Quality Of Programs Research Articles

ROLE OF PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF INFECTION PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant risk in hospital settings. Performance improvement measures can enhance the quality of infection prevention programs, leading to better outcomes for patients. Objective: To assess the impact of performance improvement measures on enhancing the quality of infection prevention programs in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with healthcare workers (HCWs), including doctors, nurses, infection prevention officers, and support staff, at a tertiary care hospital. The intervention included comprehensive performance improvement measures: rigorous training, educational initiatives, regular audits with feedback, adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs), checklists, monitoring tools, and hand hygiene promotion. Quantitative data on infection rates, infection control compliance, hand hygiene adherence, and antibiotic usage were collected at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews and focus groups to explore barriers and facilitators to infection prevention. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in HAIs per 1,000 patient days compared to the control group (3.06 ± 1.09 vs. 8.23 ± 5.18; p = 0.00). Compliance with infection control practices (71.0% vs. 61.0%; p = 0.13) and hand hygiene adherence (64.0% vs. 48.0%; p = 0.02) were also higher in the intervention group. However, no statistically significant difference in antibiotic usage was observed between the two groups (59.0% vs. 49.0%; p = 0.1). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that performance improvement measures significantly reduce HAIs and improve compliance with infection control protocols. These targeted strategies are essential for enhancing infection prevention in healthcare settings and improving overall patient safety.

The Quality Improvement Review Board: An Innovative Approach to Oversight of Projects That Do Not Meet Criteria of Human Subject Research.

This article describes the development of an institutional quality improvement review board (QIRB) as an effective and efficient method for reviewing and overseeing institutional quality improvement (QI) initiatives. QI projects involve the systematic collection and analysis of data and the implementation of interventions designed to improve the quality of clinical care and/or educational programs for a distinct population in a specific setting. QI projects are fundamentally distinct from human subjects research (HuSR); however, the differences between them are subtle and highly nuanced. Determining whether a project meets the definition of QI or qualifies as HuSR, thus requiring institutional review board (IRB) review, can be confusing and frustrating. Nevertheless, this distinction is highly consequential due to the heavy regulatory requirements involved in HuSR and IRB oversight. Making the correct determination of a project's regulatory status is essential before the project begins. Project leaders may not realize that their work meets the definition of HuSR and, therefore, might conduct the project without appropriate IRB review. Therefore, best practices dictate that project leaders should not decide which type of institutional review is appropriate for their projects. In addition, when QI project teams attempt to disseminate the results of their work, documentation of formal review and approval is generally required by peer-reviewed journals and professional organizations. However, institutional review mechanisms are rarely available. Projects that do not meet the definition of HuSR fall outside the purview of IRBs and most institutions do not have an alternative review body. This creates frustration for both project leaders and IRB administrators. Apart from IRB review, a separate process for reviewing QI projects offers several benefits. These include (1) relieving the burden on busy IRB staff; (2) promoting scholarly activity; (3) protecting the institution, project leaders, and participants from HuSR conducted outside of appropriate IRB review; and (4) promoting rigorous QI methods.

예비문해교사의 중학과정 문해교육 교원연수 참여 경험에 관한 질적연구

The purpose of this research is to understand the status of adult literacy teacher training through the experience of participating in adult literacy education teacher training for academic accreditation, and to find ways to successfully operate literacy teacher training. To this end, this qualitative study was conducted on the experiences and perceptions of four pre-service teacher participants who took part in the literacy education teacher training program at the institute for Lifelong Education. The collected qualitative research data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that pre-service literacy teachers participate in the literacy training program with various motives, and are “curious” about the actual field stories of literacy education and the experiences of literacy teachers. Second, it was found that pre-service literacy teachers recognized the literacy education training program as “non-systemetic” and wanted to have an opportunity to do microteaching. Third, after completing the literacy teacher training program, the pre-service teachers recognized the treatment of literacy education teachers and field of literacy education as “ambiguous” and suggested literacy training contents to be added to the literacy teacher training program. Based on these research results, improvements were discussed to improve the quality of literacy education teacher training program.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES OF MICROQUALIFICATIONS AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUITY OF EDUCATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A MODERN UNIVERSITY TEACHER

The article analyses the introduction of educational programmes of microqualifications as an effective tool for implementing the principle of continuing education in the professional activities of university teachers. Special attention is paid to how microqualifications contribute to the development of competences and adaptation of teachers to the changing requirements of the educational environment. Examples of their use in the practice of higher education institutions are presented, and the impact on improving the quality of teaching and competitiveness of staff is assessed. The relevance of the study is conditioned by rapid changes and new challenges faced by the system of higher education in Kazakhstan. In the conditions of reforming the educational system of the country and the growth of international competition, the integration of microqualification programmes as a strategic approach to the continuous professional development of teachers is of particular importance. The aim of the study is to identify the key challenges and prospects for the development of microqualifications based on the analysis of global and regional educational trends. The paper uses the methods of strategic analysis, as well as comparative-historical approach, which allowed to identify opportunities and threats affecting the development of this system in Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the strengths and weaknesses of educational programmes, as well as their compliance with modern standards. As a result of the study, recommendations for successful integration of microqualifications into the strategies of HEIs are proposed. Special attention is paid to the creation of strategic partnerships, continuous monitoring of changes in the educational environment and ensuring the high quality of programmes in accordance with international standards. Prospects for the development of microqualifications in Kazakhstan include the development of supra-subject competences and a balance between digital and traditional teaching methods to meet the needs of the target audience and ensure professional development of teachers.

Implications of Positive Effects of Early Childhood Education for Education Policy

Emerging research on the benefits of early childhood education has sparked interest in making preschool education universal to improve children's readiness for school and their subsequent achievement of social, economic, and professional success. The implementation of early childhood education (ECE) programs, which aim to prepare 4-year-old children for school, has resulted in an increase in public funding. This increase can be attributed to the positive effects of the ECE program on children, as demonstrated by the academic skills of the children measured, which fall within the national average. These abilities include the ability to read and write, speak and understand mathematics, and recognize patterns in numbers. "Investing as early as possible, from birth through age five, in disadvantaged families yields the highest rate of return in early childhood development." Thus, the community and local government are required to actively involved in managing preschool structures, enhance the supervision and management of early childhood education. Common challenges encountered recorded nearly half of all teachers acknowledged to having significant levels of stress and burnout over the previous several years, mental health issues, low compensation, etc. Furthermore, NIEER research findings reveals only five states Hawaii, Michigan, Rhode Island, Alabama, and Mississippi meet all ten national program quality standards, which include putting child development guidelines into practice and offering professional development to teachers. Thus, this paper recommends that when formulating schools' improvement strategies, the Department of Education should take into account the enrollment rate in early learning and kindergarten institutions. All early childhood professional development programs aim to improve children's learning in the behavioral, social-emotional, communicative, and cognitive domains over the long run through indirect means.

Evaluating the Quality of Training Programs for Pre-Service Music Teachers in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

This research utilized an explanatory sequential design within a mixed-methods framework to assess the effectiveness of three pre-service music teacher programs aimed at Grades 1-12 in China. First, a group of four evaluators was asked to holistically assess the overall quality of these programs on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. Second, the evaluators were invited answer four open-ended questions about the areas for improvement in terms of program goals and objectives, program curricula, instructional methods, and learning assessments, respectively. The generalizability (G-) theory framework was employed to analyze the quantitative data, particularly to examine the variability in ratings and the reliability of the program evaluations. The qualitative data underwent coding, categorization, and organization according to recurring themes. The results indicated that the rating of the quality of these programs by the four program evaluators was extremely consistent and unbelievably reliable. Furthermore, major areas for improvement are identified in program objectives and curricula as well as instructional methods and learning assessments. Implications for pre-service music teacher training program developers in Chinese colleges and universities are discussed.

Analysis of the structure of Basic Health Units in Brazil to conduct telehealth actions: a comparison of two cross-sectional studies

BackgroundTelehealth uses Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in distance health-related activities between professionals, managers, and patients of health services. This cross-sectional study compared the ICT infrastructure available in Brazilian Basic Health Units (BHU) for telehealth actions, along with evaluation cycles of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB).MethodsData from the second and third cycles of the PMAQ-AB were used. A total of 22,021 BHUs were evaluated concerning the availability of computers, cameras, stereo boxes, microphones, printers, television, and internet available. The presence of each ICT equipment assigned a score to each BHU. The sum of these scores assigned a final score to the BHU and was used for comparison among different Brazilian regions. The data were analyzed descriptively and by Wilcoxon test (p ≤ 0.05) using SPSS v. 25.ResultsThe increase in the median number of ICT equipment was statistically significant in the BHU in Brazil and the Brazilian regions (p < 0.001). The South, Southeast, and Midwest regions had the highest median scores in both cycles.ConclusionsThe availability of ICT equipment for telehealth actions in BHU improved over the PMAQ-AB cycles, with differences in the ICT structure between Brazilian regions.

PRESCHOOL TEACHERS PREPARATION FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN CALIFORNIA

Following the realization of the importance of early development and the low quality of early childhood education programs in the United States the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) were established to develop professional standards for special educators. It was found that the most important factor in providing education for children with special needs is well-trained teaching staff. Principles for ensuring the existence of high-quality programs for kindergartens began to be developed. A new concept of “Developmentally Appropriate Practice” was formed by The National Association for Nursery Education (NANE and seven standards for the professional training of early childhood teachers were proposed. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by the Congress in 1975. IDEA regulates how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and other services. The state has established grants to improve the quality of school education by attracting and retaining effective teachers. It was found that 7 million, or 14% of all public school received special education services. The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing is revising the Special Education Standards for Children with Disabilities. The commission developed draft teaching, administration, and preparation program guidelines in collaboration with a technical advisory group of early childhood education professionals. It was clarified that there are additional internship programs in California, Completion of the internship program leads to a Certificate of Eligibility to Teach, which is identical to completion of a traditional teacher preparation program. It was concluded that the policy of the Department of Education, the educational laws of the United States are aimed at encouraging participation in formal and informal professional learning, but it should be a continuous process, because adults providing care and education are responsible for the progress of children throughout their lives.

The Influence of Complementary Feeding on Appetite and Growth Development in Children Aged 7-12 Months

Complementary feeding (MP-ASI) is crucial for meeting the nutritional needs of infants aged 7-12 months, influencing their appetite and growth. Objective: This study evaluates the effects of MP-ASI on the appetite and growth of infants aged 7-12 months in 2024. A pre-post test design with 194 respondents assessed the impact of different types of MP-ASI on appetite and growth. All respondents received the same type of MP-ASI. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with SPSS. There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of MP-ASI given and weight gain. However, varieties such as spinach and eggs, and chayote and eggs, showed higher compliance with recommended nutritional standards (KPSP), indicating that MP-ASI type significantly influences adherence to these standards. Diverse MP-ASI positively affects the appetite and growth of infants aged 7-12 months. The study underscores the importance of MP-ASI variety and quality in child nutrition programs. Increasing parental education on the importance of MP-ASI variety is recommended to support optimal developmental potential in children.

Relevance and quality of the Gipuzkoan extracurricular youth sports program: an evaluation from a positive youth development perspective.

Physical activity and sport (PAS) programmes are an important part of organized extracurricular activities for children and young people. They appear as potentially inclusive environments where students could be provided with holistic development based on active and healthy lifestyles. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the Gipuzkoa School Sport Programme (GSSP) from the positive youth development (PYD). The research was carried out based on CPAR (Critical Participatory Action-Research) methodology: a "CPAR group" was created -including researchers and policymakers- to carry out the evaluation of the GSSP in which we analyzed (a) the social environment or PYD climate and (b) life skills. The evaluation and description of the GSSP confirmed that it meets most requirements for providing positive development contexts and opportunities for PYD. The choice of prioritizing multisport and deliberate play and putting early specialization aside seem key conditions to ensure PYD-promoting environments. This work could serve as a referent for decision-makers in organizations dedicated to designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating PYD-focused extracurricular youth sport programmes.

A Comment on the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation

The article discusses the text of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of Russia approved in early 2024. The author notes that it was prepared in accordance with the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” of June 28, 2014, No. 172-FZ. The Strategy replaces a number of documents that have been adopted earlier. The expert community have different opinions on the preparation quality of concepts, strategies, programs and other strategic documents being approved. The reason lies in the absence of a clear system and hierarchy of strategic planning documents. In the Strategy under discussion, there is a vagueness of the used conceptual framework and some shortcomings in the analytical part of the document. In addition, the authors of the Strategy connect the issues of the development of the science and technology sector in the Russian Federation mainly with external challenges and threats and pay less attention to internal problems caused primarily by the inefficiency of the R&amp;amp;D management system, insufficient financing and a low proportion of private funding. It is shown that no significant changes are expected in the management system of scientific and technological development in Russia in the next decade. We can welcome the establishment of the Science and Technology Council of the Commission for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation under the Russian Government and its machinery and the introduction of the model of “qualified customer”, as well as the use of new tools: long-term fundamental academic research programs and programs of scientific and technological development of Russia. But the discussed Strategy does not pay enough attention to the issues of education and training of research and engineering personnel.

Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: 2024 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

The science of cardiac rehabilitation and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease has progressed substantially since the most recent American Heart Association and American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation update on the core components of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs was published in 2007. In addition, the advent of new care models, including virtual and remote delivery of cardiac rehabilitation services, has expanded the ways that cardiac rehabilitation programs can reach patients. In this scientific statement, we update the scientific basis of the core components of patient assessment, nutritional counseling, weight management and body composition, cardiovascular disease and risk factor management, psychosocial management, aerobic exercise training, strength training, and physical activity counseling. In addition, in recognition that high-quality cardiac rehabilitation programs regularly monitor their processes and outcomes and engage in an ongoing process of quality improvement, we introduce a new core component of program quality. High-quality program performance will be essential to improve widely documented low enrollment and adherence rates and reduce health disparities in cardiac rehabilitation access.

Influence of Digital Health Technologies among Healthcare Providers on Long-term Care Services Implementation for Elderly with Disabilities

Purpose: The traditional paradigm of home care in China is not up to the challenges posed by the country's increasing population's advancing age and lack of available resources. Digital monitoring technology solutions are thought to be advantageous for managing caregivers' workloads while also improving resident safety and care quality in assisted living facilities. To effectively provide the best possible services, teamwork is crucial in New Hampshire. Due to several issues such staffing shortages, rising resident expectations, and increased demands, NH are consequently embracing the use of Knowledge Management (KM) activities more and more to facilitate knowledge development, storage, transfer, and application. Method: In China, the lack of an established system for caring for the elderly is having a significant impact on society as a whole, making it imperative to establish one. The researcher examined the real impacts of their quality management system and KM efforts on service quality, as well as the KM adjustments made by two China state NH that adopted the E-Qalin management of quality model, in the qualitative research. Additionally, the researchers looked at the approaches used by two China private NH that address service quality from a knowledge management standpoint but have not implemented a certified management of quality program. There were eighty nursing professionals in the sample. Teamwork is crucial in every NH included in this study, and each participant in the researcher’s poll is a member of a team. In this work, the researchers used linear regression to analyse connections between individual variables. Results: Between the development, transmission, and application of knowledge in the state of New Hampshire regardless of the E-Qalin certificate, the researchers discovered a strong and favourable correlation. The researchers found a statistically significant and favourable association between knowledge storage and service quality, but only in New Hampshire with an E-Qalin certificate. Thus, the researcher’s study's findings highlight the necessity of learning more about quality control and knowledge management in the context of New Hampshire. Conclusion: The government, tech companies, and nursing homes need to further restructure the current system before more elderly people adopt sophisticated technology in home care settings. The study's findings, which centre on the transmission of tacit knowledge, substantially advance the field of knowledge management research in New Hampshire.

The Funding Puzzle in Adult Education for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Slovenia

This study investigates the landscape of public funding for adult education for sustainable development (AESD) in Slovenia, focusing on the distribution, types of funding, and their impact on accessibility and quality. This study employs a mixed methods approach to understand the distribution, types of funding, and their impacts on the accessibility and quality of adult education. Data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by 59 organizations providing non-formal AESD, alongside semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 representatives. Key findings reveal a significant disparity between operational funding and that designated for AESD implementation, with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) emerging as the primary recipients of public funds. Notably, project-based funding predominates, raising concerns about the sustainability of AESD programs due to its typically time-limited nature. Public funding is essential for ensuring program accessibility and quality, as it enables organizations to hire experts and enhance curricula. However, the reliance on project-based grants creates instability, complicating long-term planning and program effectiveness. The study underscores the need for systematic and continuous funding strategies to support AESD, highlighting the importance of a cross-sectoral approach to policymaking. Overall, the research elucidates the intricate relationship between funding distribution, program effectiveness, and the advancement of sustainable development education.

CURRENT STATE OF TRAINING PROGRAM EVALUATION ACCORDING TO VIETNAMESE STANDARDS - SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE TRAINING PROGRAM QUALITY

The evaluation of training programs is usually conducted in at least two stages: self-assessment and external assessment, based on domestic and international standards. The evaluation results according to these standards, especially Vietnam's set of standards, serve as a foundation for developing improvement solutions to enhance the quality of training programs. The research team selected a method based on the statistical analysis of external evaluation results of training programs according to the standards issued in Circular 04/2016/TT-BGDĐT by the Ministry of Education and Training. From there, they forecast and manage existing issues as a basis for proposing 17 groups of quality assurance solutions for training programs, meeting the minimum requirements of stakeholders. Keywords: Quality; training program; external assessment; education quality assessment.

Mobility and persistence of pesticides and emerging contaminants in age-dated and redox-classified groundwater under a range of land use types

Understanding groundwater contamination patterns is hampered by the heterogeneous groundwater age and redox status over the depth range typically sampled for identifying pesticides and emerging contaminants threats. This study explores depth patterns of groundwater age and redox status across various land use types, unraveling spatial and temporal trends of pesticides and emerging contaminants using data from groundwater quality monitoring in the south of the Netherlands. The Netherlands is an ideal testing ground due to its high population density and widespread groundwater contamination from multiple sources. 146 multi-level observation wells were age-dated using 3H/3He, and contaminant concentrations were analyzed based on recharge year, land use type, and redox conditions, mitigating uncertainties from spatial and depth-dependent variations in both groundwater age and redox status. Redox-recharge year diagrams were developed to visually evaluate contaminant patterns in relation to these factors and to assess concentration patterns in relation to contamination history. Most detections of pesticides, metabolites, and emerging contaminants occurred in the youngest recharge periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2020) and in agricultural areas. However, certain contaminants, including BAM, desphenyl-chloridazon, short-chain PFCAs, PFOA, and EDTA, were consistently found in older water and Fe- or SO4-reduced conditions, indicating their mobility and persistence in the regional groundwater system. Comparing the presence of contaminants in specific redox classes and recharge periods with known application or leaching history provides insights into retardation (e.g., PFOS) and degradation (e.g., 2-hydroxy-atrazine, benzotriazole), explaining lower detection frequencies in earlier recharge periods. Identifying recharge years from age-dated groundwater helps relate contaminants to farmland application or river water recharge periods, revealing leaching history and contamination origins. The presented framework has the potential to enhance the interpretation of large groundwater datasets from dedicated, short-screened observation wells, such as those from the Danish GRUMO network, the Dutch monitoring networks, and parts of the US National Water Quality Program.

Measurement of the social investment impact of the bahtera segara program using the social return on investment method (SROI)

PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Semarang conducted this study to analyze the impact of the BAHTERA SEGARA (Bahagia Sejahtera Nelayan Pesisir Semarang Utara) Program, aiming to enhance the program's quality in the future. This research employs the SROI method to measure the impact of all activities carried out by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Semarang within the framework of the BAHTERA SEGARA (Bahagia Sejahtera Nelayan Pesisir Pesisir Semarang Utara) Program. Based on the study results of the BAHTERA SEGARA Program (Bahagia Sejahtera Nelayan Pesisir Semarang Utara), this program has proven to be effective and has a significant positive impact. The program has succeeded in improving the economic, social, and environmental welfare of the target community groups and communities that replicate it independently. Increasing SROI scores from 2020 to 2023 indicate that the program is increasingly effective in delivering benefits, particularly through the replication of food crop cultivation and increased fish processing productivity. The program also contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change adaptation efforts. The program's successful replication demonstrates the effectiveness of BAHTERA SEGARA as a collective learning tool, as well as its potential for replication in other areas with similar conditions.

Assessment of resident physicians satisfaction on residency training in Southwest China:A cross-sectional study

IntroductionChinese Resident Physician Standardized Training has been established to enhance medical training standards and physician capabilities since 2014. Studies indicate high rates of depression and low satisfaction among resident physicians, underscoring the need for surveys to inform policy and enhance their well-being. This study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of resident trainees in southwest China. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2024 to March 2024 in 5 hospitals from 3 cities in southwest China, using convenience sampling to collect data from residents through a self-administered online questionnaire. The data including demographics, training perspectives, and suggestions was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 with Ordinal Logistic regression to identify factors influencing satisfaction. ResultsThe survey yielded 484 valid responses from 547 collected questionnaires, with an effective rate of 88.48 %. Participants were predominantly first-year residents, female, aged 26–30, and specialized in internal medicine, surgery, general medicine, and medical technology. The majority (78.93 %) expressed overall satisfaction with their residency training, but income satisfaction was lower at 64.05 %. Gender and neutral responses to certain aspects of training as predictors of dissatisfaction, including the training organized by the teaching management department, the training environment, the importance attached to residency training and the program's usefulness for future clinical work. Open-ended feedback from trainees highlighted the need for increased income, improved clinical training, and reduced workload. ConclusionsOur study found 78.93 % of residents satisfied with their training programs. Female residents and those with neutral views or income dissatisfaction were less satisfied. Increasing income, improving clinical training, and reducing workload could further boost satisfaction and program quality.

Assessing the Quality and Effectiveness of School-Based Sports Coaching Programs in China

This research assessed the effectiveness of sports coaching programs implemented in schools in China. It examines explicitly crucial elements such as coaching credentials, program structure, sports infrastructure, safety protocols, monitoring and evaluation approaches, and technology integration. The study used a stratified sampling technique to choose a representative sample of athletes from various universities. Data was gathered by administering questionnaires and conducting interviews to evaluate the athletes' perspectives on the coaching programs. The findings suggest that athletes typically have a good perception of coaching programs, especially about their effective promotion of cooperation, safety, and use of technology. However, some aspects need improvement, including grasping sports skills, allocation of facility money, and availability of contemporary resources. Furthermore, the research revealed no statistically significant disparities in athletes' evaluations or program outcomes when they were categorized according to their gender, sport, or length of participation. Furthermore, the coaching programs show a modest favorable impact on athletes' physical fitness, sports performance, and general well-being, with specific attention on the development of endurance, resilience, and problem-solving skills. The study furthermore cites many significant obstacles coaches encounter, including resource constraints, cultural and academic demands, inadequate professional growth opportunities, and hurdles to effective communication.

Revolutionizing Online Higher Education: A Theoretical Approach

Understanding the theoretical foundations of online learning becomes increasingly important as education shifts online. This article examines the theoretical frameworks of constructivism and connectivism. The integration of these theories in the design and execution of online learning environments is examined, with a focus on student engagement, technological access, and knowledge networks. The importance of online learning in serving the different requirements of learners around the world is underlined, especially in terms of adaptation and accessibility. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the spread of online education, highlighting the significance of digital infrastructure and training. Accredited online programs, founded on solid theoretical foundations, provide high-quality education comparable to traditional degrees The advantages of online learning are underlined, including self-directed learning, digital literacy, and inclusion. The study takes a qualitative approach, combining literature analysis, interviews with educators, and personal observations to present a full examination of the quality and recognition of online degree programs. Educators may build effective online learning experiences that address the changing needs of modern learners by understanding and utilizing these theoretical frameworks.