Quality Of Secondary Prevention Research Articles

Baseline characteristics, reperfusion treatment secondary prevention and outcome after acute ischemic stroke in three different socioeconomic environments in Europe.

The differences in vascular risk factors' and stroke burden across Europe are notable, however there is limited understanding of the influence of socioeconomic environment on the quality of secondary prevention and outcome after acute ischemic stroke. In this observational multicenter cohort study, we analyzed baseline characteristics, reperfusion treatment, outcome and secondary prevention in patients with acute ischemic stroke from three tertiary-care teaching hospitals with similar service population size in different socioeconomic environments: Bern/CH/n = 293 (high-income), Gdansk/PL/n = 140 (high-income), and Lutsk/UA/n = 188 (lower-middle-income). We analyzed 621 patients (43.2% women, median age = 71.4 years), admitted between 07 and 12/2019. Significant differences were observed in median BMI (CH = 26/PL = 27.7/UA = 27.8), stroke severity [(median NIHSS CH = 4(0-40)/PL = 11(0-33)/UA = 7(1-30)], initial neuroimaging (CT:CH = 21.6%/PL = 50.7%/UA = 71.3%), conservative treatment (CH = 34.1%/PL = 38.6%/UA = 95.2%) (each p < 0.001), in arterial hypertension (CH = 63.8%/PL = 72.6%/UA = 87.2%), atrial fibrillation (CH = 28.3%/PL = 41.4%/UA = 39.4%), hyperlipidemia (CH = 84.9%/PL = 76.4%/UA = 17%) (each p < 0.001) and active smoking (CH = 32.2%/PL = 27.3%/UA = 10.2%) (p < 0.007). Three-months favorable outcome (mRS = 0-2) was seen in CH = 63.1%/PL = 50%/UA = 59% (unadjusted-p = 0.01/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA = 0.601/0.981), excellent outcome (mRS = 0-1) in CH = 48.5%/PL = 32.1%/UA = 27% (unadjusted-p < 0.001/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA = 0.201/0.08 and adjusted-OR CH-UA = 2.09). Three-months mortality was similar between groups (CH = 17.2%/PL = 15.7%/UA = 4.8%) (unadjusted-p = 0.71/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA = 0.087/0.24). Three-months recurrent stroke/TIA occurred in CH = 3.1%/PL = 10.7%/UA = 3.1%, adjusted-p/OR CH-PL = 0.04/0.32). Three-months follow-up medication intake rates were the same for antihypertensives. Statin/OAC intake was lowest in UA = 67.1%/25.5% (CH = 87.3%/39.2%/unadjusted-p < 0.001/adjusted-p CH-UA = 0.02/0.012/adjusted-OR CH-UA = 2.33/2.18). Oral intake of antidiabetics was lowest in CH = 10.8% (PL = 15.7%/UA = 16.1%/unadjusted-p = 0.245/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA = 0.061/0.002/adjusted-OR CH-UA = 0.25). Smoking rates decreased in all groups during follow-up. Substantial differences in presentation, treatment and secondary prevention measures, are linked to a twofold difference in adjusted 3-months excellent outcome between Switzerland and Ukraine. This underscores the importance of socioeconomic factors that influence stroke outcomes, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions to address disparities in treatment and secondary prevention strategies.

Оптимизация вторичной профилактики переломов костей при остеопорозе у менопаузальных женщин и роль коморбидного метаболического синдрома

Актуальность. Остеопороз (ОП) характеризуется хрупкостью скелета и подверженностью людей переломам, обусловленным уменьшением костной массы и ухудшением микроархитектуры кости. У неменструирующих женщин ломкость костей более выражена, а остеопоротические переломы встречаются втрое чаще. Ухудшает течение ОП у менопаузальных женщин наличие коморбидного метаболического синдрома (МС) и его тяжесть, что требует совершенствования лечебных мероприятий у таких больных. Цель исследования: повысить эффективность лечения ОП у менопаузальных женщин с МС и качество вторичной профилактики у них костных переломов. Материалы и методы. В течение двух лет под наблюдением находились 28 неменструирующих женщин с ОП в возрасте от 37 до 72 лет (в среднем 50 лет). Во всех случаях наступила физиологическая менопауза. Минеральную плотность кости оценивали по Т-индексу остеоденситограмм, рентгенологическим индексам Барнетта — Нордина, Рохлина и клиновидности. В сыворотке крови исследовали показатели, которые отражали состояние костного метаболизма и МС. ­Результаты. У менопаузальных женщин, страдающих ОП, переломы бедренной кости, позвоночника, костей запястья и ІІ плюсневой диагностированы в 39 % случаев. Остеофрактуры были прямо связаны с возрастом больных, параметром остеоденситометрического индекса, наличием и тяжестью течения коморбидного МС, составляющих его факторов (IV типа гиперлипидемии и сахарного диабета второго типа), с наличием диабетической нейропатии, а также с исходными концентрациями в крови Mg, Mn, Pb и Se. Разработана оптимальная вторичная профилактика костных переломов у менопаузальных женщин с коморбидными ОП и МС, основанная на индивидуальных подходах к длительному назначению препаратов Са, Se, Zn, бисфосфонатов, ранелата Sr, фибратов и урикодепрессоров с учетом характера и тяжести течения МС. Выводы. Предложенная медицинская технология лечения ОП у неменструирующих женщин с МС позволила сократить число остеофрактур в 10 раз, уменьшить активность в крови щелочной фосфатазы и показатель остеоденситометрического индекса.

An empirical study on hospital-based prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease in Germany

PurposeUrinary stone disease is a common disease with a prevalence of 4.7% in Germany. The incidence increased over the last decades, and recurrence rates are up to 50% in the first 5 years after diagnosis. Adequate preventive measures can avoid up to 46% of stone recurrences. These numbers outline the importance of prevention. Especially among high-risk stone formers, specific diagnostics and measures are required. Published data indicate the divergence between the importance of prevention and its implementation in everyday clinical practice. This is the first survey among German urological departments highlighting medical care concerning the prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease, identifying challenges and providing recommendations for improvements.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy urological hospital departments in Germany were anonymously surveyed about measurements to prevent recurrent stone disease. The questionnaire comprised 23 items dealing with diagnostics, counselling, knowledge among doctors concerning preventive measures and difficulties in preventing recurrent urinary stone disease.ResultsSixty-three urological departments (23.8%) answered the survey. The majority perform stone analysis at first and repeat events. Most patients with urinary stone disease receive general advice on preventive measures during their hospitalization. General recommendations focus on fluid intake and lifestyle changes. However, specific diets are infrequently recommended by inpatient urologists. Diagnostics to identify high-risk stone formers are mostly insufficient, and guideline-compliant urine tests are uncommon.ConclusionThe quality of secondary prevention needs to improve considerably. The focus should be put on identifying high-risk stone formers and offering those patients specific counselling. Furthermore, general advice on dietary recommendations should be extended.

Abstract WP186: The Quality of Secondary Prevention after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack is Worse in Survivors With Disability

Introduction: Severity of stroke impacts functional outcomes after stroke, but the role of this disability on secondary prevention is unclear. We investigated the effect of disability status on secondary prevention outcomes, such as the management of risk factors, knowledge regarding secondary prevention, and long-term unmet needs. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial of community-dwelling adults with stroke/TIA in Melbourne, Australia. Demographic/clinical data were obtained from hospital records, while standardised assessments were conducted for disability, cardiovascular risk, and mood. Disability was defined using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS): no disability (mRS=0), no significant disability (mRS=1), or slight to severe disability (mRS 2-5). Two-year outcomes included the standardized cardiovascular Framingham risk score, unmet needs, and knowledge of risk factors and medications prescribed for secondary prevention. Multivariable regression models were used to determine the effect of disability status on outcomes. Results: From January 2010 to November 2013, 563 survivors of stroke/TIA were recruited: median age 70.1 years, 65% males, 79% ischemic stroke, and 29% with no disability. After a 2-year follow-up, 86% provided outcome data. In the multivariable regression analyses, when compared to participants with no significant disability, those with slight/severe disability had greater cardiovascular risk scores (odds ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.00-1.76). A dose-response effect was found for disability status and long-term unmet needs, with more unmet needs reported among those with no significant disability (incidence risk ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.21-1.99) or with slight/severe disability (incidence risk ratio 1.64, 95% CI 1.24-2.16), than in those with no disability. We found no effect of disability status on knowledge of risk factors or medications. Conclusions: After a 24-month follow-up, survivors of stroke/TIA with disability had worse risk profiles and more unmet needs than those with no disability, and may benefit from targeted care post-discharge.

Long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in countries with different socioeconomic environments: an international prospective cohort study

BackgroundHospital-based data on the impact of socioeconomic environment on long-term survival after myocardial infarction (MI) are lacking. We compared outcome and quality of secondary prevention in patients after MI living...

Intensive Nursing Care by an Electronic Followup System to Promote Secondary Prevention After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

To investigate the effectiveness of an intensive nursing care electronic followup system for cardiovascular risk management after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In total, 840 subjects who underwent PCI in a single hospital in Beijing between January 2010 and January 2012 were enrolled. All subjects were randomized into the control and intensive nursing care groups (n = 420 each group). Both groups received standard secondary prevention according to guidelines. The control group received regular followup while the intensive nursing care group was closely monitored and followed by specific nursing staff with the electronic followup system. In total, 807 subjects were followed up for 1 year. Compared with subjects in the control group, those in the intensive group had decreased levels of total cholesterol (3.99 ± 1.08 vs 3.76 ± 0.98; P < .05), systolic blood pressure (142.41 ± 11.53 vs 135.71 ± 14.57 mm Hg; P < .05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.72 ± 1.01 vs 2.42 ± 0.81; P < .05), and body mass index (25.13 ± 5.12 vs 24.23 ± 6.22; P < .05); a higher percentage with target LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L (66.99% vs 47.88%; P < .05); increased use of medication including aspirin (96.51% vs 99.26%; P < .05), clopidogrel (87.53% vs 98.77%; P < .05), statins (52.62% vs 93.10%; P < .05), β-blockers (48.63% vs 61.33%; P < .05), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (32.92% vs 61.82%; P < .05); and better dietary control and physical exercise (55.66% vs 26.18%, P < .05; 62.56% vs 38.65%, P < .05). Intensive nursing care by the electronic followup system may lead to an improvement in quality of secondary prevention after PCI, including risk factor control, the use of medication, and self-management abilities.

Long-term evaluation of systolic blood pressure and prescription of antihypertensive agents. Results from the DMP coronary artery disease (CAD), North Rhine, Germany

Purpose: The disease management programme (DMP) CAD was initiated to improve secondary prevention among CAD patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, or heart failure constitute important subgroups of the patients inscribed. Long-term analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and prescriptions of antihypertensive agents (AHA) especially in these patients are crucial with respect to the programme's evaluation. Population and methods: In 2011 a total of 5013 physicians had inscribed 222573 patients into the DMP (63.1% men, age 71.3±10.6, DMP participation 4.0±2.1 yrs.). Of these 20755 patients with diabetes, 17208 patients with myocardial infarction, and 11871 with heart failure were available for long-term analysis (2004/05-2011). Time differences were analysed by multivariate repeated measurements analysis (SBP) and nonparametric change tests for related samples (AHA). Results: Main results with regard to SBP and AHA prescription are given in Table 1. View this table: Table 1 Conclusions: During the time course of the DMP CAD significant decreases of SBP in patients suffering additionally from diabetes, myocardial infarction, or heart failure can be demonstrated. Simultaneously in these patient groups prescription of AHA steadily increases between 2004/05 and 2011. The results show that there was an improvement of quality of secondary prevention of CAD inside the DMP. Regarding the magnitude of change it is difficult to differentiate between effects of the DMP or secular trends, for which similar magnitudes of change have been reported.

Long-Term Stroke Prognosis in Relation to Medical Prevention and Lifestyle Factors

Background: Few studies have focused on the quality of secondary prevention among long-term stroke survivors. This study explores the intensity of medical intervention and the impact of lifestyle and other risk factors on the long-term stroke prognosis in a population-based setting of Swedish individuals with a history of stroke. Methods: A population-based cohort (n = 28,449) in Malmö, Sweden, was recruited during 1991–1996. Of them, 394 had a history of stroke, according to self-reported physician diagnosis and record linkage with the Stroke Register in Malmö. Information on medical intervention and lifestyle factors was collected from the questionnaire. The incidence of a cardiac event (CE) or recurrent stroke was followed for 7.5 years after the baseline examination. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 79.4% in patients with a history of stroke. Only half of them received blood-pressure (BP)-lowering medication, and 11.5% of them achieved a BP <140/90 mm Hg. Most patients with hypercholesterolemia did not receive lipid-lowering medication. Antithrombotic agents were used by 38%. Nearly one third were still smoking, and two thirds were overweight or obese. Compared to subjects without a history of stroke, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD, i.e. CE or recurrent stroke) was significantly higher in stroke survivors. The increased CVD risk was significantly associated with elevated BP levels. No significant relationship was found between CVD risk and lifestyle risk factors reported at the time of baseline examination. Conclusions: There was a large gap between recommended secondary preventive measures and their implementation in subjects with a history of stroke. Achieving recommended hypertension control may prevent a substantial proportion of the CE and recurrent strokes in this group.

Úroveň sekundární prevence ischemické choroby srdeční u českých pacientů ve studii EUROASPIRE III

Úroveň sekundární prevence ischemické choroby srdeční u českých pacientů ve studii EUROASPIRE III

Auditing secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in rural areas of Spain: An opportunity for improvement

Aim: To describe the standard of secondary prevention received by individuals with a history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Spanish rural areas, and the factors associated with low standards of quality. Methods: Medical audit of patients with a history of IHD, whose data were provided by 72 rural physicians in 12 autonomous regions (1030 cases). Quality criteria were used based on international guidelines. Multivariate analysis was employed to assess the variables associated with poor-quality attention. Results: 30.9% of patients gave target low-density lipoprotein (LDL) readings, and 68.1% reached target blood pressure (BP). Beta-blockers were taken by 48.5%. Twenty-nine per cent of patients had not visited a specialist within the previous year. The fact that patients had visited a specialist within the previous year was associated with their having followed the types of treatments recommended in the guidelines (p < 0.01) and with obtaining target LDL and BP readings (p < 0.05). Patients from the smallest villages had the lowest probability of having LDL controls and also of receiving hypolipidaemic therapy (p<0.01). Those with a past history of isolated angina had lower probability of being treated with antiaggregants than those who had experienced previous acute myocardial infarction (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The quality of secondary prevention for these patients shows there is room for improvement. Problems of accessibility exist for some groups, which may be improved with the involvement of rural primary healthcare teams.