Quality Of Service Control Research Articles

QoS Management for XR Traffic in 5G NR: A Multi-Layer System View and End-to-End Evaluation

Extended reality (XR) applications are gaining a lot of momentum in the industry and consumer market. XR applications are characterized by multiple simultaneous data flows with different Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements, imposing the need for advanced QoS management in 5G networks. Compared to 4G, the 5G NR technology has been designed with enhanced QoS support, by introducing the concept of QoS flows and an additional layer for QoS handling. However, recent studies show that additional QoS enhancements are needed in 5G to support the massive adoption of XR services. 3GPP envisions to include some enhancements for XR traffic in 5G-Advanced. In this paper, we review the current 5G QoS framework and study potential design improvements to fulfill XR QoS requirements in future cellular networks. We study QoS control procedures for XR traffics at different layers of the 5G NR protocol stack, including the proper configuration of radio access and core networks. In particular, we analyze various architectures for handling the peculiarities of XR, such as time-constraint and multi-flow applications. Also, we present XR traffic adaptation mechanisms at the application layer, to properly adapt XR traffic statistics to the actual 5G radio environment, and QoS schedulers for the MAC layer, leading to cross-layer performance optimization between XR application and 5G radio access network. Finally, we provide a validation study and end-to-end evaluation of QoS control mechanisms by simulating realistic mixed traffic scenarios in a 5G NR system-level simulator based on ns-3.

Comparison between the private healthcare system and the universal healthcare system in the U.S.

The United States is one of the most developed countries in the world, but unlike most other developed countries, it does not have a universal healthcare system that provides easy and equal access for all people and communities regardless of ethnic and socioeconomic status. The private healthcare system in the United States not only drives higher costs of illness but also provides a lower quality of services than those of the universal healthcare systems. This paper compares the private healthcare system in the United States to the universal healthcare system from three perspectives: hospitalization, health insurance, and administration cost. And it finds that since the healthcare industry has higher entry barriers than most other industries, industrial monopolization appears as new businesses could not enter the industry easily, which leads to a high cost of illness. Also, the quality of services in the private healthcare system may not be guaranteed due to the lack of government direct control of fund distribution, service quality, and horizontal integrations. Furthermore, the new healthcare technology may also benefit from the universal healthcare system as a result of better resource allocation. This study indicates that the universal healthcare system may benefit care access and population health.

Multi-layer platform supply chain network equilibrium considering service level and quality control under the cap-and-trade regulation

Multi-layer platform supply chain network equilibrium considering service level and quality control under the cap-and-trade regulation

EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN CLINICAL PATHWAY TERHADAP AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY (AVLOS) PASIEN SECTIO CAESAREA (SC) DI RSI NU DEMAK

Clinical Pathway (CP) was implemented at the RSI NU Demak Hospital as quality and cost control in health services. One of the quality of services can be seen from the Average Length of Stay (AvLOS), so the implementation of CP is very important to measure its effectiveness and efficiency in reducing AvLOS as well as its efficiency in financing. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of using CP for AvLOS as well as its efficiency in financing SC patients at the RSI NU Demak Hospital for the period October 2022-May 2023. The type of this research is qualitative with used case study method. Sample data was done by documentation study in 296 SC patient medical resume document and patient transaction data as well as in-depth interviews with purposive sampling samples. The AvLOS before CP implementation was 5.2 days, after CP implementation (for seven months from November 2022 to May 2023) the AvLOS decreased to 4 days. The average efficiency of SC financing is IDR 874,670.00 (Real Hospital Tariff with LOS of 5.2 days is IDR 7,025,130.00 and with LOS of 4 days is IDR 6,150,460.00) AvLOS before and after the implementation of CP in SC patients at RSI NU Demak Hospital shows its effectiveness as seen from the reduction in AvLOS, as well as having an impact on the efficiency of treatment costs. To further increase the efficiency of financing for SC patients, including the efficiency of drug and disposable material (BHP) packages for SC operations as well as monitoring and evaluating the compliance of medical staff in using CP.

CONTROL OF QUALITY OF AUDITING SERVICES IN CONDITIONS OF MODERN INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT: THE THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL ASPECT

Introduction. In the article in theory the modern checking of quality of public accountant services and professional ethics system is investigational and she is described component elements, the functions of regulators are exposed and analyses normatively is the legal providing; the dynamics of amount of subjects of public accountant activity, amount of orders of subjects of public accountant activity, actual volume of the rendered services, middle accuses of one subject of public accountant activity, amount of verifications, is certain in connection with a receipt from physical and legal persons, and also public organs of complaints, statements, appeals from that improper implementation of professional duties was seen by the subjects of public accountant activity on results a grant by them public accountant services and accordingly amount penalty, on their result for period 2015 -2017; directions of upgrading of public accountant services are reasonable within the framework of integration. Purpose. Purpose is theoretical and practical investigation of quality of audit services and professional ethics. Results. The analysis of generalized information on audit activity during 2015-2017 indicates changes due to the introduction of new legislative acts and from the side of regulators. For gaining of the aim it is defined the next tasks: the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of audit activity and of system control of quality of audit services and professional ethics for the period of 2015-2017 years, the defining of directions of improvement of quality audit managing processes, substantiated directions of improvement of audit services quality within the framework of European integration. Subjects of mandatory quality control of audit services are subjects of audit activity that provide services for mandatory audit of financial statements. Quality control of audit services involves testing of internal procedures, verification of working documents, audit reports and other reports, contracts for the provision of audit services, internal administrative acts of the audit activity subject, which determine the policy and procedures to be applied in the provision of audit services.

Phân tích chất lượng kiểm toán tại các doanh nghiệp kiểm toán ở khu vực Đông Nam Bộ của Việt Nam

Audit quality is a determining factor in establishing trust and sustainability for businesses in the globalized business environment. It encompasses the competence of auditors, the scale of auditing firms, and whether the audit belongs to the big-four group. The quality of financial reports after auditing is evaluated from the perspective of service users and quality control agencies. However, the assessment of audit quality often relies on individual judgment. In the context of global economic integration, audit quality has become a crucial factor. Still, it requires extensive research to enhance the competitiveness of the Vietnamese auditing industry following previous audit-related incidents.

Stationary characteristics of an unlimited queue single-channel system with regard to service quality control

Stationary characteristics of an unlimited queue single-channel system with regard to service quality control

Sosialisasi Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Obat Di Puskesmas Mamajang

Drug management is a pharmaceutical service activity that starts from planning, procurement, distribution, use and disposal of drugs. The aim is to ensure the continuity and availability of efficient, effective and rational medicines, increase the competency of pharmaceutical staff, create a management information system and implement service quality control and implementation relationships in drug management at the Mamajang Community Health Center, Mamajang District, Makassar City. Collection was carried out through in-depth interview techniques and direct observation. The results of drug planning at the Mamajang Community Health Center are in accordance with the drug management guidelines which are seen based on needs at the Community Health Center. Requests for drugs are in accordance with the procedures for procuring/requesting drugs from the Health Service via LPLPO to the District Pharmacy Warehouse (GFK). The distribution of medicines at the Mamajang Community Health Center is not in accordance with the drug management guidelines from GFK and is not in accordance with the needs at the Community Health Center, due to the lack of budget from the APBD which is channeled through the City Health Service. The conclusion is that the planning and use of drugs is in accordance with procedures, while the distribution of drugs is not in accordance with drug management guidelines because the APBD budget is not channeled through the Health Service. So it is hoped that when distributing medicines from the Makassar City Health Service or (GFK) they should pay attention to the procurement/request for medicines based on the LPLPO. The high population ratio in Pamenang, Tanjung, and Gangga Districts compared to existing health facilities and personnel is a very principal problem related to health education for the community, including information about health. One of them is about the correct procedures for obtaining, using, storing and managing medicines which includes how to use special medicines. The aim of this socialization is to educate human resources at the Mamajang Community Health Center. Socialization of this program is carried out through the delivery of material, discussions, questions and answers, demonstrations by pharmacists. The participants happened to be human resources at the Community Health Center who were very enthusiastic about this program because of the participants' activeness in asking and answering questions about drug management.

Prototype of a System for Tracking Transit Service Based on IoV, ITS, and Machine Learning

The transit service in a city should be the most efficient, least polluting, most accessible, and sustainable means of transportation for its citizens. However, serious shortcomings have been detected, mainly in medium-sized cities in developing countries. These shortcomings are related to a lack of user information, insecurity, low service availability, and repeated stops in inappropriate and/or unauthorized places. Some of these shortcomings contribute to high accident rates and traffic congestion. The development of tools to improve the characteristics and conditions of transit service in cities has become an imperative need to improve the quality of life of citizens and city sustainability. Transit service tracking is relevant in aspects such as online location information to travelers and control by transport companies for compliance with speed limits, schedules, routes, and stops. This research proposes a transit vehicle tracking system based on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R) classification. The proposed system is ideal for the use of electric vehicles due to the low power consumption of the tracking device. This system uses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) tracking service architecture, Long Range (LoRa) communication technology, and its LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol. Additionally, the system offers real-time location prediction in the absence of position data. The IoV tracking device integrates a GPS-LoRa module card with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). A location prediction algorithm was implemented to train and store a prediction model with previously collected data from tracking devices. To evaluate the developed model, a case study in the city of Popayán (Colombia) was implemented, using three routes for testing. The results of the system implementation were satisfactory, obtaining an average coverage of 60.4% of the routes in the final field tests through LoRa communication. For the remaining 39.6% of the routes, location data prediction was used, with an average accuracy of 177 m with respect to the real location. Considering the obtained results, a tracking system such as the one proposed in this article can be used in the transit systems of medium-sized cities in developing countries to improve service quality and fleet control.

Lessons learned: audit of the record-keeping quality of a tertiary hospital’s mammography service

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In diagnostic centers offering mammography, periodic audit of medical archived procedures is an important component of a quality assurance program; this ensures optimal follow-up of positive cases and establishment of measures to combat any deficiencies. The study aimed to audit the record-keeping of the mammography service in a tertiary institution, with a view to improving its efficiency. A retrospective audit of request forms, questionnaires, mammograms, and reports of 1,098 women who had mammography at the radiology department of a public tertiary hospital between 2011 and 2018. An internal audit of records evaluated the completeness of clinical information on the request forms, questionnaires, accuracy of diagnosis, and state of stored mammographic films, years later. Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23 were used for the analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics, respectively. Two hundred and thirty (21%) and 791 (72%) women had screening and diagnostic mammography, respectively; their ages ranged from 31 to 85 years. Indication of study was not stated on 73 (7%) request forms and 281 (26%) request forms were improperly filled. There were 52 (4.7%) women not clerked with the questionnaire, while 158 (14%) had no clinical breast examination prior to imaging. One hundred and thirty (12%) mammograms were damaged, while 2 were missing and not reviewed. Our study revealed a significant lapse in quality of our mammography record archival system. Evidence obtained helped institute necessary measures in place for digitization and quality control of mammography services.

인공지능 통제수단으로서 주요국 규제 입법의 동향과 시사점

Major countries have establsihed the legislative regulatations to control the risks of AI. Starting from concretizing the risks associated with AI, various control measure are applied to AI with higher risks. For businesses involved in the development, application, deployment, use of AI, the main focus of the control measures is on the data management, quality control of AI systems and services, risk management, record management, personal information protection. For users of high-risk AI systems, the focus is on ensuring the right to request explanations and receive appropriate compensation for damages. These measures are being put in place to overcome the issues that traditional regulatory systems were unable to address due to AI's autonomy, unpredictability, and uncertainty. In contrast, South Korea seems to be more concerned with the legal framework for industrial promotion and technological development, and for securing national competitiveness, rather than risk control. The rapid development of AI technology, especially with the emergence of generative AI such as ChatGPT, is leading to abrupt and significant changes. Therefore, the possibility of AI risks appearing in an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable state is high. In such a situation, maximizing the utility of AI technology and minimizing its risks to enjoy its benefits is an important task for our society. This paper has reviewed and comparatively analyzed how major countries control the risks of AI. By identifying the legislative trends in major countries, By identifying the legislative trends in major countries, we have drawn insights and proposed appropriate design directions and control measures for the introduction of AI regulations in South Korea.

ENVIRONMENTALIZATION OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS

The aim of this article is to summarize and methodize the current information about ecological problems of hotel and restaurant sector, including Ukraine; to identify the main principles with the aim of ecologization of this tourism component based on world experience. Due to the current state of the world, Covid‑19 eco-friendly hotels are also in a good position. Greening is an added security health. Organic cuisine supports strong immunity. Natural and hypoallergenic materials in the hotel equipment have only a positive effect on the human body. Landscaping and interior landscaping spacious rooms provide cleaner air and favorable conditions for living, wellness, and rest. Worsening factors have emerged environmental indicators (increase in waste, mandatory individual packaging, etc.). The current state of hotel activities has led to the search for new one’s environmental measures and development strategies. In recent decades, the hotel business in Ukraine has been developing dynamically. Significant changes have been made for account of entering the market of hotel services of international networks such as Rixos, Rezidor, Hyatt, Wyndham Hotel Group. The policy of their activities contributed adjustments to the competitive position of the industry. Signs efficient hotel facility is a high level and quality control of services, environmental orientation, modern equipment and innovative technologies.

Prison health services across ten central prisons in Cameroon.

In 2021, Cameroon held approximately 26,300 inmates in 84 prisons. The Ministry of Justice manages health services in prisons. Conclusive data concerning health care in prisons are lacking. Herein, we present the results of an assessment of health care provision and delivery in 10 central prisons. We adopted mixed methods, including document review, observations, interviews with the Ministry of Justice and prison facility officials, and inmate focus group discussions (FGDs). The 6 building blocks of the World Health Organization's health system framework guided the data collection. Moreover, we collected data on imprisonment conditions. Ministerial authorisation and verbal informed consent were obtained for all activities. There were a total of 17,126 inmates, with the prison populations ranging from 353 inmates to 4,576 inmates. The majority of prisons were characterised by huge overcrowding (mean 301%). The 10 central prisons operated infirmaries with insufficient space and equipment. Compared with the civilian health sector, the numeric ratio of paramedical personnel/inmates was favourable (1:3.4 vs. 1:0.5 p. 1,000 pop, respectively). Recent admissions were screened for the coronavirus disease 2019, tuberculosis (TB), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Moreover, the inmates were diagnosed for current pathologies and lesions. For the treatment of chronic diseases and medical emergencies, the prison health services bridged service gaps on a case-by-case basis through informal arrangements with the civilian health sector. The service quality control was limited to those performed by the TB and HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome control programmes. Health data was collected and transmitted with a multitude of data collection tools, without standardisation and systematic verification. The primarily reported problems comprised the scarcity of resources and the absence of an effective oversight of resource management and service quality performance entailing governance problems. Participants in FDGs esteemed the quality of treatment as poor unless paid for in cash, and denounced severe difficulties for access to care outside the prisons when required. For meeting the standard minimum rules for the treatment of inmates, prison health care in Cameroon should fill the crucial gaps involving imprisonment conditions, access to health services, and accountability. Regarding chronic underfunding, intensifying collaboration with the civil health sector may partially address the problem.

The effectiveness of prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation

An analysis of the Yakutsk Emergency Department documentation for 2018–2022 was carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It was revealed that over a number of years, the Department has maintained a fairly high level of successful resuscitation with restored cardiac activity (increased from 0 % in 2005 to 44.7 % in 2022). The result was achieved through continuous managerial efforts (training of mobile team personnel, increasing readiness for extended resuscitation in all mobile teams, gradual acquisition of technical equipment for providing comprehensive emergency services, daily quality control of medical services provided to patients, effective functioning of the operational department). A high-quality resuscitation performed by the teams contributes to the reduced mortality from preventable causes.

Region based medical image encryption using advanced zigzag transform and 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM)

A large number of medical images are generated for diagnostic purposes, disease monitoring, research and education, quality control in health services, and so on. The secure transmission and storage of them demand a significant effort. Most of the available encryption schemes are designed for non-medical images, whereas medical images need a higher level of security and robust authentication. Additionally, in certain cases, only a specific part of the image, which may be separated into the region of interest and the region of background, medical images can be divided into these two regions. A region-based medical image encryption using a 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM) and an advanced zig zag transform is used to secure medical images. First, the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted from the original medical image using basic morphological techniques, including edge detection, dilation, and erosion. Secondly, the ROI is encrypted using a complex zigzag transform and a 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM). Advanced zigzag transform that crosses in both directions while beginning at random points to jumble the image. This new zigzag transform method is more complex than existing zigzag transform techniques because the number of sequence types is equal to the number of pixels in the plaintext image. The confused image is diffused using a random sequence created using the 2D logistic sine map approach after numerous iterations of an advanced zigzag transformation. In order to save time and computational resources, the background region pixels are eliminated during encryption. Experiments and security analyses show that the suggested approach is strong in defending against diverse assaults and can effectively secure ROI of different types and sizes of medical photos.

Impacts of land use/land cover change on wetland ecosystem services of Lake Abaya-Chamo Wetland, Rift Valley of Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Wetlands in Ethiopia provide multiple ecosystem services; they are highly affected because of Natural processes, anthropogenic activities, and limited policy attention. It aimed this study at analyzing the ecological benefits and drivers of the degradation of the Abaya-Chamo lake-wetland. A questionnaire survey of 304 Household Heads, focus group Discussion, and Landsat imagery was used. Landsat images from the last 30 years (1990-2019) were also used to identify vegetation indices and turbidity in the study area. Normalized difference vegetation, water, and turbidity indices were used for image interpretation. Mean, it used correlation and regression for data analyses. Abaya-Chamo lake-wetland offers fish, fodder, irrigation, farmland, rainfall, habitat, tourism, aesthetics, recreation, carbon sink, air quality, and climate control services. The area showed siltation-led raising turbidity and a loss of 48.9% of its swamp area from 1990 to 2019. Farm expansion, siltation, invasive plants, open access and overuse of resources, lack of legal framework, and rapid population growth were the main drivers of wetland degradation. Invasive plants result in dwindling aquatic resources, economic and tourism benefits, and changes in local climate, rapidly depleting water and lake-wetland. Thus, the government should formulate a clear policy and legal framework for the sustainable management of wetlands.

Medical Disputes on the Concept of Inspanningsverbintenis vs Resultaatsverbintenis: A Critical Review

The relationship between patients and doctors in health services is a therapeutic contract-based relationship. The therapeutic contract begins with an (unwritten) agreement where both parties are assumed to be accommodated when the agreement is reached. Agreement that can be reached include agreeing to medical action or rejecting a medical action plan. Doctors as health workers who work in the health care sector are involved in a working relationship with the hospital as a place to carry out their profession. A doctor working in a hospital also has an administrative relationship that affects rights and obligations between the two parties and responsibilities to third parties. In the relationship between patients and the hospital, patients are the recipient of health services and the hospital is the provider of such services. Hospitals are obliged to provide health services in accordance with health care standards. Doctors, patients and hospitals are in a relationship based on trust, under an assumption that doctors can cure patients' illnesses and will do the best for patients. However, this mindset has changed along with the times, science, and technology that affect the human mind. Their social-moral-oriented relationship has turned into a material-oriented one because doctors face various demands to improve their professionalism. The change in orientation above is one of the causes of medical conflicts and disputes. Conflicts arise between doctors as health service provider and patients as health service receivers. Conflicts can turn into disputes if the party who feels aggrieved has expressed dissatisfaction with the party considered to be the cause. Medical disputes have risen sharply along with the disruption of services amid the turbulence of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout 2020 and 2021. The high rate of disputes also begs question of quality control of health services. This qualitative research-based article attempted to describe and analyze the phenomenon of medical disputes at the Dr. Iskak General Hospital of Tulungagung using the conception of inspanningsverbintenis vs resultaatsverbintenis. The findings show that, in the provision of health services, there may arise four violation categories, namely: ethical violations, disciplinary violations, administrative violations, and legal (both civil and criminal) violations.

THE STUDY OF THE PERSONAL TRAITSOF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGERS OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the study of the totality of employers' requirements for the personal traits of applicants for the positions of the staff member of Quality Control Service and comparing them with the actual level of Quality Assurance Managers of an industrial enterprise. The analysis of job advertisements and employers’ needs for the position of Quality Assurance Managerhas made it possible to determine the list of the most common requirements of employers for future employees of the Quality Control Service. The study of the personal traits and skills of Quality Assurance Managers working in industrials corporations and other staff members has been undertaken based on the Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of the Emotional-Volitional sphere of the Personality developed by M.V. Chumakov. Carried out the research, the personal characteristics and traits of employees benefit to successful activities in the Quality Control Service of an industrial enterprise has been identified. The results obtained are usefulfor recruitment system to be improved. The study of the theoretical foundations of staff recruitment and the analysis of the proposed innovations to optimize the hiring policydemonstrates that thepersonal and professional traits, the intrinsic properties and skills of applicants are essential and indispensable to human resource management especially allowing for current unstable economic and epidemic situation both around the world and in our country and while active innovative development goes on. M.V. Chumakov's questionnaire in the recruitment of personnel as an additional method of evaluating candidates for the positions of supervisors in the Quality Control Service creates the core idea of the currently dominant personal traits of applicants, which, together with other recruitment methods, facilitates the decision to hire the most appropriate employee. The approach reduces the costs of training and retraining insufficiently suitable applicants for the position of Quality Assurance Managers.

Quality Control of Health Services of The National Health Insurance Era in East Java - Indonesia: Barriers and Strategy

The National Health Insurance ( JKN) system is designed to provide the availability of quality health services, but until now JKN participant have not felt the quality health care. The purpose of this study is to identify threats and weaknesses in health care quality control and formulate the implications of its strategy. The study was conducted at four Regional General Hospital (RSUD) in East Java - Indonesia, namely RSUD IbnuSina Gresik, RSUD NgudiWaluyoWlingiBlitar, RSUD dr. H. SlametMartodirdjoPamekasan, and RSUD dr. H. KoesnadiBondowoso. The sampling of research samples was conducted by purposive sampling and data retrieval with questionnaires and interviews. Analysis techniques used are external factor analysis, internal factor analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results of the study found that the barriers to quality control of JKN health services are the delay in payment of hospital claims by the Social Security Regulatory Agencyof Health (BPJS Health), INA-CBGs rate, BPJS Health Regulations and low people awareness for a healthy lifestyle. In terms of internal hospitals, fraud prevention systems have not been affective. The implication of the strategy is that hospitals must develop and implement fraud prevention information systems properly.
 Keywords: JKN; BPJS; quality control; health services

Operating Models of Construction Businesses

The construction industry plays a critical role in Taiwan’s economy. In the past, the industry yielded high profits. However, due to excess supplies in the real estate market and economic recession, the construction industry must develop suitable operating models for sustainable operations. This study explored the sustainability of the operations and management of construction businesses and compared various types of construction companies in terms of the areas of work they undertake, such as land development, product planning and design, budgeting, construction outsourcing, quality control, and after-sales service. This study organized these areas of work and conducted objective comparisons to determine how the construction industry can achieve sustainable management. The researcher of this study was a practitioner in the construction industry. This research report can serve as references for fellow industry practitioners and encourage more experts in the construction industry to provide their operational philosophies as references for their peers.