QoS Routing Research Articles

Cellular Automata Construction for Novel Routing over Hexagonal Grid for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

We address the problem of constructing an efficient route algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Network setting up QoS routes based on route discovery mechanism of AODV protocol and cellular automata. A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) consists of mobile nodes which are free to move arbitrarily due to its dynamic nature, adaptive and infrastructure less in nature. It is very tough task to have a snap of a network topology in this dynamic nature. Many research works have done to find a shortest path in MANET, it may give a better solution for finding an optimal path but difficult to augment with QoS constraints and its energy utilization. Here we have proposed an algorithm based on hexagonal cellular automata model for giving an efficient algorithm. This algorithm applies ADOV protocol and Lee's algorithm for constructing a shortest route and it considers energy and delay/bandwidth constraints as its basic metrics. These two metrics give a basic criterion for selecting a path between source and destination nodes through hexagonal cellular automata. Finally it is modeled with a matrix to implement it.

QoS Routing RPL for Low Power and Lossy Networks

Energy conservation, while ensuring an adequate level of service, is a major concern in Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), because the nodes are typically deployed and are not replaced in case of failure. Several efforts have recently led to the standardization of a routing protocol for LLNs. The standard provides several criteria that can be used as a routing metric. The working group RoLL of the IETF developed a routing protocol for 6LoWPAN sensor network (IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4) (Ko et al., 2011), RPL, recently standardized. Using this protocol could become common and standard in IPv6 sensor networks in the future. Most implementation of the protocol makes use of the transmission rate successfully (ETX) as metric and focuses on the reliability of links. In this paper we present the use of the residual energy and the transmission delay as routing metric in the next hop selection process for the RPL protocol. We design an objective function for this metric based on ant colony optimization (ACO), and then we compare the results of experiments realized with the RPL based on ETX.

A Systematic Review on Energy Aware QoS Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Systematic Review on Energy Aware QoS Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Robust QoS-aware communication in the smart distribution grid

The increasing penetration of distributed generation into the power distribution domain necessitates reliable and QoS-aware communication in order to safely manage the grid. To achieve this, heterogeneous networks (a combination of the Internet and private networks) offer a promising approach due to the potential cost effectiveness and leveraging the ubiquitous coverage. However, the current Internet infrastructure does not support end-to-end (E2E) QoS-guaranteed communication. To cope with this challenge, we propose a novel overlay network architecture, termed HetGrid, with a dedicated QoS routing mechanism. It provides QoS guarantees across the network, taking into account three parameters: reliability, latency and bandwidth for power distribution grid applications. To achieve this, we also develop two elements, namely (a) multipath routing mechanism compensating the critical applications for their high reliability requirements by employing E2E physically-disjoint paths, and (b) altruistic resource allocation with the QoS routing mechanism targeting QoS-guaranteed communication for applications having strict QoS requirements. Our results demonstrate that the proposed overlay network approach provides highly efficient, reliable and QoS-aware communication in heterogeneous networks.

Framework for optimized multimedia routing over software defined networks

The increase of data traffic moving in the Internet is particularly concentrated in multimedia content. However, the rigidity of the typical Internet architecture based on best-effort oriented IP network has limited the development of innovative network services. The new post-PC multimedia services require networks with high levels of flexibility and customization in order to provide efficient security, mobility, availability and QoS. In this context, software defined networking (SDN) is a novel paradigm that decouples the data and control plane in network devices and opens the programming capabilities of the network behavior. SDN opens the possibility to customize the network behavior in function of the different users requirements.In this paper, we describe the SDN architecture and analyze the opportunities to provide new multimedia services. Moreover, a SDN framework is also presented to provide QoS for different multimedia services. This framework uses OpenFlow, Network Virtualization and establishes functional boxes and interfaces to test different routing algorithms. Then, the modules of “Network Performance” and “QoS Routing Algorithm” are implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. The experiments with video streaming information show a quality optimization (PSNR, SSIM, MOS) in comparison with the best effort engine. Finally, the challenges of SDN and the future lines of work are presented.

Link-Disjoint Interference-Aware Admission Control and QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks

In Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) interferences diminish the network performances such as data failure, retransmission, conflict and delay. Hence, interferences are main factors that affect the network performances. Sinking interferences on the routing paths are crucial problem to enhance performances of the networks. Here, we proposed a protocol called Link-Disjoint Interference Aware (LDIA) QoS Routing Protocol based on MARIA Protocol. The capacity of networks in rigorously affects by interferences among links and numerous efforts to representation this effects make use of ‘Cliques’ structure in adhoc graphs. Here, we compared this simulation results in NS2 and analysis made for LDIA QoS Routing protocol and QoS Aware Routing Protocol (QoSAR).

An energy-efficient QoS routing for wireless sensor networks using self-stabilizing algorithm

Transmission delays caused by wireless multi-hop communications usually hamper the time-sensitive applications on wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, transmission delay of data packets is quantified as the number of hops from a sensor to base station (BS), and a tolerable delay (TD) of each packet denotes the initial value of aging tag (AT) to present their QoS metric. On the basis of predictability of TDMA schedule, we propose a self-stabilizing hop-constrained energy-efficient (SHE) protocol for constructing minimum energy networks for hard real-time routing. The protocol first constructs ad hoc multi-hop paths within a cluster while controlling the number of nodes in the cluster so as to meet the TD of data packets from member nodes to their CH. An adaptive routing protocol is then proposed to convey aggregate data packets from CHs to BSs in different routes depending on their current AT values, thus meeting their QoS requirements while prolonging the network lifetime.

Mobility and Bandwidth Aware QoS Routing Protocol for MANET

Mobility and Bandwidth Aware QoS Routing Protocol for MANET

Real-Time QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Study and Analysis.

Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. These routing protocols are almost always based on energy efficiency. However, recent advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras and small microphones have led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) as a class of wireless sensor networks which pose additional challenges. The transmission of imaging and video data needs routing protocols with both energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics in order to guarantee the efficient use of the sensor nodes and effective access to the collected data. Also, with integration of real time applications in Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs), the use of QoS routing protocols is not only becoming a significant topic, but is also gaining the attention of researchers. In designing an efficient QoS routing protocol, the reliability and guarantee of end-to-end delay are critical events while conserving energy. Thus, considerable research has been focused on designing energy efficient and robust QoS routing protocols. In this paper, we present a state of the art research work based on real-time QoS routing protocols for WMSNs that have already been proposed. This paper categorizes the real-time QoS routing protocols into probabilistic and deterministic protocols. In addition, both categories are classified into soft and hard real time protocols by highlighting the QoS issues including the limitations and features of each protocol. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of mobility-aware query based real-time QoS routing protocols from each category using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). This paper also focuses on the design challenges and future research directions as well as highlights the characteristics of each QoS routing protocol.

Improving QoS Routing in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks, Using Cross-Layer Interaction and MAC Scheduling

Abstract Delivering Quality of Services (QoS) for cooperative Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) is an important issue when enabling heterogeneous wireless technologies on the client side. A standard approach for satisfying the QoS requirements of different wireless clients appears to be a complex task due to the capacity variations. In addition to the routing layer, the information at the lower layers, such as Physical and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers must be considered for providing the QoS guarantee. The strength of a signal received from heterogeneous clients at the physical layer and the coupled network capacity at the MAC layer plays an important role in the efficient path assignment and time scheduling management for routing. Therefore, this paper proposes an Adaptive Multipath-Dynamic Source Routing (AM-DSR) protocol. It supports Cross-Layer Interaction (CLI) for path assignment and MAC scheduling mechanism for slot assignment to improve the mesh backbone performance for providing multimedia services to various wireless clients in a hybrid WMN. The proposed strategy measures the cross-layer parameter, such as the network capacity, using the Signal to Noise Ratio (SINR) and assigns a route that maximizes the efficiency of the multimedia services. Finally, the performance evaluation shows that the proposed cross-layer based AM-DSR protocol provides efficient QoS support for the mesh backbone enabling connections to multiple clients.

A QoS-aware routing protocol with adaptive feedback scheme for video streaming for mobile networks

One of the major challenges for the transmission of time-sensitive data like video over mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is the deployment of an end-to-end QoS support mechanism. Therefore, several approaches and enhancements have been proposed concerning the routing protocols. In this paper we propose a new QoS routing protocol based on AODV (named AQA-AODV), which creates routes according to application QoS requirements. We have introduced link and path available bandwidth estimation mechanisms and an adaptive scheme that can provide feedback to the source node about the current network state, to allow the application to appropriately adjust the transmission rate. In the same way, we propose a route recovery approach into the AQA-AODV protocol, which provides a mechanism to detect the link failures in a route and re-establish the connections taking into account the conditions of QoS that have been established during the previous route discovery phase. The simulation results reveal performance improvements in terms of packet delay, number of link failures and connection setup latency while we make more efficient use of the available bandwidth than other protocols like AODV and QAODV. In terms of video transmission, the obtained results prove that the combined use of AQA-AODV and the scalable video coding provides an efficient platform for supporting rate-adaptive video streaming.

5G mobile terminals with advanced QoS-based user-centric aggregation (AQUA) for heterogeneous wireless and mobile networks

In this paper we present an advanced QoS provisioning module with vertical multi-homing framework for future fifth generation (5G) mobile terminals with radio network aggregation capability and traffic load sharing in heterogeneous mobile and wireless environments. The proposed 5G mobile terminal framework is leading to high performance utility networks with high QoS provisioning for any given multimedia service, higher bandwidth utilization and multi-RAT capabilities. It is using vertical multi-homing and virtual QoS routing algorithms within the mobile terminal, that is able to handle simultaneously multiple radio network connections via multiple wireless and mobile network interfaces. Our 5G proposal is user-centric, targeted to always-on connectivity, maximal network utilization, maximal throughput, seamless handovers and performances improvement by using vertical multi-homing, as well as session continuity. The performance of our proposed mobile terminal framework for 5G is evaluated using simulations and analysis with multimedia traffic in heterogeneous mobile and wireless scenarios with coexistence of multiple radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G as well as future 5G radio access networks.

An Approach to Distributed Multi-Path QoS Routing

The principal objective of the present research work is to attain QoS in routing mechanism. For this, a distributed QoS multi-path routing algorithm has been designed that finds multiple disjoint paths in a distributed way from one source to one destination. These multiple paths satisfy the given QoS requirements. The proposed algorithm DQM (Distributed QoS Multi-Path algorithm) uses local information to find multiple QoS paths as the global state information available for making routing decisions is often inaccurate in a lively environment and inaccuracy can be the cause of QoS failure. The QoS parameters that have been considered are residual bandwidth and delay. Firstly the algorithm obtains all the paths which satisfy the QoS criteria in a fully distributed fashion. At destination, these paths are again processed to identify mutually exclusive disjoint paths. Among overlapping paths, those paths will be selected whose combination of bandwidth and delay is better than other. To achieve this, fuzzy logic has been used. By applying fuzzy logic a new single metric is obtained from the input’s bandwidth and delay of the calculated paths. Based on this value, the paths are filtered to disjoint paths. Since the paths obtained at destination are already constrained paths and further these paths are refined into most optimal disjoint paths using the concept of fuzzy logic, thus the proposed strategy provides both constrained and optimal paths.

A QoS Routing Algorithm for Video Streaming in MANET

With the development of wireless communication technology, video communication over the mobile ad hoc networks has been more and more applied. How to ensure the QoS of video communication is an important problem that should be solved quickly. In this paper, we propose a QoS routing algorithm for Video Streaming in MANET. The algo- rithm introduces multi-constrained QoS routing mechanisms, optimizes paths through bandwidth, delay, service priorities and congestion degree constraints. The simulation results show that, in medium speed or low-speed MANET where nodes are concentrated, this algorithm can perform well in respects like extending the life of the nodes, reducing packet delay and improving packet delivery fraction.

Deployment of Mobile Ad-hoc Network Ticket Based QoS Routing Protocol for Healthcare

A Mobile Adhoc Network comprises of set of portable hosts which are equipped for corresponding with one another with no aid of base stations. MANET are quick evolving topology, broad exploration is going ahead to outline directing conventions for MANETs. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector convention concerns with most limited way steering and changing the courses powerfully in work space. Quality of Service (QoS) prerequisite issues are less tended to in MANETs and the motivation behind this paper is to address QoS directing in a MANET domain and concentrate principally on ticket based QoS steering convention to figure out course fulfilling certain data transmission and delay obliges. The essential thought is to utilize tickets to keep the quantity of route searching packets to abstain from flooding and to make courses progressively to accomplish proficient Quality of Service.

A Hybrid Algorithm for Preserving Energy and Delay Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

The Quality of Service (QoS) routing protocol plays a vital role in enabling a mobile network to interconnect wired networks with the QoS support. It has become quite a challenge in mobile networks, like mobile ad-hoc networks, to identify a path that fulfils the QoS requirements, regarding their topology and applications. The QoS routing feature can also function in a stand-alone multi hop mobile network for real-time applications. The chief aim of the QoS aware protocol is to find a route from the source to the destination that fulfils the QoS requirements. In this paper we present a new energy and delay aware routing method which combines Cellular automata (CA) with the Genetic algorithm (GA). Here, two QoS parameters are used for routing; energy and delay. The routing algorithm based on CA is used to identify a set of routes that can fulfill the delay constraints and then select a reasonably good one using GAs. The results of Simulation show that the method proposed produces a higher degree of performance than the AODV and another QoS method in terms of network lifetime and end-to-end delay.

A Novel QoS-Aware Routing Algorithm for Manets Based on Intelligent Water Drops

Mobile ad-hoc network operates with no pre-setup infrastructure and is one of the most active research areas. In this kind of network mobile nodes are completely independent, self managed and they are highly dynamic in nature. Therefore, traditional routing cannot work properly in this environment. Besides this, Quality of Service (QoS) of the network is very important for real time and multimedia applications for providing better throughput. But providing QoS in routing is a challenging task. Thus in this paper we introduce a novel QoS aware multipath routing algorithm, which is based on Intelligent Water Drop (IWD) algorithm and here packets follow the basic IWD properties among neighbor nodes. It provides better QoS of network which will increase network lifetime, network stability, packet delivery rate and it is also a highly adaptive routing which will support dynamic topology.

A Multi-Constrained Routing Algorithm for Software Defined Network Based on Nonlinear Annealing

Multi-constrained Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithm is always a difficult problem in routing research area, which is a NP problem. Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new network architecture, in which there’s few research on QoS routing. This paper generates the whole network virtual topology according to the characteristics of SDN, and based on the principle of simulated annealing, proposes a nonlinear annealing algorithm, which adapts to the SDN. Firstly we simplify the network topology by Dijkstra-like algorithm, and then introduce the nonlinear energy function, and then iterate the initial solution according to the simulated temperature, until find a feasible path from the source node to the destination node which satisfies the condition. Experimental results show that this algorithm has a higher success rate, better expansibility of network size, and better transplantation for the SDN than traditional QoS routing algorithm

Comparative Study of Speed Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) [1] is based on distributed event-based system that is different from the traditional communication network. The main goal of the network is to deliver a data packet with the highest efficiency and quality of service. In WSN, Quality of service (QoS) [2] is an important performance indicator, therefore the QoS routing protocols are designed to provide more efficiency and quality of service. Here they concentrate on SPEED [3] protocol (Stateless Protocol for End to End Delay) is a QoS based protocol and which provides efficiency, softness-real time communication, desired delivery speed and a low overhead over the network. MMSPEED [4] is another multi-path multi SPEED protocol, which provides more efficiency and minimal control overhead over the network. This paper represents SPEED protocol and a comparative study on several versions of SPEED protocols.

A QoS Routing Algorithm for Video Streaming in MANET

A QoS Routing Algorithm for Video Streaming in MANET