Quality Of Oats Research Articles

Ecological stability and plasticity of naked oat varieties under conditions of Northern Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Aim. To determine genotype-environment interaction during yield capacity and grain quality formation of naked oat varieties by stability and plasticity indices.Materials and methods. Analysis of stability and plasticity of naked oat varieties by yield capacity and technological indicators of grain quality was carried out according to Pakudin & Lopatina. Naked oat varieties bred at Nosivka Plant Breeding Experimental Station Skarb Ukrainy, Tembr and foreign varieties Salomon, Samuel, Marafon, Polskyi holozernyi were studied. Field testing were conducted concerning to cropping season duration, drought tolerance and lodging resistance.Results. Action of abiotic environmental factors on yield capacity and technological indicators of grain quality of naked oats was determined. It was found that naked oat varieties have middle indices of ecological plasticity and stability and can sharply reduce yield capacity under adverse growing conditions. The influence of environmental conditions of cropping season on yielding capacity of naked oats appears to be the decisive factor (84%), while the varietal characteristics were only 6%. Salomon and Polskyi holozernyi varieties were remarkable for low technological parameters of grain quality. Nosivka varieties Skarb Ukrainy and Tembr combine middle indices of ecological plasticity and stability for yielding capacity with high technological indicators of grain quality.Dispersion analysis showed that environmental conditions of cropping season had the greatest impact on test weight of the naked oat samples studied (57%), the effect of varieties was 13%, and influence of interaction of the factors was 30%. As for 1000 kernel weight varietal dependence was the most (64%), the impact of environmental conditions of cropping season was 29%. In the formation of hulled grains the influence of varietal characteristics was 26%, dependence on environmental conditions of cropping season was the most (49%), interaction of the factors was 25%.Conclusions. Under conditions of climate change when developing new naked oat varieties, great attention should be focused on breeding improvement of indices of ecological adaptability, particularly drought tolerance, which will expand the sowing area under this crop and will provide a stable high yield capacity over the years.

Hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin

Oat (Avena sativa L.) traditionally has been a major crop for feed and forage in Turkey. Theobjective of this research was to study hay yield and quality of oat genotypes harvested at thelate milk stage. One hundred oat varieties of worldwide origin were compared in fieldexperiments in Samsun (northern Turkey) over two growing seasons (2007-2008 and 2008-2009).Significant differences between the tested oat varieties were observed for the plant height, hayyield, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), totaldigestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV) and macro minerals (Ca, K, P and Mg).Plant height varied from 76.2 to 141.2 cm, hay yield from 6.03 to 11.83 t ha-1, crude proteinfrom 58.8 to 136.4 g kg-1 dry matter (DM), acid detergent fibre from 333.2 to 424.8 g kg-1 DMand neutral detergent fibre from 522.5 to 652.4 g kg-1 DM. The TDN ranged from 465.1 to583.3 g kg-1 and relative feed value from 80.9 to 112%. Cluster analysis grouped the 100genotypes within 7 clusters, each of which having 17, 21, 13, 12, 20, 12 and 5 genotypes. Sisko,Akiyutaka, Longchamp, Sanova, Flamingslord, Matra and Revisor were identified as the highhay yield potential genotypes. However, quality traits of these genotypes were lower than someof other genotypes. Furthermore, while some macro minerals were insufficient, others were inexcess regarding healthy feeding. Hence, some form of commercial mineral supplement wouldbe required to oat-based ration or oat should be grown in mixtures with legumes for feedingproductive livestock.

Yield of fodder oat and balance sheet of nutrients influenced by tillage practices and nutrient management

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi , 2011-12 to study the effect of tillage practices and nutrient management on growth, fodder yield and quality of oat ( Avena sativa L.). The treatments comprised of zero tillage, minimal tillage and conventional tillage in main plots and 75 per cent RDF, 75 per cent RDF + bio-fertilizers, 100 per cent RDF, 100 per cent RDF + bio-fertilizers in sub plots. Biofertilizers are Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Highest green and dry fodder yields were recorded in the plots treated with conventional tillage. Highest net available soil nutrients were recorded under plots treated with conventional tillage. In case of nutrient management highest green fodder and dry fodder yields and highest net available soil nutrients were recorded in the plots treated with 100 per cent RDF + biofertilizers ( Azotobacter and PSB).

Yield and Quality of Forage Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) Cultivars as Affected by Seed Inoculation with Nitrogenous Strains

Nitrogen availability can be enhanced with the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and it may be helpful in increasing forage yield and improving quality of oat. Therefore, a field trial to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria on forage yield and quality of oat was carried out at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements using three replications. The experiment was comprised of two integrated approaches. The first approach was oat cultivars consisting of four treatments, V1 (AVON), V2 (S-2000), V3 (S-2011) and V4 (PD2LV65) and the second approach was seed inoculation consisting of three treatments, S0 (control), S1 (Azotobacter spp.), S2 (Azospirillum spp.). Fisher’s analysis of variance technique was used for statistically interpretation of data by using least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability. Nitrogen fixing bacteria significantly affect the germination count (m2), plant height (cm), number of tillers (m2), number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller (cm2), green forage yield (t·ha-1) and dry matter yield (t ha-1). The maximum green forage yield (85.2 t·ha-1), dry matter yield (14.1 t ·ha-1) and crude protein (11.5%) were recorded where Azotobacter inoculation was applied. The interaction between cultivars and nitrogenous strains was significant for green forage yield (t·ha-1), dry matter yield (t·ha-1) and crude protein (%). Conclusion showed that cultivar Sargodha-2011 which was inoculated with Azotobacter spp. gave higher forage yield of good quality.

Effect of ploughing depth and mechanical soil loading on soil physical properties, weed infestation, yield performance and grain quality in sole and intercrops of pea and oat in organic farming

The effect of ploughing depth and mechanical soil loading on the performance of pea sole crops, oat sole crops and pea–oat intercrops was investigated in field experiments under organic farming conditions at two sites in Germany in 2009 and 2010. The two ploughing depths were short-term shallow ploughing to a soil depth of 7–10cm and deep ploughing to 25–30cm. Wheel loads of 26 and 45kN, which correspond to typical rear wheel loads of field machinery used during sowing operations, were compared to an uncompacted control. Shallow ploughing resulted in a greater penetration resistance in the 14–28cm soil layer compared to deep ploughing. An increase in mechanical soil loading intensity increased the bulk density and decreased the air capacity in the 10–15cm soil layer, whereas the penetration resistance was not affected. The annual weed infestation in pea sole crops was higher after shallow than after deep ploughing at both sites. Pea–oat intercrops compensated for the higher weed infestation after shallow ploughing at one site due to their excellent weed suppressive ability. Dependent on oat productivity, pea–oat intercrops produced comparable or higher grain and protein yields than pea sole crops. Intercropped pea yield components and grain protein yields were significantly lower than those of sole cropped peas. The ploughing depth did not affect pea grain yields in either year and oat yields in 2009. Due to a better emergence, the grain and protein yield of sole and intercropped oats were significantly higher after shallow ploughing in 2010. Mechanical soil loading did not have any effect on the yield performance of pea sole crops, oat sole crops and pea–oat intercrops in 2009. In 2010, mechanical soil loading of 26kN and 45kN decreased the pea grain yield by 12.1% and 20.8% respectively, regardless of sole or intercropped. Neither the grain yield nor the grain quality of sole and intercropped oats was affected by the mechanical soil loading in 2010. Grain and crude protein yields of total crop stands decreased with increasing mechanical soil loading after deep ploughing, whereas no significant differences were revealed after shallow ploughing. The present study confirms the positive qualities of pea–oat intercrops with regard to weed suppression and plant performance. Shallow ploughing mitigates the risk of a decrease in crop performance caused by heavy field traffic and provides an alternative to deep ploughing even in low weed competitive organically farmed grain legumes.

Effect of Different Irrigation Levels on Yield and Forage Quality of Oat (Avena Sativa)

Effect of Different Irrigation Levels on Yield and Forage Quality of Oat (Avena Sativa)

A study on the effects of foliar feeding under different soil fertilization conditions on the yield structure and quality of common oat (Avena sativa L.)

<p>The present study was conducted based on a field experiment established on very acidic medium soil (silt loam). The experimental design included 4 soil fertilization treatments: O, NPK, NPK + MgSO<sub>4</sub>. 7H<sub>2</sub>O, NPK + CaO + MgO, and 3 foliar feeding treatments: O<sub>(H2O)</sub>, Insol PK + 5% urea solution, Ekosol U. The test plant was the oat cultivar ‘Kwant’. The aim of this study was to characterize in detail the response of oats to foliar feeding under the conditions of different soil fertilization with calcium and magnesium compounds. The experimental factors applied increased the yield parameters and differentiated the nutrient content in oat grain and straw. Soil fertilization had a greater effect on the quality parameters of primary yield than the foliar fertilizers used in the study. The best production and quality effects in growing oats were obtained after the application of MgSO<sub>4</sub> and magnesium lime. Foliar feeding also affected beneficially the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the yield. Among the fertilizers used, Insol PK showed a better effect than Ekosol U, in particular on the yield structure and the amino acid composition of proteins.</p>

Effect of sowing dates, fertility levels and cutting managements on growth, yield and quality of oats (Avena sativa L.)

A two year study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 at Research Farm of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir to find out the influence of sowing dates, fertility levels and cutting management on growth, yield and quality of oats. The results revealed that September 30 sowing recorded significant improvement in green fodder yield over October 10 sowing. Crude protein content was highest in October 10 sown crop, whereas crude fibre was highest in September 20 sown crop. The fertility level of 150:70:40 (N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) significantly increased both green and dry fodder yield as well as crude protein content over 125:60:30 and 100:50:20 (N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), however crude fibre content significantly decreased with increase in fertility level. Double cut crop recorded 14.75 and 16.24% increase in green fodder yield and 3.70 and 1.36% in dry fodder yield over single cut crop during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. Moreover, double cut crop recorded higher crude protein content but lower crude fibre content. Key words: Sowing dates, fertility levels, cutting management, green and dry fodder yield, crude protein, crude fibre, oats.

Silicon leaf application and physiological quality of white oat and wheat seeds

A nutrição das plantas pode influenciar positivamente a qualidade das sementes por proporcionar maior tolerância às adversidades climáticas. Neste contexto, o silício é atualmente considerado um micronutriente e tem efeito benéfico no crescimento das plantas, especialmente Poaceaes como aveia-branca e trigo, consequentemente melhorando a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de silício no perfilhamento e teor do nutriente nas plantas e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de aveia-branca e trigo além de estabelecer correlações entre os fatores. Foram realizados dois experimentos conduzidos no inverno com as culturas da aveia-branca e do trigo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação foliar de silício (0,8% de silício solúvel, aplicado na forma de ácido ortosilícico estabilizado) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação). O teor de silício nas folhas foi determinado no florescimento; já a avaliação do perfilhamento, o número de plantas e de panículas/espigas por área foi determinado anteriormente à colheita. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada logo após a colheita por meio de testes de massa, germinação e vigor. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O teste de correlação linear de Person foi aplicado a fim de relacionar o teor de silício nas plantas, o perfilhamento e a qualidade das sementes. A aplicação foliar de silício aumenta o comprimento da raiz primária e total das plântulas de aveiabranca decorrente do maior teor de silício nas folhas. A aplicação foliar de silício aumenta a massa das sementes de trigo sem, contudo, afetar a germinação e o vigor.

Cadmium Contamination of Agricultural Soils in Catchment of Yamuna Ravine: Response of Sulfur on Yield and Quality of Oat

Continuous use of diammonium and single super phosphates having traces of cadmium (02 to 200 ppm) is contaminating agricultural soils. In order to assess the levels of cadmium contamination of semiarid Indo-gangetic soils in Yamuna ravines and crop quality, a green house study was conducted in oat crop with four levels (mg kg-1 of soil) each of cadmium (Cdo: 0, Cd1: 12.5, Cd2: 25.0 and Cd3: 50.0) and sulfur (So: 0, S1: 12.5, S2: 25.0 and S3: 50.0) in factorial randomized block design. Results revealed that increasing Cd doses significantly decreased grain (3.98 g pot-1 in Cd0 to 2.50 g pot-1 in Cd3) and straw (5.59 g pot-1 in Cd0 to 4.07 g pot-1 in Cd3) yields. Increasing Cd doses significantly enhanced Cd (g pot-1) in biological harvest (2.7 in Cd0 to 7.3 in Cd3 in grain and 5.8 in Cd0 to 23.2 in Cd3 in straw) and decreased S (g kg-1) in biological harvest in treatment (0.29 in Cd0 to 0.21 in Cd3 in grain and 0.18 in Cd0 to 0.13 in Cd3 in straw) and interactions (0.32 in Cd0 to 0.18 in Cd3 x S0 x S3 in grain and 0.20 in Cd0 x S3 to 0.11 in Cd3 x S0 in straw), over various S doses. Thus, Cd inhibited plant biochemical processes and metabolism and enhanced sink and consumption of reduced sulfur as indicated by lower S in grain and straw. Increasing S enhanced S (mg kg-1) in grain (0.21in S0 to 0.28 in S3) and straw (0.14 in S0 to 0.17 in S3) under varying Cd stress confirming mitigation in uptake, accumulation and toxicity of Cd as well as higher S translocation from aerial parts to grain. Cd recovered in biological harvest in Cd0 revealed that semi arid alluvium soils are already considerably cadmium polluted. Singnificantly higher productivity (g pot-1) was recorded in Cd0 and S2 for grain and straw i.e. 3.98 and 3.59 and 5.99 and 5.52, respectively. Among interactions, singnificantly higher productivity (g pot-1) was recorded in Cd0 x S2 for grain (4.34) and straw (6.51). Cd3 x S3 produced minimum grain (2.37 g pot-1) and straw (4.20 g pot-1) yield. Thus, S partially mitigated Cd stress upto 25 mg kg-1 of soil and also maintained higher oat yields.

Grain quality and status of oats (Avena sativa L.) during storage

The purpose of this study has been to determine the effect of storage on grain quality of three oat cultivars selected in Serbia - Dunav, Vrbas and NS Tara. Freshly harvested oats were stored at the temperature of 25?2?C for 12 and 20 months. There was a significant decrease in the volume mass (458.4 to 408.9 kg/m-3) and the absolute mass of grains (26.6 to 24.2%) during the storage. The germination potential of the grains decreased over time (96.2-94.1%). The changes in the acid degree values (3.77-3.99 ml 1(Na OH/100 g) are highly significant (p<0.01). Initially, the pH level of the fresh samples was 6.2, and it decreased to 5.8 after 20 months. Genotypes and volume mass have great effect on storage duration (?2=0.8130 ?2 =0.7621 and ?2=0.6780). The interaction between the studied factors did not show statistically significant effects on the change in germination of oat grains (p>0.05). What mostly affects an increase in the acid degree value of oat grains is storage duration, followed by a genotype and the interaction between these two factors. The studied oat genotypes show no significant differences in glassiness (p>0.05).

Needs and barriers to improve the collaboration in oral anticoagulant therapy: a qualitative study

BackgroundOral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) involves many health care disciplines. Even though collaboration between care professionals is assumed to improve the quality of OAT, very little research has been done into the practice of OAT management to arrange and manage the collaboration. This study aims to identify the problems in collaboration experienced by the care professionals involved, the solutions they proposed to improve collaboration, and the barriers they encountered to the implementation of these solutions.MethodsIn the Netherlands, intensive follow-up of OAT is provided by specialized anticoagulant clinics (ACs). Sixty-eight semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 103 professionals working at an AC. These semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively. Wagner's chronic care model (CCM) and Cabana's framework for improvement were used to categorize the results.ResultsAC professionals experienced three main bottlenecks in collaboration: lack of knowledge (mostly of other professionals), lack of consensus on OAT, and limited information exchange between professionals. They mentioned several solutions to improve collaboration, especially solutions of CCM's decision support component (i.e. education, regular meetings, and agreements and protocols). Education is considered a prerequisite for the successful implementation of other proposed solutions such as developing a multidisciplinary protocol and changing the allocation of tasks. The potential of the health care organization to improve collaboration seemed to be underestimated by professionals. They experienced several barriers to the successful implementation of the proposed solutions. Most important barriers were the lack motivation of non-AC professionals and lack of time to establish collaboration.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the collaboration in OAT is limited by a lack of knowledge, a lack of consensus, and a limited information exchange. Education was identified as the best way to improve collaboration and considered a prerequisite for a successful implementation of other proposed solutions. Hence, the implementation sequence is of importance in order to improve the collaboration successfully. First step is to establish alignment regarding collaboration with all involved professionals to encounter the lack of motivation of non-AC professionals and lack of time.

Effects of Cultivar and Environment on Nutritional Quality of Chinese Naked Oats

To understand the status of nutritional quality of Chinese naked oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars used in oat production,we collected 58 samples of 38 cultivars from six major production areas in China,which were harvested from 2007 to 2009.The nutritional compositions,including grain moisture,crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,β-glucan,and starch,were analyzed and compared among cultivars,planting sites,and harvest years.These quality parameters varied greatly among cultivars.The content of crude fat had the largest variation coefficient,which was 21.38%.In contrast,starch content had the least variation among cultivars with the variation coefficient of 6.23%.Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main components of unsaturated fatty acids in oat oil and their proportions were similar,showing a roughly 1:1 ratio.Moreover,there were differences of contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid among cultivars.In the amino acid components,sulfur amino acids (consisted of methionine and cysteine) had the largest variations among cultivars.The integrated quality of oat samples from Gansu Province was higher than that from other planting sites due to its higher contents of protein,β-glucan,linoleic acid,and lysine.Planting year had less effect on nutritional quality of oats compared with cultivar and planting site.According to cluster analysis,a few cultivars with rich β-glucan,protein,linoleic acid,lysine,or sulfur amino acid were screened out,which were propitious to oat breeding and rough material selection in oat processing industry.

Comparative study on forage yield and quality of different oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties under agro- ecological conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan

An experiment was conducted to compare the forage yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties namely: Avon, Scott, Ravi, CK-1, F-311, F-411 and PD2LV65 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2008 to 2009. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications and measuring a net plot size 1.8 × 6 m. Varieties differed significantly (P<0.05) in yield, growth and quality parameters. The variety Scott produced significantly higher green forage (71.27 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (15.67 t ha-1) than other varieties due to taller plants (159.1 cm), more number of tillers (287.5 m-2) and leaf area per plant (178.5 cm-2). It had also highest crude protein percentage (9.867%). The varieties CK-1 and Avon had highest crude fibre and total ash percentage, respectively. Keeping in view both forage yield and crude protein contents the variety Scott may be grown under the condition of Faisalabad (Pakistan). Key words: Oat, varieties, forage yield, crude protein, crude fibre.

The Effects of Different Inactivation Treatments on the Storage Properties and Sensory Quality of Naked Oat

The effects of different inactivating treatments including hot air roasting, normal-pressure steaming, high-pressure steaming, infrared roasting, and microwave heating on the storage properties and flavor quality of oats were studied. These methods significantly inactivated the lipase of oats, even if using infrared roasting treatment had a worse inhibition effect of hydrolysis. As a result, the storage properties of oats were improved with different inactivating treatments, except infrared roasting. PCA analysis showed that all the oat flours could be clearly discriminated by the electronic nose. Sensory evaluation showed that the qualities of oat flour were hot air roasting (7.25), infrared toasting (7.17), microwave heating (5.92), high-pressure steaming (5.85), and normal-pressure steaming (5.57). It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between inactivation treatment and oat flavor. That is to say dry heating resulted in more favorable sensory quality of oat flour.

Impact of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on oat (Avena spp.) yield and quality in an arid sandy soil

Oat is a promising forage crop in arid northern China where low precipitation, land degradation and shortage of forage resources for animal production during winter have accentuated the need for alternative forage crops. Our objective was to determine the growth, biomass production and grain yield plus forage quality of oat (Avena spp.) using different rates of superabsorbent polymer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) in an erosion-prone arid sandy soil with limited irrigation. Baiyan 7 (B7), a forage producing hulled oat (Avena sativa L.) and Baiyan 2 (B2), a dual purpose (grain and forage producing) naked oat (Avena nuda L.) were used. The above-ground biomass increased significantly (87.3%) in B7 and slightly (18.3%) in B2 with the application of superabsorbent polymer at 60 kg/ha. The below-ground biomass, grain yield and number of panicles as well as tiller fertility rate and relative water content were also increased significantly in B7 and slightly in B2 at the superabsorbent rate of 60 kg/ha. Weed interferences in the crop field had significant positive correlations with superabsorbent polymer rates and B2 was much more affected by weed than B7. Application of superabsorbent polymer also increased the relative feed value (RFV) in B7 and grain quality of B2. The optimum application of superabsorbent polymer in the study area would be 60 kg/ha. The B7 cultivar would be more competitive in efficiently utilizing water from the polymer for growth under water stress than B2. Key words: Oat, superabsorbent polymer, forage quality, drought stress, arid environment, Northern China.

Impact of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of forage oat (avena sativa l.)

ABSTRACT. A field trial was carried out to examine the comparative efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers alone and in different combinations to find the yield and quality contributing factors of oat ( Avena sativa L.) during 2008-09 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The treatments were tested under randomized complete block design using three replications. Significant result were found in respect of plant height (146.3 cm), number of leaves per plant (6.87), number of tillers per plant (8.02), number of tillers m -2 (336), leaf area per plant (128 cm 2 ), fresh weight per tiller (30.10g), dry weight per tiller (5.01g) and green fodder yield (74.67 t ha -1 ) in contrast to organic manures and its combination with inorganic fertilizer (inorganic sources of manures). From the present study it can be concluded to meet the needs of fodder; it is better to use inorganic sources that are more effective and quick in response while organic sources are more environmental friendly than inorganic sources.

Desempenho de forrageiras hibernais sob distintos níveis de luminosidade

Objetivou-se determinar os possíveis efeitos da restrição de luminosidade, obtida com distintas densidades de árvores de Pinnus taeda, sobre a produção e qualidade de: aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. Comum, aveia-branca (Avena sativa L.) cv. Fapa 2, azevém (Lolium multiflorum L.) cv. Comum, trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) duplo propósito cv. BRS Tarumã e ervilhaca peluda (Vicia villosa L.). Avaliaram-se três níveis de luminosidade: a sol aberto (sem presença de árvores de Pinnus taeda), 30% de restrição de radiação (usando espaçamento entre árvores de 15 × 3 m, com 222 árvores/ha) e 60% de restrição de radiação (usando espaçamento de 9 × 3 m, com 370 árvores/ha). Foram realizadas avaliações da produção de forragem, da composição química e dos componentes estruturais das plantas, do potencial hídrico das plantas, da umidade do solo, das variáveis microclimáticas e da produção de acículas. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. O azevém foi a espécie mais produtiva em todos os níveis de luminosidade, embora a ervilhaca tenha apresentado a menor redução de produção quando sombreada. Houve maior potencial hídrico nas plantas e maior umidade no solo nos ambientes sombreados, mesmo assim, a produção de forragem reduziu significativamente no sombreamento mais intenso (81%). A composição química e os componentes estruturais de todas as forrageiras estudadas também são afetados pelo aumento da restrição luminosa.

Effect of Autumn and Spring Sowing Dates on Hay Yield and Quality of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sowing dates on hay yield and quality of oat genotypes. Sixteen oat genotypes were grown over the consecutive four growing seasons in Samsun, North of Turkey. Hay yield and quality were significantly different between genotypes and sowing dates. Hay yield, Crude Protein (CP), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN), Relative Feed Value (RFV), Ca, K, P and Mg contents of hay were determined. Hay yield of the oat genotypes in the autumn sowing was higher than in the spring sowing while hay quality (CP, ADF, NDF, TDN, RFV and some elements) in the autumn sowing was lower than in the spring sowing. The hay yield of late- maturing and tall genotypes like Yesilkoy-330, Yesilkoy-1779, Faikbey and Seydisehir (12.1, 12.2, 12.4 and 12.9 t ha�, respectively) were higher compared with the other genotypes in sowed in autumn. But quality of 1 these genotypes in autumn sowing was lower than the other genotypes. In spring sowing, genotypes Samsun and Kupa had the highest hay yield and fairly high quality. Ca, K and P contents of hay were adequate for ruminants in both sowing dates but Mg content was not adequate. This study showed that sowing date had great effect on hay yield and quality potential of oat genotypes.

Yield and quality of oat in response to varying rates of swine slurry

An experiment was conducted at two locations in southern Manitoba in 2001 and 2002 to assess the effect of multiple rates of spring-applied swine slurry on seed yield, kernel quality, dry matter accumulation, protein concentration and lodging response of three adapted oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars: AC Medallion, AC Ronald and AC Assiniboia. Treatments included three rates of swine slurry, an unfertilized check and an inorganic fertilizer treatment at the recommended N rate. In spite of the nutrient variability in swine slurry, oat grain and dry matter yield remained largely unresponsive to increases in slurry rate except when residual soil nutrients were very low. Thousand kernel weight and percentage of plump kernels appeared to be affected more by environment and cultivar than by slurry rate. High rates of swine slurry did not result in high crude protein concentrations in grain or dry matter and may, under some environmental conditions, decrease protein concentrations. The data suggest that few differences exist between oat cultivars in response to the use of swine slurry as a fertilizer. The inconsistent response to slurry application indicates that oat may not be the ideal crop to use in the year of slurry application but may respond well to residual nutrients from nutrients applied in the prior year.Key words: Oat, swine slurry, grain yield, biomass yield, crop quality