Values Of Quality Parameters Research Articles

A simple and rapid evaluation of boar sperm quality using the resazurin colorimetric assay.

Ensuring boar sperm quality before insemination is crucial for maximizing field fertility and efficient pig production. The computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and fluorescence probes combined with flow cytometry (FC) are commonly used techniques for evaluating sperm kinematics and functions, closely related to animal fertility. However, their high cost and complex operations make it challenging to apply them in laboratories or pig breeding farms with limited resources. Here, our aim was to develop a new protocol using a resazurin redox dye to assess boar sperm quality for practical application. We first created simulated semen samples with different levels of sperm quality (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) at concentrations of 300 and 150 × 106 cells/mL. Subsequently, the simulated semen was used to establish an optimal standard protocol based on the results of the resazurin colorimetric assay. Finally, the condition that showed the strongest correlation between resazurin redox rate and sperm parameters was selected to perform a linear regression test. Two optimal working conditions were identified, involved incubating 10 µL of resazurin reagent with 100 µL of semen for either 20 or 40 min, depending on the sperm concentration of either 300 or 150 × 106 cells/mL. We subsequently conducted a linear regression analysis using data that included the resazurin reaction rate and measurements of sperm parameters. Finally, we obtained two sets of five equations, allowing directly convert the absorbance of the resazurin assay into values for sperm quality parameters. These parameters include total motility, progressive motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity. This new protocol is valuable for sperm evaluation because it is cost-effective, time-efficient, and labor-saving.

Seasonal Analysis of Reyhanlı Dam Lake Zooplankton Fauna

This study was conducted seasonally in 2022 and 2023 in Reyhanlı Dam Lake (Hatay, Türkiye), which was established in 2020. Zooplankton fauna and main water quality characteristics were investigated. The average values of the water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and pH) measured in the dam lake were determined to be of first class water quality. A total of 67 species were identified, of which fifty-four (54) species were Rotifera (80.60 %), 7 species were Copepoda (10.45 %) and 6 species were Cladocera (8.95 %). Brachionidae was the most abundant with 14 species, Chydoridae represented by two species and Cyclopidae were represented by 3 species. According to the frequency index, 3 species (F ≥ 76%) were classified as constant and 11 species (75% > F ≥ 51%) were classified as common. Of the 67 species recorded, only 29 species were very abundant (●) and abundant (○) in the different seasons. The highest species richness was recorded in the summer, with 54 species.

Toward enhanced quality assurance guidelines for deep hyperthermia devices: a multi-institution study

Introduction Hyperthermia efficacy depends on the temperatures achieved in the target area. Therefore, hyperthermia systems must deliver both controlled and conformal heating. This study presents a comprehensive multi-institutional quality assurance (QA) evaluation of deep hyperthermia devices. Methods Six European institutions equipped with BSD- Sigma 60 and Sigma Eye deep hyperthermia applicators participated in the study. Up to six measurements per applicator were performed in each institution. The thermal distribution in cylindrical homogeneous phantoms after 10 minutes of heating with a total power delivered of 1000 watts was assessed using the applicator’s integrated mapping thermometry system. Evaluated quality parameters included temperature increase, focus location, and focus symmetry. Results A total of 54 measurements were conducted, with 43 included in the analysis. All applicators, except one, achieved a temperature increase of 6 °C in 10 minutes. Central heating capabilities were demonstrated, with mean deviations from the intended location of −1.4 ± 1.6 cm for Sigma 60 and 1.5 ± 1.4 cm for Sigma Eye. Symmetry evaluations showed differences in radial temperature profiles of 6.2 ± 4.5 % for the Sigma 60 and 5.9 ± 4.4 % for the Sigma Eye. We propose minimum acceptable values for each quality parameter based on these results. Conclusion The measurements were reproducible with acceptable values for the various quality parameters. Potential deviations might be attributed to inaccuracies in the mapping thermometry system rather than the heating system. The presented protocol and practical recommendations should be applied for future QA measurements in deep hyperthermia.

Evaluation of internal quality and shelf life of chicken eggs coated with shellac nanoemulsion

Abstract It was investigated whether shellac nanoemulsion coating might preserve the internal quality of chicken eggs and increase their shelf life. Using a high energy approach with an ultraturrax set at 16,000 rpm, shellac, purified water, tween 80, and biosilica were emulsified. A total of 120 chicken eggs were divided into 4 groups: 1) uncoated (control), 2) coated with 0.5% w/w of biosilica, 3) coated with 1.0 % w/w of biosilica, 4) coated with 1.5% w/w of biosilica in shellac nanoemulsion. The eggs were stored at room temperature for 6 weeks and their quality parameters were observed weekly. The results showed that coating eggs with shellac nanoemulsion and biosilica at concentrations of 0-1.5% w/w significantly affected their internal quality (p<0.05) compared to uncoated eggs. The shellac nanoemulsion formulation with 1% w/w of biosilica concentration showed the best internal quality parameter values up to week 6 of storage as follows: yolk index 0.18; egg white index 0.03; pH 9.10; HU value 42; weight loss 2.89%. The addition of biosilica to a shellac-based nanoemulsion shows promise as an eco-friendly coating material that can prolong the shelf life and maintain the internal quality of chicken eggs.

Geochemical suitability of Limestone for Cement making: A case study of Joldhal Formation

In this work, we investigate the industrial potentiality of limestone deposits in the Joldhal Formation of the Shimoga Schist Belt, Dharwar Craton. Based on their mineralogy, petrography, and geochemical characteristics. Twenty-five different limestone samples were collected from distinct locations and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction techniques. Petrographically, these limestone deposits consist predominantly of calcite, quartz, chlorite, mica, micrites, etc. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated the dominance of calcite as an essential carbonate mineral, and quartz, kaolinite, chlorite, and mica/illite are major gangue minerals in the studied limestone. The results of the geochemical investigation of 25 samples indicated that the limestone from the study area exhibits a wide range of variation in LOI (27.99–42.82 wt%), SiO2 (0.21–19.60 wt%), CaO (27.80–55.50 wt%), Al2O3 (0.11–8.48 wt%), Fe2O3 (0.23–9.28 wt%), and MgO (0.51–9.79). Traces of K2O, Na2O, and TiO2 are found. This study illustrates how crucial it is to evaluate limestone's geochemical characteristics prior to cement making. Various factor analyses were calculated, like lime saturation factor, silica modulus, and alumina ratio, for suitable high-quality cement production. Bandigudda, Hanne, and Joldhal area valuable for cement manufacturing, unlike Medugondanahalli and Vitalapura, due to their impure quality and below-average parameter values. The results indicate suitability for cement production. The deposit's SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 content meet the ultimate moduli values of the raw material, indicating its suitability for cement production. This study emphasizes the significance of the geochemical evaluation of limestone for cement production

Elite Maize Lines Having Variability in Quality Parameters—A Valuable Starting Material for Grain Quality-Oriented Breeding Programs

Numerous factors, including genetic background, environmental conditions, agricultural practices, and postharvest management, affect maize grain quality. Six maize hybrids with common parental components were evaluated in micro- and production trials during five years, aiming at evaluating grain yield and grain quality traits and ascertaining the pattern of evaluated trait relationships based upon sources of variation (hybrid, year, and parental components). The parental effects were significant for the majority of analyzed quality traits, while the year effect was significant for all examined parameters. The PCAs indicated a considerable impact of the hybrids’ genetic makeup on physical parameters and kernel structure. The findings suggested the possibility of breeding simultaneously for higher protein and starch contents accompanied by a yield increase and higher protein and oil contents followed by a yield reduction. Multiple adverse interactions, which are inherently driven by the kernel structure, hamper the simultaneous breeding for higher oil and starch content. Significant quality parameter variation in the micro-trial was insufficient to provide improvement in grain quality obtained in the production trial. Although the existing variability of elite germplasm in quality parameters can be exploited, the introgression of new germplasm with high values of quality parameters per se is necessary for breeding focused on diverse applications.

SMOG CRISIS IN LAHORE: EVALUATING AIR QUALITY TRENDS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Seasonal smog renders Lahore, Pakistan, an environment legally with low-quality air and poor health for frequent cases. The smog includes such air pollutants as particulate matter, including PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), which worsens respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Air pollution trends in pre-smog season and during smog season and the related public health consequences of this phenomenon are examined in this research. The study compared the values of air quality parameters, as well as health data on the whole population in Lahore, in the period before smog and the period of maximum smog intensity. The participants consisted of 500 persons, and data about the air quality indicators, including PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, and SO2, was obtained. Imagery indices, self-reported symptoms, hospitalization, and cardiovascular events were examined. Hypothesis testing analyzing the perception of air quality and confirmed behavioral change were concerned with a survey regarding the usage of masks, awareness of air quality alerts, and frequency of outdoor trips. The data were analyzed and compared using t-tests with a test of significance set at 0.05 for all the tests done in this research. The results of the present study reveal that air quality parameters such as PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, and SO2 had enhanced values during the smog-burst period as compared to the pre-smog condition. The PM2.5 concentrations were raised from 60.52 µg/m³ to 180.34 µg/m³, and those of PM10 from 85.24 µg/m³ to 230.14 µg/m³. Other effects included improvements and worsening health indicators for persons suffering various ailments during peak smog. Hospital admission per 1000 people rose from 20.42±5.83 to 45.79±10.10 respiratory symptoms rose from 3.23±1.17 to 7.84±1.90 and cardiovascular incidents rose from 1.19±0.41 to 3.52±1.27. The number of asthma, bronchitis, and COPD cases also rose during the peak smog period. Asthma increased from 12.52% to 28.74%, bronchitis from 10.10% to 22.30%, and COPD from 4.93% to 12.12%. Knowledge about air quality alerts and wearing a mask during the smog season also changed respectively. The result demonstrated that Lahore recorded the maximum AQI and pollutants compared to other big cities in Pakistan such as Karachi, Islamabad, and Faisalabad. The findings presented in the paper show an alarming increase in air pollution and adverse effects on human health particularly during the period of smog in Lahore. People’s knowledge and changes in their behavior, including mask-wearing and reduced time spent outdoors, indicate that new and efficient preventive measures in public health and the environment should be developed to combat smog impacts on human health.

Economic Impact of Periphyton-Based Stunted Fingerling Production in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Non availability of right type quality seed at right time in required quantity is major bottleneck for the growth of aquaculture in Arunachal and major portion of seed are being import from other nearby state especially Assam in particular. To make availability of good quality seed at right time having a regional acclimation for a longer duration in far flung areas of the state, the present investigation was conducted on low cost Periphyton (grown on paddy straw) based stunted yearling production technology to improve the survival and health of stocked material and their economic impact on the fish farmers of district West Kameng during 2018-2021. The average values of pond water quality parameters were observed to vary between both the culture ponds with a significant seasonal differences at all the sites and there were found a greater difference in average survival rate of both the commodities i.e. table size fish as well as stunted yearling during whole culture period. The involved cost of cultivation was recorded higher Rs. 4,70,000 / ha in stunted yearling culture in comparison to Rs.424,940/ha in thetable size carp culture while average gross benefit was just opposite, recorded higher Rs. 6,90,000/ ha in stunted yearling culture in comparison to Rs.199,960/ ha in table size carp culture with the same trend in BCR i.e. 2.46 for stunted fingerling production and 1.47 in the production of table size fishes respectively.

Investigation of the Effects of Erzurum Province Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Karasu River Water Quality

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the wastewater treatment plant located in the Aziziye District of Erzurum Province on the Karasu River. For this purpose, water samples were taken from 3 stations for a year between 2022-2023. The mean water temperature was measured in situ during sampling as 13.8 ˚C, the mean pH value was 7.7, the mean electrical conductivity was 403 µs/cm, and the mean dissolved oxygen value was 6 mg/l. The mean total suspended solid (TSS) amount was determined as 46.7 mg/l, the mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was 28.9 mg/l, the mean biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentration was 18.5 mg/l, the mean total nitrogen (TN) concentration was 4.47 mg/l, the mean nitrate (NO3) concentration was 5.35 mg/l, the mean nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration was 1.21 mg/l, the mean total hardness (TH) was 155 mg/l, the mean ammonium (NH4) concentration was 2.75 mg/l, and the mean ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) concentration was 2.16 mg/L. As a result, it was determined that the Wastewater Treatment Plant positively affected some water quality parameter values of the Karasu River.

A comparative study of indoor and outdoor air quality and associated potential health effects in Gurugram, India.

Abstract Deteriorating air quality remains a leading reason for global human illness and death. This study aims to investigate and compare inside and outside ambient air quality in 15 locations of Gurugram, India. Research technique adopted comprised of extracting outdoor air quality parameter values via Air Quality Index reporting stations for the entire year 2022. Parallel to that, indoor air quality parameter values of houses close to those monitoring stations were recorded through low-cost IoT based AirCubic sensors (T1595) as PM2.5, PM10, relative humidity (RH) and carbon monoxide (CO). After statistical evaluation, it was found that there were significant variations in outdoor and indoor air quality with maximum variations seen in colder season. The study revealed that PM levels were generally lower inside homes than outsides, while CO and RH concentrations were higher indoors. However, these levels often exceeded the acceptable thresholds set by both Indian national and global air quality standards, that could potentially result in harmful health effects, as well as increased risk of short and long-term illnesses, and even death. It may be concluded that more research, extensive air quality monitoring, data sharing, citizen awareness, and better technical and policy inputs are required to maintain healthy air quality for a sustainable lifestyle.

POTENTIAL OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER TREATMENT

The increasing global demand for aquatic products and decline in wild fisheries pose a challenge in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 14, which is to conserve and sustainably use marine resources. The depletion of fish populations due to overfishing, destruction of aquatic habitats as well as climate change has adversely affected aquatic ecosystems, which leads to further pressure in establishing food security. To meet the rising demand for fish products, countries have turned to aquaculture, but the industry itself faces many environmental challenges, particularly in wastewater management. This review explores the potential of using biofloc technology (BFT) to treat wastewater. BFT utilises microbial ecosystem processes to remove excess nutrients and acts as a natural “cleaning” mechanism. It transforms organic waste into valuable microbial biomass, which enhances water quality and minimises the ecological footprint of aquaculture. In this way, BFT reduces the amount of solid waste generated, increases the level of dissolved oxygen and creates an environment that is less conducive for the growth of harmful bacteria, thus reducing the need for chemical treatments. This paper also discusses the role of BFT in toxic remediation by analysing the nature and composition of aquaculture wastewater. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the mean values for various water quality parameters in aquaculture and biofloc water, and compares them with aquaculture standards.

Reproducibility study of intravoxel incoherent motion and apparent diffusion coefficient parameters in normal pancreas.

The consistency of pancreatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameter values across different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices significantly impacts the patient's diagnosis and treatment. To explore consistency in image quality, ADC values, and IVIM parameter values among different MRI devices in pancreatic examinations. This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. In total, 22 healthy volunteers (10 males and 12 females) aged 24-61 years (mean, 28.9 ± 2.3 years) underwent pancreatic diffusion-weighted imaging using 3.0T MRI equipment from three vendors. Two independent observers subjectively scored image quality and measured the pancreas's overall ADC values and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Subsequently, regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated for the IVIM parameters (true diffusion coefficient, pseudo-diffusion coefficient, and perfusion fraction) using post-processing software. These ROIs were on the head, body, and tail of the pancrease. The subjective image ratings were assessed using the kappa consistency test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and mixed linear models were used to evaluate each device's quantitative parameter values. Finally, a pairwise analysis of IVIM parameter values across each device was performed using Bland-Altman plots. The Kappa value for the subjective ratings of the different observers was 0.776 (P < 0.05). The ICC values for inter-observer and intra-observer agreements for the quantitative parameters were 0.803 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.684-0.880] and 0.883 (95%CI: 0.760-0.945), respectively (P < 0.05). The ICCs for the SNR between different devices was comparable (P > 0.05), and the ICCs for the ADC values from different devices were 0.870, 0.707, and 0.808, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, only a few statistically significant inter-device agreements were observed for different IVIM parameters, and among those, the ICC values were generally low. The mixed linear model results indicated differences (P < 0.05) in the f-value for the pancreas head, D-value for the pancreas body, and D-value for the pancreas tail obtained using different MRI machines. The Bland-Altman plots showed significant variability at some data points. ADC values are consistent among different devices, but the IVIM parameters' repeatability is moderate. Therefore, the variability in the IVIM parameter values may be associated with using different MRI machines. Thus, caution should be exercised when using IVIM parameter values to assess the pancreas.

Assessment of Management Practices to Prevent Soil Degradation Threats on Lithuanian Acid Soils

An assessment of soil characteristics pertaining to their suitability for agricultural use in general is necessary to reverse the declining trend of soil quality and to ensure sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the soil resistance (SRI) and degradation indices (SDI) under different agrotechniques and to find out whether management-induced changes are large enough to reduce soil degradation. The study was based on the comparison of physicochemical data of 3 long-term experiments conducted in the western part of Lithuania. Changes in soil properties over the past 20 years (1999–2019) have been determined. The most commonly used measures in Lithuania, such as soil liming, manuring, residue maintenance, and tillage, were selected for the analysis. The analysis carried out showed that the soil, which was fertilized with manure, had a higher value of soil quality parameters compared to natural Retisol: organic matter (by 0.53 percentage points), total nitrogen (by 0.04 percentage points), and the available amounts of phosphorus (by 69 mg/kg) and potassium (by 6.6 mg/kg). The assessment of the relative annual change in SOC content revealed that long-term soil manuring has significant SOC sequestration capability. Among the soil management techniques examined, it appeared that the greatest relative annual change (0.47 g kg−1yr−1) in SOC content was noted in manured soil. The results indicate that the higher degradation, and resistance values were observed in acid soil (pH 4.2), where liming was applied, indicating greater sensitivity to degradation. Based on analyzed indices, the agricultural practices ranked as: manuring &gt; residue management &gt; reduced tillage &gt; liming. The lowest SRI values were obtained for low level of nutrients (from −0.11 to 0.89), organic carbon (from −0.72 to −0.49), and pH (from −0.25 to –0.1), indicating that these properties are more sensitive to applied agricultural practices compared to others. All these findings provide information for promoting better soil management, soil protection, land use planning, and the planning of remedial measures, especially in the most afflicted areas.

Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Tosham Town

A systematic study has been carried out to assess the groundwater quality of Tosham town of Bhiwani district of Haryana state, India. 400 groundwater samples from ten selected stations were collected in the different seasons and assessed for 11 physicochemical parameters i.e. pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, chloride, nitrate and sulphate respectively. The analytical data of various physicochemical parameters of some groundwater samples of the study areas indicates that parameters such as pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, chloride, nitrate and sulphate are found to be in excess than the desirable limits recommended by ICMR. The groundwater quality parameters values indicates that groundwater samples of some sampling stations are quite unfit for drinking purpose because of high value of total hardness, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, fluoride and chloride so that suitable suggestions were made to improve the groundwater quality.

Computable error bounds for quasi-Monte Carlo using points with non-negative local discrepancy

Abstract Let $f:[0,1]^{d}\to{\mathbb{R}}$ be a completely monotone integrand as defined by Aistleitner and Dick (2015, Acta Arithmetica, 167, 143–171) and let points $\boldsymbol{x}_{0},\dots ,\boldsymbol{x}_{n-1}\in [0,1]^{d}$ have a non-negative local discrepancy (NNLD) everywhere in $[0,1]^{d}$. We show how to use these properties to get a non-asymptotic and computable upper bound for the integral of $f$ over $[0,1]^{d}$. An analogous non-positive local discrepancy property provides a computable lower bound. It has been known since Gabai (1967, Illinois J. Math., 11, 1–12) that the two-dimensional Hammersley points in any base $b\geqslant 2$ have NNLD. Using the probabilistic notion of associated random variables, we generalize Gabai’s finding to digital nets in any base $b\geqslant 2$ and any dimension $d\geqslant 1$ when the generator matrices are permutation matrices. We show that permutation matrices cannot attain the best values of the digital net quality parameter when $d\geqslant 3$. As a consequence the computable absolutely sure bounds we provide come with less accurate estimates than the usual digital net estimates do in high dimensions. We are also able to construct high-dimensional rank one lattice rules that are NNLD. We show that those lattices do not have good discrepancy properties: any lattice rule with the NNLD property in dimension $d\geqslant 2$ either fails to be projection regular or has all its points on the main diagonal. Complete monotonicity is a very strict requirement that for some integrands can be mitigated via a control variate.

Impacts of Bacillus probiotics on productive performance and egg quality criteria in laying Japanese quails

The present study aimed to determine the effects of adding Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, and internal organ weights. We used 96 laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) at 12 weeks of age. The birds were divided into three treatment groups (32 quails per group), each divided into eight replicates (four quails per replicate). The research was carried out in three periods of 28 days each. We used three diets; the 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basal diet. The 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received 0.1% (1×109 CFU/g) B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens as an addition to the basal diet, respectively. Adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not influence the performance parameters statistically. Also, adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly (p<0.05) impacted the albumen index, Haugh unit, and egg yolk compared to the control group. In contrast, the applied Bacillus species did not affect other egg quality parameter values. The addition of B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not significantly influence body weight, heart weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, small intestine length, and caecum length among the slaughter parameters examined. Adding 0.1% (1×109 CFU/g), of B. amyloliquefaciens to the laying quail diets can be used without causing a significant difference in performance, egg quality characteristics, and visceral weights compared to the control group.

A Qualitative Study of Water Quality Using Landsat 8 and Station Water Quality-Monitoring Data to Support SDG 6.3.2 Evaluations: A Case Study of Deqing, China

Facing the challenge of the degradation of global water quality, it is urgent to realize the Sustainable Development Goal 6.3.2 (SDG 6.3.2), which focuses on improving global water quality. Currently, remote sensing technology is widely used for water quality monitoring. Existing water quality-monitoring studies have been conducted based on quantitative water quality inversion. It requires a high degree of the synchronization of the time and location of the collection of station monitoring data and remote sensing data (air–ground spatiotemporal synchronization), which can be resource intensive and time consuming. However, policymakers and the public are more interested in the quality of water (good or poor) than in the specific values of the water quality parameters, as evidenced by the emergence of SDG 6.3.2. In this study, we change the traditional idea of quantitative water quality research, focus on water quality qualitative research combined with the characteristics of water pollution, propose a remote sensing water quality sample enhancement method under the condition of “air–ground spatiotemporal asynchrony”, and construct a remote sensing water quality sample library. On the basis of this sample library, a random forest water quality classification model was constructed to classify water quality qualitatively. We obtained the distribution of good water bodies in Deqing County, China, for example, from 2013 to 2022. The results show that the model has high accuracy (Kappa = 0.6004, OA = 0.8387), and we found that the water quality in Deqing County improved in the order of “major rivers, lakes, and tributaries” during the period from 2013 to 2015. This also verifies the feasibility of using this sample enhancement method to conduct qualitative research on water quality. Based on this water quality classification model, a set of spatial-type evaluation processes of SDG 6.3.2 based on image elements was designed. The evaluation results show that the water quality situation in Deqing County can be divided into two stages: there is a trend of substantial improvement from 2013 (evaluated value of SDG 6.3.2 = 63.25) to 2015 (evaluated value of SDG 6.3.2 = 83.16); and it has remained stable and fluctuating after reaching the good environmental water quality since 2015. This study proposes a simple method for rapidly evaluating SDG 6.3.2 via utilizing easily accessible Landsat 8 and water quality-monitoring data to classify water quality. The method can directly obtain water quality category information without the need for additional sampling, thus saving costs. It is a very simple process that is easy to implement, while also providing a high level of accuracy. This significantly reduces the barriers to evaluating SDG 6.3.2, supports the realization of the sustainable management of water resources globally, and is highly generalizable.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. ‘Arka Anamika’

The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, S.G.V.U., Jaipur (Rajasthan) to study the effect of INM on growth, yield and quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. ‘Arka Anamika’ during Rabi season of the year 2022-23. The experiment was laid down in RBD which consisted 9 treatment combinations viz; Control (T0), 100% RDF (T1), 100% RDF + Vermicompost @5t/ha (T2), 100% RDF + Poultry manure @2t/ha (T3), 100% RDF + Neem cake @2t/ha (T4), 50% RDF + Vermicompost @5t/ha (T5), 50% RDF + Poultry Manure @2t/ha (T6), 50% RDF + Neem cake @2t/ha (T7), 50% RDF + Vermicompost @5t/ha + Poultry Manure @2t/ha + Neem cake @2t/ha (T8) and treatments were replicated three times. Appraisal of the result indicated that the influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on important parameters like vegetative growth, yield and quality of Okra were significantly influenced by INM under local agro climatic conditions. The treatment (T8) had a significant effect on various vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters, and the results revealed that the maximum plant height plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, leaves per plant, days taken to 50% flowering, flowers per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit per plant, fruit yield, TSS, Ascorbic acid and Titrable Acidity (%) were recorded in T8. The minimum values of growth, yield and quality parameters were recorded in the control (T0). Results further indicated that the highest (3.06) benefit: cost ratio was observed in T8. Whereas, the lowest benefit: cost ratio (1.07) was recorded under control.

Penurunan Mutu Ikan Segar Hasil Budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung Di Teluk Ambon Pada Suhu Kamar

The research was conducted to determine the quality deterioration of several types of fish from floating net cage cultivation in Ambon Bay during a 10-hour of observation period at room temperature. Observations were made on test parameters such as pH, total volatile base (TVB), trimethylamine (TMA), and total microbes (TPC). The results of the analysis showed that over the course of 10 hours at room temperature, the process of quality deterioration in Lates calcarifer was slower compared to Gnathanodon speciosus and Oreochromis niloticus. This is evident in the fish quality parameter values. For instance, the average pH of the three types of fish during room temperature storage ranges from 6.13 to 6.65. The TVB value of G. speciosus and O. niloticus exceeded acceptable levels after 6 hours of storage, while the TVB value of Lates calcarifer remained acceptable even after 6 hours. At six hours, the TVB values exceeded 10 mg N%, indicating spoilage, while the TMA value in L. calcarifer sea bass did not exceed 10 mg N% after 10 hours of storage. The total microbial value of the three fish samples stored for 10 hours at room temperature still meets the standards for fresh fish quality.

Physio-biochemical characteristics of Acrostichum aureum L. In the coir retting areas of Kadinamkulam Estuary, South India

The Kadinamkulam lake a temporary estuary lying in the southern part of Kerala, is the largest of its kind in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Connected with the Anchuthengu kayal on the north and the Veli kayal on the south, the north and the Veli kayal on the south, the Kadinamkulam kayal remains connected with the Lakshadweep Sea for varying periods depending on rain fall and river discharge. Acrostichum aureum L. is only pteridophyte genus fern in the mangrove ecosystem of Indian coast. So the present study was conducted in the plant Acrostichum aureum L. identified in the selected stations of Kadinamkulam estuary. The major objective of the study is to assess the changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plant Acrostichum aureum L in coir retting areas. For this, surface water samples and plant samples were collected from the six selected stations of the coir retting areas and one station in the non-retting area of Kadinamkulam estuary. The results show reduction in leaf pigments, total proteins, carbohydrates in the Acrostichum aureum L. plants in polluted stations compared to that of control station/non retting area. The malondialdehyde, antioxidants and proline were increased in the Acrostichum aureum plants in retting stations and it vividly points out the stressful environment in the study area. It may be due to the presence of pollutants in the coir retting effluents and sewage disposed to this lake. The results of the study in lake water samples show that the values of some water quality parameters in coir retting areas were above the permissible limits of surface water quality standards.