Quality Of Relationships Inventory Research Articles

85 Improving children and families healthcare experiences through a Community Social Paediatrics model

Abstract Background The clinical presentation of children with referrals related for behavioral and school difficulties is often complex and involves environmental and psychosocial components in addition to medical considerations. Collaborative, team based, holistic and integrated approaches are standard of care for many medically complex conditions but less emphasized for what is considered more general presentations in Paediatrics. Given the complexity of patients presenting with challenging behaviors, an integrated approach should be considered as a patient centered and efficient model of care. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if using a Community Social Paediatrics (CSP) model with an interdisciplinary team can improve experiences and outcomes for families of children being assessed for challenging behaviors who also have complex psychosocial considerations. Design/Methods This pre-post study recruited families with children who had received behaviour-related Paediatric referrals. Participants received the standard of care and additional resources typical to a CSP model, including support from a social worker, home visits, and referral/funding for clinically indicated therapeutic services such as occupational therapy. Three measures were used to evaluate the experience and outcomes of patients and families prior to intake and after 12 months of care: Paediatric Integrated Care Survey (PICS), Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), and Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI). Descriptive analyses of demographics and subscale scores were conducted. Paired t-tests were conducted to detect significant changes in subscale scores across time points. Results In total, 31 caregivers completed the intake assessment and 26 of these completed the follow-up assessment for their children, who were between the ages of 5 to 14 at the time of intake. The QRI scores, which assessed the child-caregiver relationship, indicated a significant decrease in the conflict subscale between timepoints (M1=2.23, M2=1.87, p<0.005). Similarly, the CBCL scores indicated significant reductions in aggressive behaviour (M1= 68.65, M2= 64.77, p<0.05) and conduct problems (M1= 68.69, M2= 62.31, p<0.05). The PICS scores indicated families reported fewer access problems (M1= 3.35, M2= 1.19, p<0.005), and better communication with health care providers (M1= 14.53, M2= 16.92, p<0.05). Conclusion Findings indicate that aspects of the family experience and child outcomes were significantly improved after receiving care through the CSP model. In particular, the reduction of caregiver-child conflict, aggressive behaviour, and conduct problems may indicate that the child’s needs are being more effectively met, thus reducing conflict at home and school. Paediatricians should strongly consider an interdisciplinary model when seeing children for behavioral referrals. This may be especially true for those with complex psychosocial needs.

Achievement Motivation among Students in Indonesia: What is the Role of Teacher-Student Relations, Peer Relations and Moderation of Collectivist Culture?

Although there is much research related to students' achievement motivation, there is still very little research involving social relations at schools and the role of culture in these studies. This research analyses the relationship between teacher-student relations, peer relations, and achievement motivation, as well as whether collectivist culture moderates the relationship between teacher-student and peer relations on achievement motivation. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from the Student Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS), the Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) Scale, the Individualism-Collectivism Scale (ICS), and an achievement motivation scale. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis and the F. Hayes moderation test. An unexpected finding from this research is that the collectivist culture does not significantly moderate the relationship between teacher-student relations and achievement motivation; the collectivist culture does not significantly moderate the relationship between peer relations and achievement motivation, even though collectivist culture should have a strengthening effect on social relations of achievement motivation. The research results provide essential findings; namely, there is an indication of the transformation of cultural dimensions in the Z Generation who were participants in this research, so that the cultural dichotomy of individualism and collectivism becomes meaningless in the relationship among teacher-student relations and peer relations with achievement motivation. This research provides essential information on the development of science and future researchers to conduct a more comprehensive study of the dichotomy of the cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism by involving two countries with different cultural backgrounds because cultural transformation is possible.

The influence of avoidant attachment and perceived support on disclosure about involvement in donor-assisted conception to family and friends.

Do the attachment-related dimensions Anxiety and Avoidance and perceived partner and social support in recipients and donors influence disclosure to others about their involvement in donor-assisted conception (DAC)? A higher global score on attachment Avoidance was associated with greater non-disclosure about involvement in DAC by participants to relationship-specific others. Within the context of DAC, the topic of disclosure has been investigated in terms of the 'if', 'when', and the 'how' to disclose about circumstances of conception. Less focus, however, has been directed to investigating psychological theoretical frameworks that influence disclosure decisions to others, i.e. to whom information is disclosed and to what extent details are transparently revealed about the donor programme. The study was of a cross-sectional design and utilized a sample of 301 participants who were, or had been, involved in DAC, and were recruited across states of Australia. An online self-report questionnaire was completed between June 2014 and June 2017. English speaking participants consisting of 209 female recipients and 92 donors (36 sperm; 48 egg; 8 embryo donors). Of the recipients, 104 had successfully conceived children via donated gametes (68 sperm, 23 eggs, 6 embryos, and 7 recipients where both gametes were donated from 2 donors to create the embryo). Participants anonymously completed an online questionnaire consisting of five sections: Demographics, Donor Conception and Disclosure Practices, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationships Structure, the Quality of Relationship Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson correlations, independent samples t-tests, Chi-square, and ANOVA were used to explore the association between attachment Anxiety and Avoidance scores and disclosure about involvement in a DAC programme to significant others (i.e. parents, siblings, in-laws, and friends). Compared to published community cohort data, participants reported lower global scores on attachment Anxiety and Avoidance and high levels of romantic partner and social network support, suggestive of secure relationships in the overall study sample. A higher score on attachment Avoidance was associated with less disclosure to significant others in their social network (i.e. parents, siblings, in-laws, and close friends), even in the presence of strong partner support (partial r = -0.248, P = 0.005). Higher scores on attachment Avoidance were inversely associated with level of perceived partner and social network support (all P < 0.05). Irrespective of attachment scores, more than 90% of all participants agreed that a child born of DAC should be told about mode of conception. This study utilized a cross-sectional design precluding causal inferences between dimensions of insecure attachment and disclosure practices. Participants were required to self-report on the quality of their relationships with the potential for social desirability respondent bias. The study's self-selecting sample may limit generalization to participants who were dis-inclined to participate. Specifically, respondents who have an Avoidant attachment style, may have elected not to participate in the study. Given the increased use of biotechnology and digital facial recognition enabling self-discovery of the donor and the donor's extended family, non-disclosure about involvement in DAC may have consequences. An 'Avoidant' attachment style is important to assess as a potential risk factor for non-disclosure about involvement in DAC across different relational contexts (e.g. close family members and friends). Fertility counsellors should consider introducing a measure of attachment screening as a pre-emptive psychoeducational strategy during donor implications counselling. This information could be used to offer patients insight into concerns they have about DAC disclosures to key important relationships, providing a target of clinical intervention. No external funds were sought for this work. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare. N/A.

Psychological Effects of FIFA, PES, and Clash of Clans Games on Young Men at Risk of Developing Internet Gaming Disorder.

The present study aimed to investigate the psychological effects of FIFA, PES, and Clash of Clans games on young men at risk of developing internet gaming disorder (IGD). The sample consisted of 150 young men, 50 of whom were in the FIFA and PES group, 50 in the Clash of Clans group, and 50 in the control group. Two groups of young men at risk of developing IGD were compared with a control group. The participants completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI), Game Addiction Scale, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The results of the study showed that the scores of mental health problems, conflict with friends, and executive function problems in the Clash of Clans group were significantly higher than those of the FIFA, PES, and control groups. Concerning conflict with parents, the FIFA group had a higher score than the Clash of Clans and control groups. In addition, the results indicated that gaming addiction affects mental health by affecting executive functions. The Clash of Clans game has more negative effects on psychological functions.

THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP FACTORS IN HARMFUL CAREGIVER BEHAVIORS: OLDER CHILDREN CARING FOR PARENTS WITH DEMENTIA

Abstract Elder abuse by family caregivers is an often-overlooked phenomenon that affects many older adults. Especially, retirement-aged children caring for their oldest-old parents with dementia may be at greater risk of engaging in harmful or abusive behaviors, given their own age-related health issues and other competing caregiving demands. Most of the elder abuse literature has focused on general demographic predictors of elder abuse, regarding the caregiver, care recipient, and the care environment. Less attention has been paid towards relationship factors, which may play a large role among these parent-child dyads. This study examined how relationship factors are associated with potentially harmful caregiver behaviors (PHCB; e.g., screaming), which have been identified as “early warning signs” for elder abuse. Relationship factors of interest include positive and negative relationship quality measured by caregivers’ mean scores on the support and conflict subscales on the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI). We conducted in-depth interviews with 88 caregivers (65+) who are caring for their parents with dementia (90+) as the part of the Boston Aging Together Study. Regression models revealed that relationship conflict was significantly associated with higher levels of PHCB, accounting for caregiver, care recipient, and care environment characteristics. The creation of screeners to identify “high conflict” care dyads could prove useful in the early detection and intervention of potential elder abuse cases, given that caregivers may be more willing to report negative aspects of their relationship (e.g., fighting) than more obviously harmful or abusive behaviors.

Slovenian Validation of the Capacity to Love Inventory – A Preliminary Study

Our study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I, Kapusta et al., 2018). The CTL-I is a 41-item self-report questionnaire that measures the construct of capacity to love. The measure itself has been operationalized based on findings from clinical practice and psychodynamic theory and relates to both clinically relevant symptoms as well as healthier manifestations of personality. The CTL-I measures six dimensions:interest in the life project of the other, basic trust, gratitude, common ego ideal, permanence of sexual passion and loss and mourning. Due to the concept of capacity to love being closely related to relationship quality, we used the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) to examine external validity. Our final study sample consisted of 224 non-clinical adults. Overall, the Slovenian version of the CTL-I showed a satisfactory model fit, comparable to that of previous validation studies. The QRI subscales were found to correlate with most of the CTL-I factors, as well as the CTL-I subscales with each other. Because of the instrument being tested on a smaller convenience sample in this study, we believe our findings should be viewed as a preliminary attempt at validating the Slovenian translation of the CTL-I. While the results of the present study are promising, we believe additional research is needed to fully assess the psychometric properties of the Slovenian CTL-I.

Potential differences in occurrence of preterm births according to quality of relationship between mothers and fathers of the children.

Premature birth is a serious pregnancy complication that is affected by many biological as well as psychosocial factors. Several studies have shown that a mother's positive relationship with her child's father reduces the mother's stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy, promotes a healthier mother's lifestyle and thus has a positive effect on pregnancy as such. This research was therefore aimed at identifying possible differences in the incidence of premature births in mothers depending on the quality of the relationship with the father of their child. The research involved 210 mothers after childbirth in the period from October 2020 to September 2021. A questionnaire aimed at obtaining descriptive data about the mother and her child and a questionnaire aimed at determining the quality of the relationship - Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) were distributed. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine differences between groups. Of 210 children, 44 (21%) were born prematurely, 154 (73.3%) mothers were married and 176 (83.8%) lived with the father of their child in the same household. The results showed that the degree of quality of the mother's relationship with the child's father is approximately the same for mothers who gave birth prematurely and for those who gave birth at term, so there were no differences in this factor between the two groups of mothers. The results of other researchers have shown the positive impact of partners on pregnancy and the overall well-being of the mothers. However, our research has not confirmed the positive effect of the quality of the relationship between mother and father of her child on reducing the incidence of premature births. Further research is needed to clarify how specifically and whether the quality of the relationship between parents can affect the incidence of premature births at all.

The survey on the relationship between frustration and social relationships among patients with Thalassemia major in Tehran, Iran

BackgroundThalassemia patients are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression and frustration can significantly affect social relationships. PurposeThe main objective of the present study was to survey the relationship between frustration and social relationship in patients with thalassemia major. Methods100 patients diagnosed with thalassemia major were selected based on a stratified random sampling method in Mofid Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) questionnaire was used to measure three dimensions of frustration. Moreover, the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) questionnaire was employed to examine the three criteria, i.e., the perceived social support, interpersonal conflicts, and depth of relationships. All data were analyzed using analytical statistics (t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S test), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation coefficient (r)). ResultsThe results obtained from the t-test showed that social relations were not significantly different between the two male and female groups (P = 0.764). Therefore, no meaningful relationship was found between gender and the quality of social relations. Moreover, the frustration had no effect on the significant relationship among male and female patients with thalassemia major (P = 0.105). The results obtained from the Pearson correlation test showed that at the statistical level, the P-value was equal to 0.001, proving the significance of the relationship. Therefore, our analyses revealed that as the level of frustration increased, the quality of social relations decreased, and vice versa. ConclusionThe results indicated an inverse relationship between frustration and the quality of social relations.

Postnatal depression – the role of attachment and mentalization

Aim of the studyThe aim of this paper was to find differences in the quality of relationships with a partner, mother's attachment to the child, mentalization and the style of the mother's attachment between groups of women with and without postnatal depression (also referred to as postpartum depression) as measured by the EPDS questionnaire.Subject or material and methodsThe research group comprised 68 women in total. They were divided into two groups. Thirty-three women who scored more than or equal to 12 points in the EPDS questionnaire were included in the group with postnatal depression. The control group consisted of 35 women who scored below 12 points on the same scale. The following tools were used in the study: Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR), Mental Scale Task (MST), Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI), and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ).ResultsThe results obtained point out to specific differences between the two groups. The women whose EPDS score indicates postnatal depression are characterized by a weaker bond with their child, weakened mentalization capacity, their attachment patterns are more often insecure and relationship-related problems tend to occur.Discussion-ConclusionsThe conducted research shows a relationship between mentalization, attachment style and postpartum depression. Reflectiveness, a secure attachment style and a good relationship with partner can prevent postnatal depression.

Comparison of Early-Stage Mothers and Childless Women Seeking Pregnancy: Experienced Stress, Resilience and Satisfaction with Relationship with the Partner

Introduction: The birth of a child is a significant turning point in the life of a woman. It is a source of personal fulfilment, but also a great challenge. On the other hand, the inability to conceive a child in a natural way results in a serious distortion of a woman’s psychic balance. Becoming a mother is an indicator of personal fulfilment and the source of social acceptation. Therefore, both becoming a mother and the inability to conceive a child in a natural way may be seen as stressful factors that impact a woman’s life. Aim of the study: The research project aimed to analyze the differences in stress, resilience and satisfaction with relationship and sexual satisfaction between early-stage mothers, i.e., women having a child and childless women seeking pregnancy. Sample: The study involved 80 women—40 mothers and 40 infertile women. The mean age of the mothers was 31.10 yrs (SD = 3.76) and of the childless women seeking pregnancy—31.48 yrs (SD = 3.35). Both groups were homogenous with regards to education, place of residence, the form and time of their relationship with partners. Method: The perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale PSS—Polish adaptation by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik. Resilience was measured with Personal Adaptation Scale (LIRS-pl)—Polish adaptation by Malina, Pooley and Harms. The quality of the relationship was measured using the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) adapted to Polish version by Suwalska-Barancewicz, Liberska and Izdebski and the sexual satisfaction was measured with the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire by Nomejko and Dolińska-Zygmunt. Results and conclusions: Statistical analyses indicate that the participating women differ in the level of perceived stress (higher among childless women seeking pregnancy; t = 2.721; p = 0.008), the depth/intensity of the relationship (higher among childless women seeking pregnancy; t = 2.376; p = 0.020) and conflict (higher among mothers; t = −2.829; p = 0.006). This research project proved that infertility and its consequences are not only negative. The research has shown that lower levels of relationship conflicts and greater commitment occur more frequently among infertile women than among mothers. Regardless of the observed differences in the studied sample, it is noteworthy that the compared groups are also similar to some extent. They neither differed in the level of personal resilience nor perceived support. Therefore, although the two experienced issues seem to be different, they may appear psychologically similar to some extent.

Comparison of the effectiveness of quality of life therapy and compassion-focused therapy in the quality of interpersonal relationships and Meaning in Life of women with marital conflicts.

The role of family as the smallest social unit can be highly effective both in positive aspect,, and in the negative aspect . The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of quality of life therapy and compassion-focused therapy in the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life in women with marital conflicts. This study is a ‎semi-experimental ‎research with a pretest-‎posttest and follow-‎up ‎control group design. The statistical population comprised all married female students with marital conflicts. The sample included 45 of students who were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into three groups of 15 people. The first group received quality of life therapy; the second group underwent compassion-focused therapy and the third group was placed on the waiting list as the control group. For data collection, Pierce, Sarason, and Sarason Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) and Steger Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ)‎ were used. For data analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance was applied. The results demonstrated that both types of treatment have been effective in the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life. Quality of life skills have had better results in the two variables of the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life compared to compassion-focused therapy, but the difference between the groups is not significant.The results indicate that the therapies based on the quality of life and compassion in the field of family mental health have a significant effect on the quality of interpersonal relationships and meaning in life

Longitudinal association between callous-unemotional traits and friendship quality among adjudicated adolescents

IntroductionYouth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits show severe and chronic forms of antisocial behavior, as well as deficits in socioaffiliative processes, such as empathy, guilt, and prosocial behavior. Adolescence represents a critical developmental window when these socioaffiliative processes can help to deepen the strength of supportive peer friendships. However, few studies have explored the relationship between CU traits and friendship quality during adolescence. In the current study, we used data from the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine reciprocal and longitudinal associations between CU traits and friendship quality at three assessment points separated by 6 months each during adolescence. MethodsThe sample included adolescents who had interacted with the justice system (age at baseline, M = 16.04, SD = 1.14; N = 1354; 13.6% female). CU traits were assessed using the callousness scale of the self-reported Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory and friendship quality using a scale adapted from the Quality of Relationships Inventory. Models accounted for co-occurring aggression, impulsive-irresponsible traits, grandiose-manipulative traits, age, gender, location, and race. ResultsAt every assessment point, CU traits were uniquely related to lower friendship quality. Moreover, we found evidence for reciprocal effects between the first two assessment points, such that CU traits were related to decreases in friendship quality over time, while lower friendship quality simultaneously predicted increases in CU traits across the same period. ConclusionsInterventions for CU traits could benefit from including specific modules that target the social processes associated with adaptive and successful friendships, including empathic listening and other-orientated thinking.

An Investigation of the Relationship between Adherence to Voice Therapy for Muscle Tension Dysphonia and Employment, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a relationship exists between employment status, perception of life quality (ie, vocal impairment, health, life satisfaction, and social support), and adherence to voice therapy for persons with muscle tension dysphonia (MTD). This study extends recent work as it evaluates investigating the impact of social support and life satisfaction on adherence to voice therapy for MTD. A cross-sectional study of 45 individuals diagnosed with MTD who participated in voice therapy between January 2014 and December 2015 at the University of Arkansas for Medical Science's Voice and Swallowing Center in Little Rock, Arkansas participated in this study. Participants provided information regarding employment status and completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Quality of Relationships Inventory. Sixty percent of participants completed voice therapy. Patients who completed voice therapy were more likely to report gainful employment (P=0.038) or less confidence in a specific and significant personal relationship (P=0.004). This study discovered a moderate effect between employment status and adherence to voice therapy for MTD as well as relationship confidence and adherence.

Two-Dimension Assessment of Marital Functioning across Adulthood: The Quality of Relationships Inventory

Single-dimension measures of marital quality can obscure distinct effects of positive and negative aspects of relationships. The present study extended evidence regarding the two-dimension relationship quality model generally, and the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) Support and Conflict scales in particular, by examining associations with overall marital adjustment, represented continuously and as a discrete category of significant marital discord, and depressive symptoms, using younger, middle-aged and older couples. Using multilevel modeling (MLM), QRI Support and Conflict scales were independently associated with overall marital adjustment in the continuous and categorical analyses. As expected, QRI Conflict was more consistently associated with depressive symptoms than was QRI Support. Results were consistent across age and sex. Hence, the two-dimension model is applicable for continuous and more clinically relevant categorical representations of marital quality across adulthood, and the QRI Support and Conflict scales provide additional measures of positive and negative aspects of relationship quality.

Quality of close relationships and emotional regulation regarding social anxiety.

The aim of this research is to propose new models in understanding the relationship between social anxiety and experiencing positive and negative emotions and satisfaction with life in general. Its main focus is to explore the roles of different types of close relationships in these models. The sample consisted of 521 female students attending University of Rijeka and University of Pula (average age 21.21 years). The participants completed The Big Five Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Social Phobia Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Attitudes Towards Emotional Expression Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Quality of Relationship Inventory and Friendship Quality Questionnaire. The results were processed using the program LISREL 8. Two models have been tested. The first model includes the relationship between both types of social fears, beliefs about expressing emotions, emotional suppression, romantic relationship quality and the frequency of experiencing positive and negative emotions and life satisfaction. The second one included friendship quality, instead of romantic relationship quality. Both models are acceptable and draw out the powerful role of cognition in the aforementioned relations. This is achieved as a result of beliefs about the expression of emotions on other variables, and also confirms the mediatory role such beliefs have on social anxiety and emotional suppression. The models tested show the importance of the type of close relations we are following. The contribution of this research lies in the point that it offers a more detailed insight into the complex relation between social anxiety and the experiencing of emotions, as well as the quality of life in general. This is achieved in the way that structural modeling has captured a part of the mediator mechanisms that have a role in this relation.

Measuring the Capacity to Love: Development of the CTL-Inventory.

Objective: The individual capacity to love (CTL) has been linked to various mental health parameters and is considered to be an important outcome parameter of psychotherapeutic treatment. However, empirical examinations of the concept have not been conducted up to now. The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of CTL [Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I)] as a trait of personality, which is shown to be related to clinically relevant symptoms and conditions.Method: Four independent healthy samples in Austria (n = 547, n = 174, and n = 85) and Poland (n = 240) were assessed by a prototype of the CTL-I and its final shorter version in a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency of the total questionnaire and each subscale was assessed by Cronbach alpha. External validity was measured against Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Relationship Inventory, Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, Pathological Narcissism Inventory, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory according to the theoretical framework of the CTL concept. Further test–retest reliability was assessed.Results: The CFA confirmed 41 items in six dimensions: Interest in the life project of the other, Basic trust, Humility and gratitude, Common ego ideal, Permanence of sexual passion, and Acceptance of loss/jealousy/mourning. The Cronbach alphas of the total CTL-I and its subscales ranged between 0.67 and 0.90 in all samples, suggesting a valid construct. The CTL-I was moderately positively associated with quality of relationship (Support r = 0.63, Conflict r = -0.66, and Depth r = 0.66) and inversely associated with symptoms of depression (r = -0.37), pathological narcissism (r = -0.29) and promiscuity (r = -0.42). The test–retest reliability of the total CTL-I was high with r = 0.81, suggesting the stability of answers over time.Conclusion: The proposed 41-item version of the CTL-I is a psychometrically sound and validated instrument measuring six dimensions of the concept of the CTL. The reported negative associations with clinically relevant parameters such as depression, pathological narcissism and promiscuity as well as associations with relationship qualities such as conflicts, support, and depth warrant its future use in burdened populations including couples in clinical settings.

Validación del Inventario de Calidad de las Relaciones en una Muestra Peruana de Adolescentes y Asociaciones con Apego de Pares

La investigaci&oacute;n sobre relaciones entre pares y apego de pares es escasa, y m&aacute;s a&uacute;n en las poblaciones de habla hispana. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (a) adaptar el Quality of Relationships Inventory al espa&ntilde;ol y (b) evaluar sus propiedades psicom&eacute;tricas en el contexto de las relaciones de pares en una muestra de N = 269 adolescentes peruanos. La consistencia interna fue adecuada. La estructura factorial se evalu&oacute; mediante an&aacute;lisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y escalamiento multidimensional (MDS). La validez convergente se explor&oacute; a trav&eacute;s las asociaciones entre las subescalas del QRI y las subescalas de pares del Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (las correlaciones fueron entre r = 0,37 y r = 0,61) y la validez discriminante, mediante las asociaciones entre las subescalas QRI y s&iacute;ntomas internalizantes y externalizantes (las correlaciones oscilaron entre r = 0,27, y r = 0,35). Los resultados mostraron que el QRI es una herramienta fiable para la evaluaci&oacute;n de la calidad de las relaciones adolescentes entre pares dentro de un contexto peruano, tomando en consideraci&oacute;n algunas particularidades de la escala de conflicto.

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Risks for Czech and Thai Mothers.

Multiple psychosocial risk factors are linked to women's experience of postpartum depressive symptoms worldwide. This study focused on mothers in the Czech Republic (n = 126) and Thailand (n = 161), two countries where little research on mothers' experiences of postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) has been conducted. Measures included the Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Quality of Relationships Inventory, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Form A-17, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that for Czech mothers, financial concerns, partner conflict, perfectionism, maternal efficacy, and parental support were significantly related to PPDS. For Thai mothers, only partner conflict and perfectionism were significantly related to PPDS. Cultural implications for childbirth educators are discussed in the context of these risk factors.

Closeness and Conflict With the Deceased: Exploring the Factor Structure of the Quality of Relationships Inventory in a Bereaved Student Sample.

With mounting empirical evidence that interpersonal closeness and conflict with the deceased prior to death are significant predictors of grief reactions following loss, accurate empirical examination of these two constructs is of high importance. Despite the utility of the Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) in numerous domains of research, the original instrument was not constructed with a predeath, mourner-decedent relationship in mind. Therefore, this study clarified the factor structure of a modified QRI focusing on major dimensions of the predeath relationship with the deceased-dynamics that could have strong implications for the survivor's bereavement trajectory. An exploratory factor analysis of 386 bereaved adults revealed two salient factors, deemed closeness and conflict. These results suggest that the modified bereavement version of the QRI, designated the Quality of Relationships Inventory-Bereavement version, is well positioned to advance research in thanatology, with possible limitations noted in the range of relationships to which it is applicable.

Positive psychology interventions for internet addiction treatment

Internet addiction is a new form of dependence on equipment connected to the network. This type of addiction has many negative consequences, particularly in the area of social relations. Although a variety of methods have been presented for the treatment of this problem, they are in their beginning stages and studies are in progress in this field and secondly, they commonly ignore the effects of positive interventions in the treatment. Positive psychology interventions (PIs) refer to individual/group-based treatment methods that increase positive emotions and can enhance social relationships of individual(s). The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of a group-based PI in treating Internet addiction (IA). For this purpose, PI-based treatment sessions are designed and forty-eight internet-addicted university students are randomly assigned to an experiment group (n = 24)/control groups (n = 24). Measures of the severity of Internet use (SI), quality of relationships inventory (QRI), Bell's adjustment inventory (BI) and IA rate are assessed at baseline and after intervention. The results indicate that SI and IA rate in the experiment group are lower than those in the control group, while social adjustment and quality of relationships in the experiment group revealed an increase compared to the control group. According to the results, PI is an effective method for treating IA, specifically in mitigating Internet use and improving the quality of social relationships.