality using trait‐based models.ResultsThe mowing manipulation demonstrated the high resilience of P. paniculata grasslands and revealed reversibility of transitions between mown and unmown states. By reducing the abundance of P. paniculata, the resumption of mowing restored forage quality. Supported by a complementary case study on post‐disturbance re‐sowing in hay meadows, this study demonstrates the resilience of mown subalpine grasslands to management change and explores underlying belowground mechanisms of vegetative regeneration and belowground reserves.ConclusionOur novel multi‐indicator approach provides multifaceted mechanistic understanding necessary to anticipate impacts of socio‐ecological changes and to maintain the multiple benefits of mountain grasslands. Addressing the different facets of biodiversity from abundance data that are systematically collected in impact or monitoring assessment, this approach provides a common framework, widely applicable to different types of restoration or management interventions, across regions and biota.

Urban Park Systems to Support Sustainability: The Role of Urban Park Systems in Hot Arid Urban Climates

Quantifying ecosystem services in urban areas is complex. However, existing ecosystem service typologies and ecosystem modeling can provide a means towards understanding some key biophysical links between urban forests and ecosystem services. This project addresses broader concepts of sustainability by assessing the urban park system in Phoenix, Arizona’s hot urban climate. This project aims to quantify and demonstrate the multiple ecosystem services provided by Phoenix’s green infrastructure (i.e., urban park system), including its air pollution removal values, carbon sequestration and storage, avoided runoff, structural value, and the energy savings it provides for city residents. Modeling of ecosystem services of the urban park system revealed around 517,000 trees within the system, representing a 7.20% tree cover. These trees remove about 3630 tons (t) of carbon (at an associated value of $285,000) and about 272 t of air pollutants (at an associated value of $1.16 million) every year. Trees within Phoenix’s urban park system are estimated to reduce annual residential energy costs by $106,000 and their structural value is estimated at $692 million. The findings of this research will increase our knowledge of the value of green infrastructure services provided by different types of urban vegetation and assist in the future design, planning and management of green infrastructure in cities. Thus, this study has implications for both policy and practice, contributing to a better understanding of the multiple benefits of green infrastructure and improving the design of green spaces in hot arid urban climates around the globe.

Future land use management effects on ecosystem services under different scenarios in the Wabe River catchment of Gurage Mountain chain landscape, Ethiopia

In this study, we have modeled and examined future land use management effects on ecosystem services in the Wabe River catchment of the Gurage Mountain chain landscape, Ethiopia. In addition to the climate-resilient scenario designed to meet the strategic plan of Ethiopia, the business as usual (BAU) and an alternative agroforestry scenario were modeled for the year 2030 to align with the government long-term development plan. Through the statistical and biophysical modeling approach, this study quantified and mapped the food production, water provision, carbon storage, and sequestration and sediment retention ecosystem services. The land use land cover and the other datasets were obtained from various primary and secondary sources, and prepared according to the models requirement. The future scenarios were modeled through the Land Change Modeler for ArcGIS and InVEST Scenario Generator models. The simulated BAU scenario result revealed that all of the ecosystem services decreased from the baseline status. In contrast, implementation of the climate-resilient strategy could enhance the existing status of ecosystem services. In the agroforestry scenario, all of the quantified ecosystem services increased even more than the climate-resilient scenario. We conclude that landscape management activities described in the climate-resilient strategy could ensure sustainable production while conserving the environment. However, we recommend the enset-based agroforestry system expansion, which could boost food production and enhance other ecological services in the catchment. Further studies are suggested on the expansion of this system in the catchment and similar parts of Ethiopia.

Institutional challenges for corporate participation in payments for ecosystem services (PES): insights from Southeast Asia

Environmental sustainability relies on the adequate financing of biodiversity conservation—increasingly from the private sector. Meanwhile, corporate sustainability relies on the effective management of natural capital and ecosystem services used in production. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) offers an important practical mechanism for addressing these issues. However, the uptake of corporate-financed PES has been underwhelming, implying that companies may face institutional and motivational challenges to participate in PES. This article presents an assessment framework to determine the conduciveness of PES to real-world corporate environmental strategies and actions, be they (a) voluntary or compliance-based, (b) reactive or proactive, (c) requiring low or high amounts of data, (d) seeking a direct or indirect return on investment (ROI), (e) conducted proximal to or far from the operation site, (f) short-term or long-term, and (g) utilising internal or external resources. Interview data elicited from public, private, and civil sector actors in Thailand and the Philippines highlights key barriers to corporate-financed PES. Results imply companies may be: (1) hesitant to get involved with unknown or uncertain concepts such as ecosystem services; (2) reluctant to fund the technical studies and repeat payments that PES requires; (3) disinterested in direct ROI—instead content with philanthropic projects that can boost public relations; and (4) bound by protocols that restrict the spatial and temporal scales at which PES can operate. To overcome these challenges, policy makers could devise reputational and economic incentives, and incorporate ecosystem services into existing institutions such as environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and ISO 14001. Meanwhile, PES practitioners (government agencies and NGOs) should use quick and simple metrics to quantify ecosystem services, and tolerate buyer willingness-to-pay. Increasing corporate ecosystem service demand, and participation in PES, will likely require firm-level institutional change, and business strategies to improve supply chain management and mitigate the negative effects of environmental and climate change.

Assessing climate change risks to the natural environment to facilitate cross-sectoral adaptation policy.

Climate change policy requires prioritization of adaptation actions across many diverse issues. The policy agenda for the natural environment includes not only biodiversity, soils and water, but also associated human benefits through agriculture, forestry, water resources, hazard alleviation, climate regulation and amenity value. To address this broad agenda, the use of comparative risk assessment is investigated with reference to statutory requirements of the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment. Risk prioritization was defined by current adaptation progress relative to risk magnitude and implementation lead times. Use of an ecosystem approach provided insights into risk interactions, but challenges remain in quantifying ecosystem services. For all risks, indirect effects and potential systemic risks were identified from land-use change, responding to both climate and socio-economic drivers, and causing increased competition for land and water resources. Adaptation strategies enhancing natural ecosystem resilience can buffer risks and sustain ecosystem services but require improved cross-sectoral coordination and recognition of dynamic change. To facilitate this, risk assessments need to be reflexive and explicitly assess decision outcomes contingent on their riskiness and adaptability, including required levels of human intervention, influence of uncertainty and ethical dimensions. More national-scale information is also required on adaptation occurring in practice and its efficacy in moderating risks.This article is part of the theme issue 'Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy'.

Ecohydrological model for the quantification of ecosystem services provided by urban street trees

Urban green spaces have been recognized as an important source of ecosystem services, whose quantification requires the determination of quantities related to energy, water, carbon and soil nutrient content. In this paper we propose a stochastic ecohydrological model that couples two existing models for water and nutrients in urban soil at the single street-tree scale. The model input are rainfall and irrigation, for water, and deposition and fertilization, for nitrogen, while the output are evapotranspiration, runoff and deep percolation, for water, and plant uptake and leaching, for nitrogen. The various terms are related to the amount of paved and impervious surfaces that surround the tree trunk and regulate the water and nutrient fluxes in and out the soil. Particular attention is paid to the effects of seasonal variations on plant water and nutrients through a temporal variation of the hydrologic variables (i.e., temperature and rainfall intensity and frequencies). The average model outputs are preliminarily compared with the scant existing literature data, supporting the model application to cities with different climatic conditions. The model results are used to estimate the potential for ecosystem services like tree cooling effects, soil carbon sequestration or storm-water management. Because of the minimal structure of the proposed model, it requires a very low amount of data, while accounting for the stochastic input of rainfall. In the context of climate change and increasing urbanization, the model may offer useful indications to urban planners to enhance ecosystem services while minimizing irrigation, fertilization and their related costs.

Quantifying Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystem Services: A Review

The complexity of quantifying ecosystem services in monetary terms has long been a challenging issue for economists and ecologists. Many case specific valuation studies have been carried out in various parts of the World. Yet, a coherent review on the valuation of coastal ecosystem services (CES), which systematically describes fundamental concepts, analyzes reported applications, and addresses the issue of climate change (CC) impacts on the monetary value of CES is still lacking. Here, we take a step towards addressing this knowledge gap by pursuing a coherent review that aims to provide policy makers and researchers in multidisciplinary teams with a summary of the state-of-the-art and a guideline on the process of economic valuation of CES and potential changes in these values due to CC impacts. The article highlights the main concepts of CES valuation studies and offers a systematic analysis of the best practices by analyzing two global scale and 30 selected local and regional case studies, in which different CES have been valued. Our analysis shows that coral reefs and mangroves are among the most frequently valued ecosystems, while sea-grass beds are the least considered ones. Currently, tourism and recreation services as well as storm protection are two of the most considered services representing higher estimated value than other CES. In terms of the valuation techniques used, avoided damage, replacement and substitute cost method as well as stated preference method are among the most commonly used valuation techniques. Following the above analysis, we propose a methodological framework that provides step-wise guidance and better insight into the linkages between climate change impacts and the monetary value of CES. This highlights two main types of CC impacts on CES: one being the climate regulation services of coastal ecosystems, and the other being the monetary value of services, which is subject to substantial uncertainty. Finally, a systematic four-step approach is proposed to effectively monetize potential CC driven variations in the value of CES.

Quantifying ecosystem service flows at multiple scales across the range of a long-distance migratory species

Migratory species provide ecosystem goods and services throughout their annual cycles, often over long distances. Designing effective conservation solutions for migratory species requires knowledge of both species ecology and the socioeconomic context of their migrations. We present a framework built around the concept that migratory species act as carriers, delivering benefit flows to people throughout their annual cycle that are supported by the network of ecosystems upon which the species depend. We apply this framework to the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) migration of eastern North America by calculating their spatial subsidies. Spatial subsidies are the net ecosystem service flows throughout a species’ range and a quantitative measure of the spatial mismatch between the locations where people receive most benefits and the locations of habitats that most support the species. Results indicate cultural benefits provided by monarchs in the U.S. and Canada are subsidized by migration and overwintering habitat in Mexico. At a finer scale, throughout the monarch range, habitat in rural landscapes subsidizes urban residents. Understanding the spatial distribution of benefits derived from and ecological support provided to monarchs and other migratory species offers a promising means of understanding the costs and benefits associated with conservation across jurisdictional borders.

基于土地利用与土地覆被的长三角生态系统服务供需空间格局及热点区变化

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于土地利用与土地覆被的长三角生态系统服务供需空间格局及热点区变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201707061225 作者: 作者单位: 南京农业大学,南京农业大学,南京农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费青年基金项目（KJQN201847）；江苏省博士后科研资助计划（1701112C）；教育部高等学校学科创新111引智计划（B17024） A land cover-based assessment of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics in the Yangtze River Delta region Author: Affiliation: Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:快速城市化与土地利用变化导致区域生态系统服务供需失衡，进而使得生态环境恶化已成为共识。开展生态系统服务供需关系及其空间量化研究，有助于识别出区域中存在的主要生态环境问题及其关键驱动。以长江三角洲为研究区，基于土地利用与土地覆被和生态系统服务供给和需求评价矩阵的方法对1985-2015年长三角生态系统服务供需盈亏格局及热点变化进行分析，结果表明：1）长三角地区生态系统服务供给减少，需求增多，生态系统服务盈余区从1985年的40.9%下降至2015年的38.5%，生态系统服务赤字区面积占比从1985年的1.3%增长到2015年的10.6%，总体呈现供不应求的趋势；2）沪宁杭城市发展梯度带上生态系统服务供需盈亏呈"V"型分布，且30年内城市中心及其附近的生态系统服务供需值下降更为明显；3）30年内长三角生态系统服务供需盈余热点区整体变化不大，30年内面积减少了0.1%；而赤字热点区则呈现出快速扩张趋势，面积占比30年内增加了14.9%。说明随着城市化进程的加快，长三角生态系统服务供需亏损状况更严重；4）生态系统服务供需评价矩阵可以比较简便、全面的反映出生态系统服务供需盈亏状况，研究结果可对快速城市化地区生态环境与土地利用规划与管理提供有益参考。 Abstract:The rapid urbanization and changes in land use can result in imbalance between ecosystem services supply and demand at the regional scale, which is the major cause of regional ecosystem degradation. Therefore, it becomes essential to conduct quantitative analyses of ecosystem services supply and demand to identify key environmental issues and their driving forces in a region. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics during 1985-2015 for the Yangtze River Delta region, by employing the ecosystem services supply-demand assessment matrix approach based on land use and land cover types in the region. Our results showed 1) decreasing ecosystem services supply, but increasing ecosystem services demand for the Yangtze River Delta region over the past three decades. The area of the ecosystem service oversupply region decreased from 40.9% in 1985 to 38.5% in 2015, while the area of the ecosystem service undersupply region increased from 1.3% to 10.6% during the same period. 2) The ecosystem services supply-demand index value showed a "V" distribution pattern along the urban-rural gradient transects across Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou. Peri-urban areas experienced dramatic decreases in ecosystem services supply-demand index value during the past three decades. 3) The area of the ecosystem services supply-demand surplus hotspot regions remained stable (only decreased by 0.1% over the past three decades), while the area of the ecosystem services supply-demand deficit hotspot regions increased dramatically by 14.9% during the same period. This indicates that the imbalance between ecosystem services supply and demand has become a critical issue for the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta region. 4) The ecosystem services supply-demand assessment matrix approach provides a simple and comprehensive way to quantify ecosystem services supply-demand dynamics of a region. The findings presented in this paper also provide new insights into regulating land use distributions and ecosystem conservation for rapidly urbanizing regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A land-cover-based approach to assessing ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics in the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta region

It is essential to appraise the impacts of land use and cover change on both the supply and demand sides of ecosystem services to formulate effective land use policies towards sustainable development. However, it remains challenging to accurately quantify ecosystem services supply and demand with comparable measurement units. Burkhard et al. (2012) proposed the use of an expert-based matrix model to assess ecosystem services supply and demand per land cover class in comparable semi-quantitative units. In this study, we improved the matrix model by measuring the levels of uncertainty that arise from expert estimation to obtain more accurate estimates, and by proposing a more adequate synthesis method to create the comprehensive index for quantifying ecosystem services supply–demand budgets with semi-quantitative estimates in the matrices. Taking the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China as an example, we used the improved matrix model to characterize relative changes in ecosystem services supply and demand in response to land use and cover change during 1985–2015. According to our land-cover-based matrix model, the two dominant land cover types (built-up area and rice fields) in the four largest cities (Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou) of the YRD region all exhibited greater demand for freshwater, flood protection, water purification, and erosion regulation than the provision of these hydrological services. Consequently, the four cities also exhibited greater demand for these four hydrological services than the supply of these services from local ecosystems. During the past three decades, the built-up area of the four largest cities expanded by 2.2–4.9% annually, along with an annual decrease rate of 1.9–4.6% for croplands (including rice fields and rainfed croplands). The rapid urban expansion and the huge loss of croplands caused the supply–demand budget index value of food production service to decrease by 1.7–3.7% annually, indicating large decreases in the provision of food production service, alongside large increases in food demand. Among the three categories of ecosystem services, the regulating services were in severe short supply for the four largest cities of the YRD region, while the cultural services were in sufficient supply during the past three decades. In contrast, the provisioning services shifted from sufficient supply in 1985 to insufficient status in 2015, primarily due to the rapid urban expansion. Our results illustrate clear and direct impacts of urban encroachment on both the supply and demand sides of multiple ecosystem services. This improved matrix model can be applied to assess ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics for other rapidly urbanizing regions.

A review of riverine ecosystem service quantification: Research gaps and recommendations

Abstract Increasing demand for benefits provided by riverine ecosystems threatens their sustainable provision. The ecosystem service concept is a promising avenue to inform riverine ecosystem management, but several challenges have prevented the application of this concept. We quantitatively assess the field of riverine ecosystem services’ progress in meeting these challenges. We highlight conceptual and methodological gaps, which have impeded integration of the ecosystem service concept into management. Across 89 relevant studies, 33 unique riverine ecosystem services were evaluated, for a total of 404 ecosystem service quantifications. Studies quantified between 1 and 23 ecosystem services, although the majority (55%) evaluated three or less. Among studies that quantified more than one service, 58% assessed interactions between services. Most studies (71%) did not include stakeholders in their quantification protocols, and 34% developed future scenarios of ecosystem service provision. Almost half (45%) conducted monetary valuation, using 16 methods. Only 9% did not quantify or discuss uncertainties associated with service quantification. The indicators and methods used to quantify the same type of ecosystem service varied. Only 3% of services used indicators of capacity, flow and demand in concert. Our results suggest indicators, data sources and methods for quantifying riverine ecosystem services should be more clearly defined and accurately represent the service they intend to quantify. Furthermore, more assessments of multiple services across diverse spatial extents and of riverine service interactions are needed, with better inclusion of stakeholders. Addressing these challenges will help riverine ecosystem service science inform river management. Synthesis and applications. The ecosystem service concept has great potential to inform riverine ecosystem management and decision‐making processes. However, this review of riverine ecosystem service quantification uncovers several remaining research gaps, impeding effective use of this tool to manage riverine ecosystems. We highlight these gaps and point to studies showcasing methods that can be used to address them.