Quality Of Service Challenges Research Articles

Implementing a campus VoIP intercom VLAN: A technology review, system requirements and architecture

Voice over the internet can be used with existing Local Area Network infrastructure within an organisation such as DIT to cut down the communication costs within the campus premises. This paper presents how can VoIP intercom be set and the requirements of the system. Voice is very important method of communication and hence is important to make it cheap and easily available. In this work, a VLAN was created in the DIT LAN then an appliance IP-PBX was installed, the phones were connected to a nearest by backbone switch. With gateway of the phones being the IP-PBX and VLAN tagging of the respective connected switch ports, the phones were able to connect to the PBX. The analysis of the system during busy hour shows that the system reliable and suitable to be used if the concurrent calls do not exceed the maximum capacity of the PBX. It is on this basis that this paper tends to critically review this new technology VoIP, x-raying the different types. It further more discusses in detail the VoIP system, VoIP protocols, and a comparison of different VoIP protocols. The compression algorithm used to save network bandwidth in VoIP, advantages of VoIP and problems associated with VoIP implementation were also critically examined. It equally discussed the trend in VoIP security and Quality of Service challenges. It concludes by reiterating the need for a cheap, reliable and affordable means of communication that would not only maximize cost but keep abreast with the global technological change.

QoS Review: Smart Sensing in Wake of COVID-19, Current Trends and Specifications With Future Research Directions.

Smart Sensing has shown notable contributions in the healthcare industry and revamps immense advancement. With this, the present smart sensing applications such as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications are elongated in the COVID-19 outbreak to facilitate the victims and alleviate the extensive contamination frequency of this pathogenic virus. Although, the existing IoMT applications are utilized productively in this pandemic, but somehow, the Quality of Service (QoS) metrics are overlooked, which is the basic need of these applications followed by patients, physicians, nursing staff, etc. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive assessment of the QoS of IoMT applications used in this pandemic from 2019 to 2021 to identify their requirements and current challenges by taking into account various network components and communication metrics. To claim the contribution of this work, we explored layer-wise QoS challenges in the existing literature to identify particular requirements, and set the footprint for future research. Finally, we compared each section with the existing review articles to acknowledge the uniqueness of this work followed by the answer of a question why this survey paper is needed in the presence of current state-of-the-art review papers.

Design of Fuzzy Logic Control Framework for QoS Routing in MANET

Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together. The Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes (MNs) via wireless links. A MANET is self-configuring in telecommunications, while MN produces non-infrastructure networks that are entirely decentralized. Both the MAC and routing layers of MANETs take into account issues related to Quality of Service (QoS). When culling a line of optical discernment communication, MANET can be an effective and cost-saving route cull option. To maintain QoS, however, more or fewer challenges must be overcome. This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) methodology for specifying a probabilistic QoS guaranteed for MANETs. The framework uses network node mobility to establish the probabilistic quality of service. Fuzzy Logic (FL) implementations were added to Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) and used with the proposed FLC framework for simulation. Researchers have found that for a given node’s mobility, the path’s bandwidth decreases with time, hop count, and radius. It is resolutely based on this fuzzy rule that the priority index for a packet is determined. Also, by avoiding sending packets (PKT) out of source networks when there are no beneficial routes, bandwidth is not wasted. The FLC outperforms the scheduling methods with a wide range of results. To improve QoS within MANETs, it is therefore recommended that FLC is used to synchronize packets. Thus, using these performance metrics, the QoS-responsible routing can opt for more stable paths. Based on network simulation, it is evident that incorporating QoS into routing protocols is meant to improve traffic performance, in particular authentic-time traffic.

Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Using AI Solutions for Security, Fault Tolerance, and QoS Challenges in WSNs

The increasing relevance and significant acceptance of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) solutions have aided the creation of smart environments in a multitude of sectors, including the Internet of Things, and offer ubiquitous practical applications. We examine current research trends in WSN using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the potential application of these methods for WSN improvement in this study. We emphasize the security, fault detection and tolerance, and quality of service (QoS) concerns in WSN, and provide a detailed review of current research that used different AI technologies to satisfy particular WSN objectives from 2010 to 2022. Specifically, this study’s purpose is to give a current review that compares various AI methodologies in order to provide insights for tackling existing WSN difficulties. Furthermore, there has been minimal existing related work concentrating employing AI approaches to solve security, fault detection and tolerance, and quality of service (QoS) concerns associated to WSN, and our goal is to fill the gap in existing studies. The application of AI solutions for WSN is the goal of this work, and we explore all parts of it in order to meet different WSN challenges such as security, fault detection and tolerance, and QoS. This will lead to an increased understanding of current AI applications in the areas of security, fault detection and tolerance, and QoS. Secondly, we present a comprehensive study and analysis of various AI schemes utilized in WSNs, which will aid the researchers in recognizing the most widely used techniques and the merits of employing various AI solutions to tackle WSN-related challenges. Finally, a list of open research issues has been provided, together with considerable bibliographic information, which provides useful recent research trends on the topics and encourages new research directions and possibilities.

Review on QoS and security challenges associated with the internet of vehicles in cloud computing

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an area of research and development that has rapidly developed in the VANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) that provides a mode of smart communication between vehicle to vehicle and cloud using IoT (Internet of Things). Two-way communication between Internet-enabled automobiles and network equipment is fully supported by IoV providing faster and more reliable solutions. Moving computation to the network's periphery can speed up service delivery and drop the latency. Computing designs that are centralized (cloud computing) and decentralized (Edge computing) face the challenges of high latency, infrastructure cost, and performance deterioration. While using Cloud Computing (CC) the impact is on other areas including the transportation sector resulting in the development of the Internet of Vehicles with Cloud Computing (IoV-CC). VANET is considered to be the fastest wireless communication, In terms of quick handoffs, network availability, security, safety with the deployment of advanced applications, etc., VANET will have more advanced features and will undergo a radical change as it progresses in its development path. VANET and Cloud Computing will play a major role in providing highly efficient technology for autonomous driving, vehicle control, and intelligent systems in near future. CC is a centralized computing paradigm but is not able to address many QoS (Quality of Service) parameters like latency, throughput, and bandwidth optimization. To resolve the limitations of CC, Fog Computing (FC) is introduced in VANETs. The IoV-CC must address concerns regarding security and privacy. As a result, the security protocols used in traditional VANET and CC have had to be updated for IoV-CC and a new secure algorithm needs to be developed to have secure communication between FOG and cloud nodes. To innovate QoS in VANET for IoV-CC there is a significant absence of data dissemination and security difficulties. The purpose of this research is to explore IoV's data distribution and security acceptability with respect to centralized and decentralized computing. Further, it addresses the associated efforts and their consequences, as well as future possibilities for dealing with these difficulties, in the subsequent section.

Improving Quality-of-Service in Cluster-Based UAV-Assisted Edge Networks

With millions of devices connected together, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an emerging technology for future wireless networks. The ever-increasing number of smart devices and data hungry applications demand a high Quality-of-Service (QoS) for IoT. In conventional networks, data being sent to cloud for computational purpose leads to poor QoS. In order to address QoS challenges, mobile edge networks have emerged as a promising solution. In edge networks, bringing the networks resources closer to the end devices results in improved QoS. The maneuverability and the ease of versatile deployment coupled with cost efficiency makes unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) a promising candidate for future edge networks. The UAVs can act as edge servers to provide computational capabilities and improved services to the edge devices. Due to the flying ability, UAVs can establish better line-of-sight link with the ground devices. In this paper, we consider that the edge devices in the area of interest have to be facilitated with a certain desired QoS, which is based on the notion of outage probability of the wireless link between the UAV and the edge devices. In this context, we first propose a novel method that computes the optimum height at which UAV should hover, resulting in maximum coverage radius with sufficiently small outage probability. Then the geographical area is divided in optimal number of clusters using a novel algorithm based on K-means clustering. The method computes the optimum number of UAVs required for covering the area of interest. Each of the UAVs utilizes 3D beamforming in order to cover its own coverage area. For this purpose, we are taking coordinate transformation of the original area and forming a wide beam to cover the desired area. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method when compared to existing methods, which validate the utilization of the proposed method over large scale network applications.

Enhanced Resource Allocation Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In heterogeneous wireless networks, service providers typically employ multiple radio access technologies to satisfy the requirements of quality of service (QoS) and improve the system performance. However, many challenges remain when using modern cellular mobile communications radio access technologies (e.g., wireless local area network, long-term evolution, and fifth generation), such as inefficient allocation and management of wireless network resources in heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs). This problem is caused by the sharing of available resources by several users, random distribution of wireless channels, scarcity of wireless spectral resources, and dynamic behavior of generated traffic. Previously, resource allocation schemes have been proposed for HWNs. However, these schemes focus on resource allocation and management, whereas traffic class is not considered. Hence, these existing schemes significantly increase the end-to-end delay and packet loss, resulting in poor user QoS and network throughput in HWNs. Therefore, this study attempts to solve the identified problem by designing an enhanced resource allocation (ERA) algorithm to address the inefficient allocation of available resources vs. QoS challenges. Computer simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed ERA algorithm by comparing it with a joint power bandwidth allocation algorithm and a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm. On average, the proposed ERA algorithm demonstrates a 98.2% bandwidth allocation, 0.75 s end-to-end delay, 1.1% packet loss, and 98.9% improved throughput performance at a time interval of 100 s.

5MART: A 5G SMART Scheduling Framework for Optimizing QoS Through Reinforcement Learning

The massive growth in mobile data traffic and the heterogeneity and stringency of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of various applications have put significant pressure on the underlying network infrastructure and represent an important challenge even for the very anticipated 5G networks. In this context, the solution is to employ smart Radio Resource Management (RRM) in general and innovative packet scheduling in particular in order to offer high flexibility and cope with both current and upcoming QoS challenges. Given the increasing demand for bandwidth-hungry applications, conventional scheduling strategies face significant problems in meeting the heterogeneous QoS requirements of various application classes under dynamic network conditions. This paper proposes 5MART , a 5G smart scheduling framework that manages the QoS provisioning for heterogeneous traffic. Reinforcement learning and neural networks are jointly used to find the most suitable scheduling decisions based on current networking conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed 5MART framework can achieve up to 50% improvement in terms of time fraction (in sub-frames) when the heterogeneous QoS constraints are met with respect to other state-of-the-art scheduling solutions.

MobQoS: Mobility-Aware and QoS-Driven SDN Framework for Autonomous Vehicles

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is a cyber physical system (CPS) that is well recognized due to its distinctive applications such as passenger safety, enhanced traffic efficiency, and infotainment services. However, very recently, these CPSs have witnessed a rapid increase in the number of autonomous vehicles (AVs), and the count is expected to increase significantly in the years to come. Under such scenarios, the conventional ITS solutions would fall short due to numerous technical limitations such as reduced flexibility, poor connectivity, limited scalability, and lack of adequate intelligence. In this direction, the cloud computing paradigm would also lag behind in meeting the following expected challenges: high mobility, minimal latency, realtime services, and high quality of service (QoS). Software defined networking (SDN) and edge computing (EC) are expected to be promising solutions for modern ITS. SDN allows efficient management of networks by virtue of its decoupled data and control planes. Moreover, EC is an extension of cloud computing that allows data processing, storage, and management at the edge of the network. Thus, these promising paradigms can address the network and data processing challenges of AV networks in rea time. Further, distributed mobility management (DMM) with improvised routing capabilities in the considered setup can bring added advantages in the form of zero tunneling overhead, full-fledged control of flow table entries, QoS-driven routing decisions, and efficient interplay between the edge and the cloud. Keeping in view the potential benefits of SDN, EC, and DMM in future AV networks, this work presents a composite framework with a distributed SDN-DMM approach in ITS ecosystems. Further, conventional DMM has been improved by stacking the Optimized Routing Decision module on it. This coupling yields a mobility-aware and QoS-driven (MobQoS) SDN framework for AVs that handles both the mobility and QoS challenges of the underlying vehicular networks. Additionally, it is also designed to handle the interplay between the edge and the cloud in an optimized manner using the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D). Numerical comparisons depict that the proposed MobQoS outperforms the existing state of the art in terms of overall communication latency and bandwidth utilization. The performance assessment has been carried out using NS-3 and SUMO wherein an overall improvement of 15.95 percent has been reported in terms of end-to-end delay.

An Improved Multi-layer Cooperation Routing in Visual Sensor Network for Energy Minimization

Recent development on visual sensor networks (VSN) have shown the emergence of VSN as an important class of sensor-based distributed intelligent systems, with unique performance, complexity, and quality of service challenges. Furthermore, the popularity of VSN had attracted researchers and industries from many applications. Basically, VSN consists of a large number of low-power camera nodes, visual sensor networks support a great number of novel vision-based applications. The information provided by the camera nodes from a monitored site were collected data and processed in distributed and collaboratively. The use of multiple cameras in the network provides different views of the scene which enhances the reliability of the captured events. However, the cameras combined with the network's resource produce large amount of image data which require more energy consumption. Many research experts are working and publishing research papers on energy minimization in visual sensor network. However, there are no special attentions given by researchers on multi-layer cooperation routing in visual sensor network (VSN) particularly on the deficiency of forward-thinking innovation. This research proposed a new method that put forward the step and use (CO-VSN) multi-layer routing arrangement in visual sensor network. The performance of the proposed method is then compared with RASE protocol in different parameters and the result shows some meditation change in the stability of the network, increase the network life, reduce packet loss and energy drainage reduce in the VSNs. Even though, the RASE scheme used channel condition for movement of data and yet the proposed CO-VSN used cooperation and demonstrated better results.

Review on QoS Provisioning Approaches for Supporting Video Traffic in IEEE802.11e: Challenges and Issues

Recently, the demand for multimedia applications is dramatically increased, which in turn increases the portion of video traffic on the Internet. The video streams, which require stringent Quality of Service (QoS), are expected to occupy more than two-thirds of web traffic by 2019. IEEE802.11e has introduced HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) to provide QoS for delay-sensitive applications including highly compressed video streams. However, IEEE802.11e performance is hindered by the dynamic nature of Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video streams in which packet size and interval time are rapidly fluctuating during the traffic lifetime. In order to make IEEE802.11e able to accommodate with the irregularity of VBR video traffic, many approaches have been used in the literature. In this article, we highlight and discuss the QoS challenges in IEEE802.11e. Then, we classify the existing QoS approaches in IEEE802.11e and we also discuss the selection of recent promising and interesting enhancements of HCCA. Eventually, a set of open research issues and potential future directions is presented.

Remote health care cyber‐physical system: quality of service (QoS) challenges and opportunities

There is a growing emphasis to find alternative non-traditional ways to manage patients to ease the burden on health care services largely fuelled by a growing demand from sections of population that is ageing. In-home remote patient monitoring applications harnessing technological advancements in the area of Internet of things (IoT), semantic web, data analytics, and cloud computing have emerged as viable alternatives. However, such applications generate large amounts of real-time data in terms of volume, velocity, and variety thus making it a big data problem. Hence, the challenge is how to combine and analyse such data with historical patient data to obtain meaningful diagnoses suggestions within acceptable time frames (considering quality of service (QoS)). Despite the evolution of big data processing technologies (e.g. Hadoop) and scalable infrastructure (e.g. clouds), there remains a significant gap in the areas of heterogeneous data collection, real-time patient monitoring, and automated decision support (semantic reasoning) based on well-defined QoS constraints. In this study, the authors review the state-of-the-art in enabling QoS for remote health care applications. In particular, they investigate the QoS challenges required to meet the analysis and inferencing needs of such applications and to overcome the limitations of existing big data processing tools.

A Survey on Protocols Involving QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks

Background: The fast emerging Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and its growing demand in each and every sphere of our lives has shifted our focus on the performance of the networks involved in varied fields. Recent studies depict that the performance of network and its utilization can be enhanced by QoS (Quality of Service) routing protocol. Thus, QoS is the essence of the WSNs. So, in this paper, we would like to present a detailed survey of the various routing protocols which play a vital role in attaining the QoS in WSNs. Methods: There are various levels of QoS which are required by the WSNs depending on the applications that they focus upon. The QoS support to WSNs can be achieved by various routing protocols. Thus, a detailed research on various routing protocols is done depicting their strengths and weakness and a comparison table of various protocols on various parameters is provided. Results: The QoS basically aims to focus on the quality that is perceived by the users of various applications. The QoS facilitates the above aim in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, reduction in power of the sensor nodes, energy efficiency, bandwidth utilization, amount of through put generated and many other factors. However, there are few challenges faced by QoS which may occur due to dynamic topology and constrained resources. Even after these challenges the research suggests QoS is undisputedly the essence of WSNs. Conclusion: The QoS is very advantageous as it helps in improving the service provided to the users, and is accountable in improving the quality of output perceived by the users of various applications. Researchers have started working to overcome the challenges of QoS with the aim to minimize its constraints and maximize its multiple objectives. Keywords: Delay, QoS, Quality, Reduction, Routing, Vital.

A Near-Optimal Distributed QoS Constrained Routing Algorithm for Multichannel Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the important applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is video surveillance that includes the tasks of video data processing and transmission. Processing and transmission of image and video data in WSNs has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. This is known as Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs). WVSNs are distributed intelligent systems for collecting image or video data with unique performance, complexity, and quality of service challenges. WVSNs consist of a large number of battery-powered and resource constrained camera nodes. End-to-end delay is a very important Quality of Service (QoS) metric for video surveillance application in WVSNs. How to meet the stringent delay QoS in resource constrained WVSNs is a challenging issue that requires novel distributed and collaborative routing strategies. This paper proposes a Near-Optimal Distributed QoS Constrained (NODQC) routing algorithm to achieve an end-to-end route with lower delay and higher throughput. A Lagrangian Relaxation (LR)-based routing metric that considers the “system perspective” and “user perspective” is proposed to determine the near-optimal routing paths that satisfy end-to-end delay constraints with high system throughput. The empirical results show that the NODQC routing algorithm outperforms others in terms of higher system throughput with lower average end-to-end delay and delay jitter. In this paper, for the first time, the algorithm shows how to meet the delay QoS and at the same time how to achieve higher system throughput in stringently resource constrained WVSNs.

QoS Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networked Robotics

Wireless sensor networks and mobile robotics are two hot research topics. Integrating them leads to a wide range of new applications in many different environments such as terrestrial, underwater, underground and aerial. Where sensor networks are mainly used for large-scale monitoring and control, mobile robotics are used for performing fine-scale actions and automation. Network heterogeneity together with stringent Quality of Service (QoS) demands from applications such as voice and video make QoS support very challenging. Therefore, this paper investigates the QoS challenges in wireless sensor networked robotics and presents a novel QoS framework as solution to cope with these challenges.

Collaborative routing and data delivery architecture for commercial wireless sensor networks

Abstract Lately, wireless sensor network applications have emerged for provision of commercial services to end users. This results in commercial deployment of sensor networks which is as an important research area due to a number of design and quality of service challenges. An important technical challenge for sensor service provision to end users is managing dynamic network conditions such as unreliability of sensor nodes and network links which results in frequent service outages. This research is aimed at addressing this challenge. It presents a novel architecture which utilizes the availability of multiple sensor networks under different administrative domains, deployed in an area such that maximum network connectivity and high service availability are ensured. The architecture incorporates modifications and enhancements at the medium access control and the routing layers of sensor nodes for the collaborative operation of sensor networks. The design is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol. The proposed architecture is mathematically analyzed with regards to overheads associated with the design such as routing and communication, and techniques to minimize these overheads are recommended. Through simulations using OMNET++, we show that the proposed architecture effectively provides connectivity for disconnected nodes achieving an overall increase in throughput for all the cooperating networks.

MWSMF: a mediation framework for mobile hosts and enterprise on cloud

PurposeWeb services are going mobile. A mobile enterprise can be established in a cellular network by participating mobile hosts, which act as web service providers, and their clients. Mobile hosts enable seamless integration of user‐specific services to the enterprise, by following web service standards, also on the radio link and via resource constrained smart phones. However, establishing such a mobile enterprise poses several technical challenges, such as the quality of service (QoS), discovery aspects and proper integration solutions, for the network as well as for the mobile phone users. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the challenges and research associated with this domain and with establishing the mobile enterprise.Design/methodology/approachThe paper summarizes the challenges and research in the mobile web services domain, along with a detailed discussion of the developed mobile web service mediation framework (MWSMF). MWSMF is realized based on the enterprise service bus (ESB) technology, as an intermediary between mobile hosts and web service clients. Moreover, to scale the mobile enterprise to the loads possible in cellular networks, some of the components of MWSMF are shifted to the new utility computing paradigm, cloud computing.FindingsFrom the study it was found that ESB provides a good integration solution for the mobile enterprise research challenges. The detailed analysis of the MWSMF concludes that the mediation framework and its components are horizontally scalable, thus allowing to utilize elasticity of cloud platform to meet load requirements of mobile enterprise in an easy and quick manner.Originality/valueThe study addresses the research with providing services from smart phones and establishing mobile enterprise. The QoS challenges are addressed and the study introduces an integration framework using ESB technology. The porting of MWSMF onto the cloud is also addressed. As an added value, the research serves as a case study for porting enterprise applications to the cloud.

QoS-aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey

The adoption of wireless sensor networks by applications that require complex operations, ranging from health care to industrial monitoring, has brought forward a new challenge of fulfilling the quality of service (QoS) requirements of these applications. However, providing QoS support is a challenging issue due to highly resource constrained nature of sensor nodes, unreliable wireless links and harsh operation environments. In this paper, we focus on the QoS support at the MAC layer which forms the basis of communication stack and has the ability to tune key QoS-specific parameters, such as duty cycle of the sensor devices. We explore QoS challenges and perspectives for wireless sensor networks, survey the QoS mechanisms and classify the state of the art QoS-aware MAC protocols together with discussing their advantages and disadvantages. According to this survey, we observe that instead of providing deterministic QoS guarantees, majority of the protocols follow a service differentiation approach by classifying the data packets according to their type (or classes) and packets from different classes are treated according to their requirements by tuning the associated network parameters at the MAC layer. Design tradeoffs and open research issues are also investigated to point out the further possible research directions in the field of QoS provisioning in wireless sensor networks at the MAC layer.

A Survey on QoS based routing protocols for MANET

mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the provision of quality of service (QoS) guarantees is much more challenging mainly due to node mobility and resource constraints. Therefore it is important that routing protocols incorporate QoS metrics in route finding and maintenance to support end-to-end QoS. The traditional AODV protocol seems less satisfactory in terms of routing data to end systems. Many revisions are done to the traditional AODV protocol to meet QoS challenges focused on bandwidth, end to end delay, Packet delivery ratio, energy and mechanism overheads. Hence , it becomes very necessary for MANETS to have an efficient routing and QoS mechanism to support various application. This article extensively and exclusively studies the issues involved with QoS routing and presents an overview and comparison of existing QoS based revisions done on AODV protocol, thus providing the reader with insight into their differences and allows to highlight trends in protocol design and identify areas for future research. Keywordsof Service, QoS metrics, MANET, AODV, Routing.

Technical, commercial and regulatory challenges of qos: an internet service model perspective (by xipeng xiao and morgan kaufmann; 2008) [book review

XiPeng Xiao, in Technical, Commercial and Regulatory Challenges of QoS, manages to present an impressively comprehensive view of the provisioning of quality of service (QoS) in IP networks. After obtaining a Ph.D. degree from Michigan State University, the author became involved with product management for multiple network equipment vendors in Silicon Valley, as well as global network service providers. The author also participates in international standard organizations, including the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). However, most important, he is a technologist turned marketing person, currently in charge of product marketing in a world-leading telecom solutions provider. This unique background enables him to describe different aspects, views, and opinions: the big picture of QoS.