Quality Of Soybean Seeds Research Articles

The quality of soybean seeds and the mass of one thousand seeds dependingon the variety composition, fertilization and plant protection under irrigation conditions in Southern Ukraine

The quality of soybean seeds and the mass of one thousand seeds dependingon the variety composition, fertilization and plant protection under irrigation conditions in Southern Ukraine

Systematic Review - State of the Art: strategies for vigor evaluation and production of high-vigor soybean seeds

Abstract: A systematic approach was employed with the objective of compiling updated and more promising information on the quality of soybean seeds, traits, treatments and analysis techniques. Among the 6,899 academic materials retrieved between 2017 and 2022, 57 of them were included in the study, separated into three groups: Group 1 - Theoretical materials addressing traits related to seed vigor, which can be used in biotechnological strategies and improvement of different species; Group 2 - Practical materials that apply techniques of treatment of soybean seeds; and Group 3 - Practical materials that apply techniques to evaluate vigor in soybean seeds. From the approach used, it was possible to observe that several genes, proteins and QTLs are associated with seed vigor. Seed treatment techniques focus on the use of biological and physical products, but there is a lack of studies validating these benefits in the field. Among the methods for evaluating the vigor of soybean seeds, the techniques of image analysis (visible light, LIBS, NIR, FTIR, FT-NIR, HSI-NIR, FHSI, Hyperspectral, Fluorescence spectral) and the use of software (Vigor-S®, SVIS®, SAPL®, IJCropSeed, Ilastik, VideometerLab®, MATLAB, ENVI®) stand out.

Physiological quality of soybean seeds and the influence of maturity group

Abstract: Productive soybean genotypes is one of the main objectives of soybean breeding programs. However, there are few studies on the selection of characteristics associated with the quality and performance of soybean seeds. The objective in this study was to predict physiological and genetic parameters associated with seed quality in segregating soybean populations derived from parents of differing maturity groups. Eight genotypes of the F2:3 segregating soybean population (numbered 163, 24, 57, 108, 164, 169, 157, and 81) cultivated in the 2018/19 harvest were evaluated. To conduct the experiment, a completely randomized design was used. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination test, tetrazolium test, and image analysis. Statistical analyses were performed by using a mixed model approach. Greater seed vigor was observed in the genotypes 108, 164, and 169, whose results were among the best for most of the analyzed parameters. The greater mechanical damage and damage due to stink bugs can explain the lower vigor of some seeds, as observed in genotypes 57 and 163, while weathering damage did not correspond to the results of the seed vigor tests. The analyses indicated a greater influence of genetic characteristics than of relative maturity group on the responses of the genotypes. No effect of relative maturity group on soybean seed vigor was evident.

MACHINE LEARNING FOR SOYBEAN SEEDS LOTS CLASSIFICATION

The seed germination and vigor evaluation are essential for the sowing sector to measure the performance of different seed lots and improve the efficiency of storage and sowing processes. However, the analysis of various tests to determine seed quality generates a large amount of information, making it almost impossible for humans to perform a quick and effective quality control analysis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the physiological quality of soybean seeds in different cultivars using machine learning techniques to rank the lots based on their quality. Three cultivars were used, and the analysis was germination, accelerated aging, tetrazolium treatment, seedling emergence, and 1000 seed weight from 65 lots were measured. The lots were evaluated in two phases, one immediately after harvest and the other after six months of storage. Random forest, multi-layer perceptron, J48, and classification via regression classifiers were used, aided by the feature resampler technique. Random forest and classification via regression obtained the highest accuracy, and the random forest technique obtained the best results. Therefore, it is possible to classify soybean seed lots with great accuracy and precision using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques.

Análise estrutural de vagens e sementes de soja submetidas à deterioração por umidade em pré-colheita

Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze structurally the pods and seed coats of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, as well as to determine the quality of seeds when subjected to deterioration by weathering in pre-harvest. A 7×3 factorial arrangement was used – seven cultivars and three volumes of simulated rainfall (0, 54, and 162 mm). Exposure to rainfall was simulated in the R8 phenological stage. Then, the plants were taken to a greenhouse, where they were kept until the time of collection of pods and seeds. After collection, the following evaluations were carried out: tetrazolium test, lignin content in pods and seed coats, and structural analysis of pods (exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp thickness) and seed coats (epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchymal-cell thickness). Pre-harvest rainfall of 54 and 162 mm reduces the quality of soybean seeds; however, the response to deterioration by weathering differs according to the cultivar. The tolerance to all simulated rainfall was greater for BRSMT Pintado, BRS Jiripoca, and M8210IPRO and lower for BRS 1010IPRO. Pods with a greater thickness of the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp and a high lignin content show greater resistance to weathering deterioration and seeds with greater vigor and viability. The thickness of the hypodermis of the testa is related to resistance to weathering deterioration and to the obtainment of high-quality seeds.

Primary cause of cotyledonous bacterial blight on soybean

One of the main causes of the worldwide decrease of sowing quality of soybean seeds is a cotyledonous bacterial blight in the form of necrotic decaying spots on the outer or inner side of cotyledons. We hypothesize that there is a primary non-bacterial cause for the development of necrotic spots on cotyledons of soybean seeds. We carried out the research in 2016-2020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops on soybean seeds. Cotyledonous bacterial blight is never recorded on immature seeds of healthy soybean plants at the stages of a complete filling and the beginning of physiological maturation. But the secondary (rain) moistening of mature seeds on unharvested plants leads to the development of cotyledonous necroses and a decrease of soybean seed germination due to the subsequent necrotization of over-moistened and repeatedly dried tissues of cotyledons. The physiological mechanism of cotyledon necrosis formation is based on the secondary moistening of individual areas or whole mature seeds to a critical moisture level that initiates nucleic acid synthesis. This irreversibly activates the cell division processes of the over-moistened areas of cotyledons. Subsequent drying of seeds with over-moistened areas of cotyledons leads to their necrosis. The isolation of bacterial pathogens of various species and families in the necrotic areas of cotyledons can be explained by the secondary saprophytic infection of the over-moistened tissues already dead after secondary drying.

Genetic control of soybean seed quality using partial diallel

Abstract: The selection of soybean genotypes with seeds of high physiological quality is key to increasing the likelihood of establishment and success in the field and thus reaping higher yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic control of the physiological quality of soybean seeds from a partial diallel cross. Six previously selected soybean cultivars, group 1 (CD 201, CA 115, MS 8400) and group 2 (CD 202, Syn 1263, Syn 1279), were intercrossed by a partial diallel cross, totalizing 24 treatments. Seeds from these cultivars and crosses were evaluated for seed physiological quality based on germination tests, first germination count, accelerated aging, seedlings emergence, and emergence speed index. The lignin content in the soybean seed coat was evaluated. The effects on general and specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were analyzed. There were significant additive and non-additive effects of the genes on the seed quality traits and pronounced effects on the reciprocal traits, which suggest the presence of a maternal effect. Lignin content was not correlated with the physiological test results in the studied genotypes.

Quality of soybean seeds sampled during processing

Abstract: Representative seed lot sampling is important in analyzing seed quality. This study aimed to determine whether sampling during processing and after packaging using samplers interferes in analyzing the physiological quality and health of soybean seed lots. The study was conducted with six and twelve soybean seed lots produced in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 growing seasons, respectively. Two sampling methods were used, according to the Rules for Seed Testing: a) sampling during processing; b) sampling of seed lots stored in bags using a sampler. Seed quality was assessed by germination percentage, accelerated aging, and tetrazolium tests to determine vigor, and seed health using the blotter test. Sampling during processing and after storage in bags differ in the expression of seed vigor and health. Seed lot homogeneity is essential to determine the difference between sampling methods. Sampling in the processing flow is more representative and may be indicated for the germination test.

Outcomes of water deficit stress on the physiological quality of soybean seeds

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the physiological seed quality of soybean cultivars produced under or without water deficit stress. Seed samples of three soybean cultivars produced in the 2019/2020 crop season were collected in a rural property and in a company that obtains the cultivars. In the rural property, the seeds were produced under water deficit stress and high temperatures during the crop’s and were characterized by the presence of greenish seeds. In the company that obtains the cultivars, the sample consisted of a certified seed lot produced under normal rainfall and temperature conditions, without greenish seeds. Germination, average germination time, germination speed index, average germination speed, the number of normal and abnormal seedlings, the seedling height and dry weight, the root evaluations (length, surface area, volume, average diameter and dry mass) and the total seedling dry mass were also evaluated. Soybean seeds produced under water deficit stress showed a reduction in physiological quality directly proportional to the percentage of greenish seeds present in each seed lot. The occurrence of water deficit stress on the soybean in the reproductive and maturation stages negatively impacts the soybean crop installation in the subsequent season due to the low physiological seed quality.

Sanitary quality of cooled and stored soybean seeds

Maintaining seed quality during storage is a fundamental premise for production efficiency. The aim was to evaluate the effect of cooling prior to packing seeds and of types of packaging on the occurrence of fungal species and the oscillations of fungal populations over the storage period of soybean seeds. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replications in a 2×3×5 factorial arrangement, consisting of cooling or no cooling of the seed mass before packing, three types of packaging, and five moments of evaluation during storage. Sanitary quality was evaluated by the method of incubation in filter paper without freezing. The seed mass cooled to 13°C prior to packing returned to ambient temperature in 15 days in a warehouse without controlled conditions. Cooling prior to packing does not affect the sanitary quality of soybean seeds during storage, whereas the type of packaging does have an effect. The incidence of Phomopsis spp. and Fusarium spp. at the beginning of storage was lower mainly for seeds stored in the HDPE container. The occurrence of Cercospora kikuchii decreases over storage time. In all the packaging, the incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. increases as the storage period advances.

Quality of soybean seeds submitted to different treatments and storage conditions

Chemical seed treatment is a recommended technique to protect seeds from pathogens that can affect their quality. The objective of this work was to analyse the quality of soybean seeds with different treatments under different storage temperatures. Seeds of cultivar ‘M 8378 IPRO’ produced in Mato Grosso, Brazil were used. A completely randomised design was used in a 4 × 3 two-factorial scheme. The seeds were treated with three different combinations of chemicals (fungicides, insecticides, polymer and drying powder) in addition to the control (untreated seeds) combined with three different storage temperatures (13 °C, 19 °C and uncontrolled temperature), with three repetitions. Quality was assessed by the germination test (TG), accelerated aging (AA), field emergence (FE), tetrazolium test (TZ) and isoenzyme analysis. The uncontrolled storage temperature negatively influenced the variables germination, accelerated aging and field emergence. The vigour and viability of the tetrazolium test showed that untreated seeds had better physiological quality than seeds with chemical treatment. The expression of isoenzymes showed a difference between treatments. Even with the stress caused by the seed treatment, this tool is very important for the initial protection of the seedlings.

Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors.

Seed coat color is one of the main agronomical traits that determine the chemical quality of soybean seeds and has been used as a parameter during cultivar development. In this study, seeds of yellow (n = 10), greenish-yellow (n = 5), and light-yellow (n = 4) soybean accessions were evaluated for their contents of total protein, total oil, total phenolic (TPC), and five prominent fatty acids including palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LLA), relative to a control cultivar, and the effect of seed coat color on each was investigated. Antioxidant activity was also evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results showed significant variations of metabolite contents and antioxidant activities between the soybeans. The average TPC, DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and FRAP were each in the order of greenish-yellow > yellow > light-yellow soybeans. In contrast, light-yellow soybeans contained a high level of OA and low levels of SA, LA, and LLA, each except LA differing significantly from yellow and greenish-yellow soybeans (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that greenish-yellow and light-yellow soybeans could be good sources of antioxidants and high-quality soybean oil, respectively.

Effect of Harvest Time on Soybean Seed Quality of Detap-1 Variety

One of the factors responsible for the low soybean yield in Indonesia is low seed quality. Harvesting at the right time is an appropriate method for obtaining quality soybean seeds. Furthermore, harvest age can directly influence the physiological quality of seeds. This research aims to determine the effect of harvest time on the Detap-1 variety soybean seed quality. The experimental design was a randomized block (RBD) with variations in harvest time (R7, R8, R8 + 3, R8 + 6, R8 + 9, R8 + 12 days) as a factor. The observed data were then analyzed with the F test and the DNMRT test at a significance level of 5%. In addition, the variables observed were moisture content at harvest, seed germination and vigour, growth speed, the weight of 100 seeds and weight of seeds per pod. The results showed that the best quality seeds of soybean Detap-1 variety were obtained in the treatment where the harvest was in the R8 + 3-day phase.

Precision agriculture: soybean culture in South Brazil

The objective of describing the scientific production on precision agriculture for soybean cultivation in southern Brazil. Integrative review developed in five stages: 1) to identify research problems: what is the scientific production on precision agriculture for the soybean economy in Brazil, 2) data collection, 3) data evaluation, 4) analysis and interpretation of data and 5) presentation of results. 19 articles appeared, published in the period from 2011 to 2019. All involve the study of soy, created in Latosol, Cambisolo and Argisolo; study areas ranging from 1.74 to 225 hectares; predominance of no-tillage carried out over ten years; crop rotation in summer and winter. As topics addressed: Physiological quality of soybean seeds; Sowing of soybeans; Chemical and physical attributes of the soil; Spectral indices during soybean growth; Weeds and pest control. There was greater emphasis on technologies: digital maps, machinery, tests, computer systems / programs, software, georeferencing, soil analysis, electronic meters, digital images, equipment and optical sensors. The tools used in precision agriculture are important for professional qualification, increased reduction, environmental impacts, sustainability, optimization of time and products and services, cost reduction.

Circular RNAs acting as ceRNAs mediated by miRNAs may be involved in the synthesis of soybean fatty acids.

Soybean oil is composed of fatty acids and glycerol. The content and composition of fatty acids partly determine the quality of soybean seeds. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that competitively bind to microRNAs (miRNAs) through miRNA recognition elements, thereby acting as sponges to regulate the expression of target genes. Although circRNAs have been identified previously in soybean, only their expression has been investigated without exploration of the competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network of circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs. In this study, circRNAs in immature pods of a low linolenic acid soybean Mutant 72' (MT72) and the wild-type control 'Jinong 18' (JN18) were systematically identified and analyzed at 30 and 40days after flowering using high-throughput sequencing technology. We identified 6377 circRNAs, of which 114 were differentially expressed. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses of targeted mRNAs in the ceRNAs network indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs may be involved in fatty acid transport, suggesting that circRNAs may play a post-transcriptional regulatory role in soybean oil synthesis. This study provides a foundation for future exploration of the function of circRNAs in soybean and presents novel insights to guide further studies of plant circRNAs.

Productivity, quality and composition of soybean seeds in storage as a function of boron doses at different phenological stages

Soybeans is one of the crops with significant impact on global food supply, so it’s important to study those relevant factors affecting its production and even the development of its seeds in the field. The macro and micronutrients are important, and continuously soybeans is concerned, boron is extremely important for biological nitrogen fixation, and participating in the physiological seed formation processes. Dose and timing of applications are important factors inner decisions related to crop production and management. Therefore, the goal of this work was to evaluate effects of times and doses of soil boron application on soybean quality, and its influence on the physiological characteristics after storage. The first phase of the experiment was conducted at the Goias State University, with a randomized complete 5 x 6 block factorial, with five stages (V0, V3, V6, V9 and R1) of boron application and six different doses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg ha-1) of it, four replications, evaluating leaf boron content, chlorophyll index and seed yield in kg ha-1. The second phase was contrived in the laboratory aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds after 6 months of storage and a concentration of nutritional supplements, with a completely randomized design in a 5 x 6 factorial arrangement with four replications as in the field with 5 stages and 6 doses. The variables analyzed were: germination, root length, shoot length, growth rate index, root development ratio and shoot development ratio. The reproductive stage showed the best averages for seed quality variables, whereas for doses, the intermediate levels showed positive results for most of the tests used in the study. However, there isn’t justification for fertilization boron to maintain the stored seeds quality.

Molecular Genetic Study of Soybean Seed Quality

Molecular Genetic Study of Soybean Seed Quality

Agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds according to plant population

Soybean (Glycine max) yield can be influenced by the choice of genetic material along with the use of an adequate plant population and selection of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds, according to different plant populations. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 harvest, under field conditions, in a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, and BMX Power IPRO, at four population densities: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 and 320,000 plants ha-1. The agronomic characteristics of the plants (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of a 100 seeds and seed yield) and physiological quality (germination, first count of germination, seedling length, dry mass of the shoot and root and accelerated aging test) of these seeds were evaluated. The experiment showed that the agronomic characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds varied according to the genotypes, and that these phenotypic expressions can be altered according to the plant population. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO obtained higher seed yield compared to the semi-determinate and determinate cultivars M 7739 IPRO and TMG2181 IPRO, mainly due to their field conformation and size. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO showed higher average germination and seed hardiness and produced normal seedlings with good initial growth rate and dry weight. The yield and quality of soybean seeds were not affected by plant population.

Эффективность листовой подкормки удобрениями с микроэлементами в технологии возделывания сои

The results of testing micronutrientcontained fertilizers developed by Spetsagrokhim LLC and BioEra-Penza LLC in the industrial agrotechnology of soybean cultivation are presented. Based on the results of phenological observations during the entire growing season, the effect of the studied preparations on the growth and development of soybean plants has been assessed. The conditions for the application of micronutrient-contained fertilizers are given according to the recommendations of the developers and taking into account the conducted soil analysis for each option studied. A comparative assessment of the number of formed nodules on soybean roots in the studied options is presented and the influence of the selected options on the formation of yield and quality of soybean seeds is analyzed.

Qualidade de sementes de soja após a inoculação de biológicos em campo

A combinação de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e fungos biocontroladores que interferem no desenvolvimento de plantas pode constituir uma ferramenta que permita promover uma melhor qualidade de sementes obtidas sob estas combinações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a interação de bioprodutos a base de Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma asperrellum e BioAx aplicados no solo visando melhorar a qualidade de sementes em cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em três cultivares de soja [Brasmax Foco IPRO, Brasmax Desafio IPRO e Brasmax Bônus IPRO] e quatro biológicos [T1- Azospirillum brasilense + Bradyrhizobium japonicum, T2- BioAx, T3- Trichoderma asperrellum, e T4- a combinação dos três biológicos]. Avaliou-se: a primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, massa seca da parte área e de raízes de plântulas e teste de tetrazólio (vigor e viabilidade). Os resultados mostraram que as respostas obtidas foram dependentes das cultivares avaliadas, e que Brasmax Foco IPRO e Brasmax Desafio IPRO apresentaram maior qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O efeito dos biológicos dependem da cultivar da soja; em cultivares com maior qualidade fisiológica o efeito do biológico não é evidente. Entretanto, em cultivares com menor qualidade fisiológica (Brasmax Bônus IPRO), o efeito dos biológicos é mais evidente, constituindo assim uma excelente alternativa de se melhorar a qualidade das sementes de soja com o uso combinado de biológicos.