Quality Of Rice Varieties Research Articles

Lai tạo và tuyển chọn các dòng lúa chịu mặn từ tổ hợp lai hồi giao OM238/Pokkali

The hybridization and selection of salt tolerant and good quality rice varieties are the criteria for the current situation of climate change such as the present. Therefore, this study have transferred salinity tolerant genes of Pokkali to a good quality rice OM238 to determine the rice lines having both salinity tolerance and good quality. This study was caried out to: (1) to evaluate salinity tolerance phenotype by screening in artificial saline medium, (2) to test salinity tolerance gene by SSR technique, (3) to evaluate agronomic characteristics and grain quality based on International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) method. Breeding and selection to BC3F3 generation, then planted to tested at salty fields in BC3F4 and BC3F5 generations. The result revealed that two rice lines in the BC3F6 generation with both the salinity tolerant genes of Pokkali by RM1287 and high iron content in rice, amylose content £ 20%, gel consistency at group 1 (soft rice), low chalikiness of endosperm £ 8%, the long and slender rice grain to develop salinity tolerance and good quality rices.

전북지역 간척지에서 최고품질 벼 품종의 작물학적․ 이화학적 특성 비교 및 선발

현재까지 최고품질 벼 품종은 수광벼를 포함하여 15개 품종이 육성되었다. 본 연구는 이 중 전북지역 적응 품종(7개)을 대상으로 간척지에 적합한 품종을 선발하기 위해 생육특성, 수량, 품질 및 식미치를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 2년 평균 수광벼가 가장 8월 12일로 가장 빨랐고, 영호진미의 분얼수는 2년 동안 평균 19개로 편차가 없어 재배 안전성이 우수하였다. 간장은 2년 평균 수광벼가 81.8 cm로 가장 컸고 수장은 현품벼가 가장 컸다. 2. 포장도복, 깨시무늬병, 잎짚무늬마름병 및 기타 병해충도 모든 품종에서 2년간 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 등숙률은 2015년에 수광벼가 가장 높았지만 2016년 및 2년 평균은 품종간 차이가 없었다. 천립중은 신동진벼가 2년 평균 27.7 g으로 가장 높았고, 6개 품종은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수당립수는 2015년에 신동진벼가 가장 많았고 2016년에는 호품벼 및 수광벼가 많았다. 그러나 2년 평균값은 품종별 차이가 없었다. 수량은 2년 평균은 신동진벼(590) > 호품벼(575) > 영호진미벼(552) > 수광벼(551) > 호품벼(543) > 미품벼(534) > 해품(498 kg/10a)순으로 높게 조사되었으나 유의성은 없었다. 호품벼의 연 차간 수량 차이가 108 kg/10a로 가장 컸고 영호진미벼(12 kg/10a), 미품벼(20 kg/10a) 및 수광벼(24 kg/10a)의 연차간 수량차이가 상대적으로 적어 재배 안정성을 보였다. 2년간 천립중, 수당립수 및 수량의 평균값에 대해 상관관계를 분석한 결과 천립중 차이가 수량 차이의 직접적인 원인인 것으로 확인되었다(p 4. 2015년에 완전립 비율은 미품벼, 영호진미벼, 해품벼, 현품벼 및 신동진벼가 유의성 있는 증가를 보였고, 2016년에는 영호진미벼의 완전립 비율이 가장 높았다. 그러나 2년 평균값은 품종들간 유의성이 없었다. 단백질 함량은 2015년에는 영호진미벼, 2016년에는 해품벼에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보였으나 2년 평균값은 차이가 없었다. 아밀로스 함량은 수광벼의 2년 평균값이 가장 낮았으나 다른 품종들과 유의성은 없었다. 토요식미계의 값은 미품벼 및 수광벼 순으로 높았다. 5. 따라서 수량 및 완전미율 연차간 변이, 단백질 및 아밀로스 함량, 토요식미치를 기준으로 평가했을 때 전북지역 간척지 적합 품종은 수광벼로 판단된다.

Genetic and molecular characterization of photoperiod and thermo-sensitive male sterility in rice.

A review on photoperiod and temperature-sensitive genic male sterility in rice. Male sterility in plants, facilitating the development of hybrid crops, has made great contribution to crop productivity worldwide. Environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS), including photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS) and temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS), has provided a special class of germplasms for the breeding of "two-line" hybrids in several crops. In rice, the finding of the PGMS NK58S mutant in 1973 started the journey of research and breeding of two-line hybrids. Genetic and molecular characterization of these germplasms demonstrated diverse genes and molecular mechanisms of male sterility regulation. Two loci identified from NK58S, PMS1 and PMS3, both encode long noncoding RNAs. A major TGMS locus, TMS5, found in the TGMS line Annong S-1, encodes an RNase Z. A reverse PGMS mutant carbon starved anther encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor. Breeding efforts in the last three decades have resulted in hundreds of EGMS lines and two-line hybrids released to rice production, which have greatly elevated the yield potential and grain quality of rice varieties. The enhanced molecular understanding will offer new strategies for the development of EGMS lines thus further improving two-line hybrid breeding of rice as well as other crops.

Development of a new fragrant and good eating quality rice variety with stripe virus disease resistance by molecular marker-assisted gene pyramiding

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops providing near half of the global population. With the advance of living standards, people demand for novel rice varieties with better quality of eating and fragrance. Unfortunately, the practical application of pesticides to control rice stripe disease results a significant deterioration of rice quality and nutrition. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop disease resistant rice varieties with good eating quality and fragrance. Here, we present the strategy and practical development of a new rice variety, Shangshida No. 15, by molecular markerassisted gene pyramiding. ‘Shangshida No. 15’ displayed the aroma trait and the same good eating quality phenotypes as that of Jinfeng rice, a famous rice variety for its good eating quality and high yield in the Yangtze River region of China. Shangshida No. 15 exhibited significantly higher average plant height and 1000-grain weight, while its growth duration was approximately 2 weeks shorter than those of Jinfeng. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a breeding strategy for obtaining high quality rice through molecular marker-assisted gene pyramiding, and the resulting new variety could facilitate further attempts to develop more high eating quality rice varieties together with stripe disease-resistant traits without affecting yields.

多収・良食味水稲品種の不耕起V溝直播栽培における窒素施肥量が収量・品質へ及ぼす影響

多収・良食味水稲品種の不耕起V溝直播栽培における窒素施肥量が収量・品質へ及ぼす影響

Thực trạng ứng dụng tiến bộ kỹ thuật trong sản xuất lúa của nông hộ dân tộc Khmer tại Sóc Trăng

The study was aimed to determine the situation of applying advanced technologies in rice production of Khmer ethnic farmers in Soc Trang province as well as the factors influencing their application. Data for the study were from interviewing 193 Khmer ethnic farmers farming rice in Soc Trang province in the 2015 crop. Descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression were used. The results showed that the levels of applying advanced technological models in rice production were relatively low, just from 0% to 27.5% for almost models, except those of high quality rice varieties and verified rice seeds which were relatively high as of 53.9% and 60.6%, respectively. The factors positively affecting the application of advanced technological models were farmer’s education level, their participation in social organisations, their land area for rice cultivation, local authority’s consideration, the coverage of advanced technologies from extension staff and agricultural input suppliers.

Effects of Temperature and Sunshine Hours During Grain Filling Stage on the Quality-Related Traits of High Quality Rice Varieties in Korea

벼 등숙기간 및 등숙기 기간별 기온과 일조시간이 쌀 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 전국 8개도 24개 지역에서 고품질 벼 11품종을 이용하여 2013-2014년에 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 품종, 지역 및 연차별 시험성적을 모두 합하였을 때, 출수기, 출수 후 40일간 평균기온 및 일조시간의 범위는 각각 7월 23일~9월 4일, <TEX>$18.8{\sim}26.4^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 3.9~8.0시간/일이었다. 2. 성적을 모두 합하였을 때, 특성별 범위는 등숙비율 74.2~97.9%, 현미 천립중 19.6~26.1 g, 완전미 비율 61.4~98.5%, 완전미 수량 276~701 kg/10a, 쌀 단백질 4.8~8.3%, Toyo Mido Meter 값 66.1~91.5였다. 3. 완전미 비율, 완전미 수량, 쌀 단백질 및 Toyo Mido Meter 값은 출수 후 40일간의 등숙 최적온도인 <TEX>$22.6^{\circ}C$</TEX>보다 낮은 온도에서 높아졌으며, 쌀 외관품위와 밥맛을 고려한 출수 후 40일간의 최적 일조시간은 6.0~6.1시간/일로 평가되었다. 4. 쌀 단백질은 출수 후 40일간의 평균기온 및 일조시간과 유의한 관계를 보인 품종이 전체 11품종 중 각각 8개와 9개로, 다른 특성에 비해 많았다. 5. 쌀 단백질은 등숙 초기의 평균기온 및 등숙 초 중기의 일조시간에, 완전미 비율은 등숙 초기의 평균기온 및 일조시간에 상대적으로 더 큰 영향을 받았다. Relationship between grain quality-related traits and daily mean temperature/sunshine hours during grain filling stage was analyzed using eleven high quality rice varieties at 24 experimental sites through eight provinces of Korea in 2013~2014. In the data set pooled across varieties, experimental sites and years, grain quality-related traits such as percentage of head rice (PHR), head rice yield (HRY), protein in milled rice (PRO) and Toyo Mido Meter glossiness value (TGV) were higher at the temperature lower than <TEX>$22.6^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 40 days after flowering (DAF), which was optimum for percentage of grain filling in this study. Optimum sunshine hours for 40 DAF were <TEX>$6.0{\sim}6.1\;hr\;d^{-1}$</TEX>when considered PHR, HRY and TGV. PRO was associated with daily mean temperature and sunshine hours for 40 DAF in more varieties than the other traits. PRO was closely correlated with daily mean temperature during early filling stage and sunshine hours during early to mid filling stage, compared to other stages during grain filling. It is concluded that general trend in the variation of grain quality-related traits could be explained by the changes in daily mean temperature and sunshine hours during grain filling. In addition, climate conditions during early grain filling stage played important roles to enhance grain quality.

Delving deeper into technological innovations to understand differences in rice quality.

Increasing demand for better quality rice varieties, which are also more suited to growth under sub-optimal cultivation conditions, is driving innovation in rice research. Here we have used a multi-disciplinary approach, involving SNP-based genotyping together with phenotyping based on yield analysis, metabolomic analysis of grain volatiles, and sensory panel analysis to determine differences between two contrasting rice varieties, Apo and IR64. Plants were grown under standard and drought-induced conditions. Results revealed important differences between the volatile profiles of the two rice varieties and we relate these differences to those perceived by the sensory panel. Apo, which is the more drought tolerant variety, was less affected by the drought condition concerning both sensory profile and yield; IR64, which has higher quality but is drought sensitive, showed greater differences in these characteristics in response to the two growth conditions. Metabolomics analyses using GCxGC-MS, followed by multivariate statistical analyses of the data, revealed a number of discriminatory compounds between the varieties, but also effects of the difference in cultivation conditions. Results indicate the complexity of rice volatile profile, even of non-aromatic varieties, and how metabolomics can be used to help link changes in aroma profile with the sensory phenotype. Our outcomes also suggest valuable multi-disciplinary approaches which can be used to help define the aroma profile in rice, and its underlying genetic background, in order to support breeders in the generation of improved rice varieties combining high yield with high quality, and tolerance of both these traits to climate change.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-015-0043-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Pilot Scale Mill Characterization and Evaluation of Rice Bran Oil Concentration of Jazzman Rice

The demand for aromatic rice has increased in the United States during the last two decades. Jazzman, the first US-bred jasmine-type rice variety, was released by the Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter Rice Research Station in 2008 to compete for a market share of jasmine-type rice. Jazzman, a long grain aromatic rice variety, was developed from a cross between Ahrent and an unreleased aromatic Chinese rice line 96a-8. In pre-release field tests and laboratory scale evaluation, Jazzman rice yield and milling quality compared favorably with two high-yielding and good-milling non-aromatic long grain varieties, Cypress and Cheniere. Pilot scale evaluation of Jazzman for milling quality supported laboratory scale evaluation while providing additional data for milling optimization. Pilot scale milling uses larger rice samples than laboratory scale testing and employs a continuous process instead of the batch process used at laboratory scale. As a result, pilot scale milling offers more comprehensive information regarding the milling yield and quality of rice varieties as they are considered for industrial scale release. Another consideration for new rice varieties involves their potential for value-added processing, in which waste streams during processing can be used to create valuable products. The oil from rice bran is one such product. The objective of this study was to use pilot scale milling to determine the potential of Jazzman for industrial scale release, including its potential for value-added processing. Results showed that bran was easily removed during milling; the head rice recovery ranged from 66% to 74% as a function of milling flow rate. Water polishing had little effect on head rice recovery, but improved the final degree of milling (DOM) to a commercially acceptable level of 87 - 90. Additionally, rice bran oil concentration decreased as pilot scale flow rate increased, indicating that oil was concentrated in the outer bran layer of Jazzman. Pilot scale milling shows that Jazzman is a high-yielding and good-milling aromatic long grain rice variety.

Lethal dose fixation and sensitivity of rice varieties to gamma radiation

The present study investigated the effects of gamma rays on crop phenotypes on two quality rice varieties viz., White Ponni and BPT 5204. The germination percentage and pollen fertility was found to be greatly affected by mutagenic treatments of gamma radiation in both the varieties which ultimately exhibited linear reduction with increase in dose or concentration of mutagens. The doses or concentrations can be determined by establishing the LD50 value for the mutagen to be used. The expected LD50 values of gamma radiation for White Ponni and BPT 5204 were 354.80 Gy and 288.40 Gy, respectively. Several plant traits like days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height, panicle length, leaf length, leaf breadth, number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight and single plant yield was found to be greatly reduced due to mutagenic treatments. Based on the overall consideration of M1 effects, the variety White Ponni was found to be highly sensitive to mutagens than BPT 5204.

A Brown Planthopper Resistance with Eco-Friendly Cultivation Adaptation and High Grain Quality Rice Variety ‘Chindeul’

Woo-Jae Kim1*, So-Hyeon Baek1, Mun-Sik Shin1, Jong-Cheol Ko2, Bo-Kyeong Kim1, Jeong-Kwon Nam1, Hyun-Su Park1, Ki-Yong Ha1, Ki-Young Kim1, Man-Kee Baek1, Woon-Chul Shin1, Young-Jun Mo1, Jae-Kwon Ko1, Chae-Hun Baek1, and Yeong-Chan Cho1. Korean J. Breed. Sci. 2014;46:481-9. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.4.481

A Brown Planthopper Resistant and High Grain Quality Rice Variety ‘Anmi’ Developed by Molecular Breeding Method

‘Anmi’ is a new BPH (Brown planthopper) resistant japonica rice cultivar possessing the Bph18 gene derived from wild rice, Oryza australiensis and high yield potential with good grain quality. ‘Anmi’ was derived from a cross ‘Junam’ and ‘IR65482-7-216-1-2’ by a molecular marker assisted backcross breeding. The introgression line ‘IR65482-7-216-1-2’, the source of the Bph18 gene, was used as the donor parent for BPH resistance and ‘Junam’, a BPH-susceptible elite japonica cultivar with good grain quality, was used as the recurrent parent. ‘Anmi’ was developed by three times backcross the F1 plants with ‘Junam’. The heading date of ‘Anmi’ is August 15 in central plain area, which is 5 days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. It has 77 cm in culm length, 21 cm in panicle length. The number of spikelets per panicle is more than that of ‘Hwaseong’ and 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice is 22.1 g which is less than 22.7 g of ‘Hwaseong’. Milled rice kernel of ‘Anmi’ is clear in appearance, low in amylase content and excellent in palatability of cooked rice. ‘Anmi’ shows resistance to BPH, leaf blast disease, bacterial blight, rice stripe disease but susceptible to other virus disease and insect pest. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Anmi’ is about 5.76 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This cultivar is adaptable to central plain area of Korea.

Rajendra Sweta, a new high-yielding quality rice variety for Bihar’s irrigated ecosystem

After the introduction of highyielding rice varieties in the 1960s, breeding programs were started in India to develop high-yielding semidwarf lines. One decade later, research efforts focused on developing high-yielding quality rice. Both customers and farmers appreciate fi ne-grained quality rice as it fetches a high market price. Rajendra Sweta (RAU710-99-22) was developed from the cross Sita/Pusa Basmati-1//Katarni,varieties with superior grain quality and high yield potential. The State Variety Release Committee of Bihar approved the release of Rajendra Sweta for the irrigated ecosystem in 2004.

Grain Quality Improvement in Japonica Rice : achievements and prospects

Several high grain quality rice varieties have been developed during the 2000's. These varieties showed translucent, zero white-core, glossy and uniform milled-grain appearance, high palatability score of cooked rice and high percentage of whole grain after milling. The high eating quality variety group was lower in protein content, softer in gel consistency, and higher in breakdown and lower in consistency and setback viscosity measured by rapid visco-amylogram. In order to produce the low protein rice grain, the nitrogen fertilizer level has to be reduced to 90-110 kg per hectare with no nitrogen top dressing after heading. Rotational irrigation during rice growing season and delayed drainage after heading was found as effective in raising the whole grain yield and eating quality of cooked rice. Slow drying to 15-16% of grain moisture is recommended with air flow temperature below 50 o C. Three hundred and ninety four native rice core collections were tested for their grain appearance, eating quality determining factors, and nutritional compounds. Health- enhancing potential and second metabolite contents were also evaluated. The native collections selected for high grain quality resources were used as cross parents and two new rice varieties having dark red pericarp color were developed from the crosses using Korean native varieties. The new variety had higher phenolic compounds in brown rice and the brown rice extract of this variety induced apoptotic cell deaths in H4II cells to a larger extent than the control rice extracts. Key words: rice, grain quality, variety improvement, native variety, red pericarp

Marker assisted introgression of bacterial blight resistance in Samba Mahsuri, an elite indica rice variety

Samba Mahsuri (BPT5204) is a medium slender grain indica rice variety that is very popular with farmers and consumers across India because of its high yield and excellent cooking quality. However, the variety is susceptible to several diseases and pests, including bacterial blight (BB). We have used PCR based molecular markers in a backcross-breeding program to introgress three major BB resistance genes (Xa21, xa13 and xa5) into Samba Mahsuri from a donor line (SS1113) in which all the three genes are present in a homozygous condition. At each backcross generation, markers closely linked to the three genes were used to select plants possessing these resistance genes (foreground selection) and microsatellite markers polymorphic between donor and recurrent parent were used to select plants that have maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome (background selection). A selected BC4F1 plant was selfed to generate homozygous BC4F2 plants with different combinations of BB resistance genes. The three-gene pyramid and two-gene pyramid lines exhibited high levels of resistance against the BB pathogen. Under conditions of BB infection, the three-gene pyramid lines exhibited a significant yield advantage over Samba Mahsuri. Most importantly, these lines retain the excellent grain and cooking qualities of Samba Mahsuri without compromising the yield as determined in multi-location trials. This work demonstrates the successful application of marker-assisted selection for targeted introgression of multiple resistance genes into a premium quality rice variety.

Relationship between rice grain amylose and pasting properties for breeding better quality rice varieties

AbstractOne hundred and sixty‐seven rice varieties/laudraces from 23 different rice‐growing countries were used for studying the relationship between the amylose content (AC %) and paste viscosity parameters (RVU) through Pearson correlation. AC and paste viscosity parameters were measured using Auto Analyser and Rapid Visco Analysers respectively. Based on all five RVA pasting properties, i.e. peak viscosity (PV), minimum viscosity (MV), breakdown (BD), final viscosity (FV) and setback (SB), the simple paired t‐test (at P = 0.05) was carried out to identify varieties that showed non‐significant differences (similar) from the check variety, separately for each of the four AC groups, e.g. Waxy rice AC (0–8%, n = 21) –‘IR29’ (Philippines); Low AC (8.1–16%, n = 58) –‘Koshihikari’ (Japan); Intermediate AC (16.1–24%, n = 64) –‘Local Sadri’ (Iran); high AC (&gt;24.1%, n = 24) –‘Kasalath’ (India). Significant variation among the rice varieties for AC and pasting properties were observed. Means of the AC and the viscosity parameters including PV, MV, BD, FV and SB were 15.8, 416.1, 180.3, 235.8, 380.9 and 200.6 RVU respectively. Significant correlations existed between AC and paste viscosity parameters at AC group level. The paste viscosity parameters, i.e. PV, BD and SB are important within an AC group as far as cooking quality is concerned. In the low AC group, ‘Koshihikari’ (check) was most preferred by Japanese consumers, which was used for identifying 16 varieties that showed non‐significant differences for pasting properties with it. Some of the important Japanese varieties were ‘Todorokiwase’, ‘Owarihatamochi’, ‘Sasanishiki’, ‘Reimei’ and ‘Kinuhikari’. These varieties had good cooking quality with low AC, high PV and BD with low SB. In contrast, the Iranian cultivar ‘Local Sadri’ with good cooking quality had intermediate levels of AC and SB while recording high PV and BD. The varietal diversity for pasting properties available within each AC group may allow the breeder to make effective selections for improving the cooking quality according to consumer choice.

Patterns of Soil Nitrogen Release in Paddy Fields of Warm Regions in Japan and Diagnosis of Fertilizer Application. I. Influence of soil nitrogen release from paddy soils on growth and yield of rice plants of warm regions.

地域や肥沃度が異なる水田で, 地力窒素の発現が暖地水稲の生育や収量に及ぼす影響と水田土壌の地力窒素レベルに応じた適正な施肥量について検討した. まず, 速度論的方法を適用し, 水稲生育期間中の地力窒素発現量の推定を行った結果, 地域間で著しく異なり, また同じ地域内でも地力増強程度の違いにより10a当たり5kg前後も異なった. 窒素無施用区の水稲窒素吸収量を水稲による地力窒素吸収量の指標として, 地力窒素発現量の推定値と比較すると, 発現量に対する吸収量の割合はほぼ7～8割であった. 基準量を施肥した条件下で, 地力窒素吸収量と水稲ニシホマレの収量との関係についてみると, ニシホマレの収量は地力窒素の吸収量が10a当たり8kgまでは, 地力窒素量に応じて高くなる傾向にある. しかし, さらに多くなリ9kg近くになると収量は頭打ちとなり, 稲体中の窒素量は増えるが, 玄米生産に結びつかず, 過剰分に相当する窒素の吸収はむだであることから, 施肥量を減肥してよいと判断された. 良食味品種ヒノヒカりは地力窒素の影響を受けやすく, 施肥区の収量は地力窒素吸収量が10a当たリ8kg近くで頭打ちとなるのがみられた. また, 地力窒素吸収量と基肥量との関係についてみると, 地力窒素吸収量が少ない水田では基肥量として10a当たリ6kg程度が必要であるが, 地力窒素量が7～8kgの圃場では4.5kg程度が適量であり, 8kg以上ではさらに減肥が必要であった.

Xiangwanxian 2, An Excellent Grain Quality Rice Variety Derived From an IR Line

Xiangwanxian 2, An Excellent Grain Quality Rice Variety Derived From an IR Line

Effects of Several Factors Influence on Observal Grain Quality of Rice Varieties. - Adaptation of Multiple Regression Analysis -

Effects of Several Factors Influence on Observal Grain Quality of Rice Varieties. - Adaptation of Multiple Regression Analysis -