Mechanical Quality Research Articles

Analyzing the structural and thermal behavior of beam sections filled with steel fiber-reinforced concrete in light-gauge steel

This study explores the use of cutting-edge materials to improve the strength and longevity of concrete constructions, with a particular emphasis on the design and functionality of light gauge steel hollow sections (LGSHS) that are filled with concrete reinforced with steel fibers (SFRC) under flexural stress scenarios. Because of its remarkable fire resistance, SFRC enhances the capabilities of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Examining member shape, fire being exposed, both concrete and steel buildings, and structural response, the study examines the mechanical qualities and reaction of LGSHS filled with SFRC. A curved trend in force against the midpoint of the displacement and a continuous 12% rise in maximum load capacity is revealed by a comparative comparison between practical and numerical results, demonstrating the synergy of composite components. Infilling LGSHS with SFRC enhances load-bearing capacity, ductility, and toughness. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are utilized at temperatures up to 1050 °C. The objective of the investigation is to determine the load-carrying capacity, strain, deformation capacity, ductility, and failure characteristics of specimens at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Experimental and analytical findings are juxtaposed with theoretical values proposed by various code provisions.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MASS MODELING BY GEOMETRICAL ATTRIBUTES OF BLACK SAPOTE (Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr.)

The fruit of black sapote (Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr.) has been consumed in Mexico and Central America since pre-Hispanic times. They contain antioxidant compounds, minerals, and vitamins, making them valuable for nutraceutical and agro-industrial applications. Despite this, there is no scientific information on the physical and mechanical characterization of the fruit that helps in the design and development of protocols and equipment for storage, handling, processing, and added value for a better use of the fruit. In the present work, the physical and mechanical qualities of physiologically ripe black sapote fruit from the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, were characterized after one day of storage after harvest under environmental storage conditions. Models were also determined for the prediction of the mass of the fruit using their dimensional characteristics, finding that the quadratic models based on the volume of the ellipsoid (R2 = 0.8919) and width of the fruit (R2 = 0.8252) were the most appropriate to predict their mass. Likewise, a maximum compressive load force of 869.99 N and an apparent modulus of elasticity of 0.0.088 MPa were determined.

Optimal seeding rate enhances seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, and yield in hybrid rice.

To determine the appropriate seeding rate for machine-transplanted hybrid rice, field experiments were conducted during 2022-2023 using the hybrid rice variety Huazhe You 210 as the material. Four seeding rate treatments were set up: 40 (T1), 60 (T2), 80 (T3) and 100g tray-1 (T4), to investigate the effects of seeding rate on the seedling quality, transplanting quality, yield formation, and economic benefits of high-quality indica hybrid rice seedlings. The results showed that with increasing seeding rate, the seedling base stem diameter and seedling plumpness of hybrid rice seedlings decreased, but the root entwining force gradually increased, leading to a deterioration in individual seedling quality but an improvement in collective characteristics. As the seeding rate increased, the missing hill rate during mechanical planting of hybrid rice significantly decreased, while the number of seedlings per hill and the damaged seedling rate showed an upward trend. The growth volume of tillers, tillering spikelet rate, and harvest index of hybrid rice in the field showed an overall downward trend with increasing seeding rate, while the accumulation of dry matter initially increased and then decreased. The yield and economic benefits of hybrid rice grains showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing seeding rate, with the highest yield and economic benefits achieved with the T2 treatment. In conclusion, the appropriate seeding rate for machine-transplanted hybrid rice is T2 (60g tray-1), which can maintain good seedling quality and improve transplanting quality, coordinate larger collective growth and appropriate harvest index, contributing to high yield and good economic benefits.

Generating sustainable cement material from seawater with low-cost ultrafiltration (UF) membrane electrolysis

Membrane electrolysis offers a promising avenue for in-situ generation of hydroxide ions (OH−), facilitating the recovery of magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions from seawater as alkaline earth hydroxide precipitates. This process paves the way for an alternative greener method in the production of raw materials for cement manufacturing compared to limestone mining. Despite its potential, the application of conventional ion migration membranes, such as anion exchange membrane (AEM) and cation exchange membrane (CEM), is hampered by their high cost and low mechanical quality, posing significant barriers to industrial scalability. In this work, we introduce the utilization of commercially available high mechanical strength ultrafiltration (UF) membrane within a two-chamber electrochemical system, repurposing it as an ion migration membrane due to its distinct advantages in terms of simplicity and relative cost-efficiency than conventional AEM. This research demonstrates that the UF membrane exhibited a comparable performance to AEM in terms of OH− production. Both membranes achieved 97–99 % removal of Mg2+ and Ca2+ within 3 h at a current density of 8 mA/cm2 and maintained comparable migration rate of SO42− ion. Compared to AEM, a notable distinction of the UF membrane is its reduced migration rate of Cl− ions, resulting in lower membrane discoloration/oxidation. Furthermore, the investigation reveals that utilizing a Na2SO4 solution as an alternative anolyte, despite being slower for OH− production, offers economic advantages and facilitates higher selective recovery of Mg2+ over Ca2+. The end products of this process, MgO and CaO, are viable raw materials for cement production, underscoring a sustainable and low carbon approach compared to conventional limestone mining of cement production.

Testing driver warning systems for off-road industrial vehicles using a cyber-physical simulator

ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) are becoming increasingly popular in on-road vehicles due to their safety, productivity, and cost savings. In the same way, off-road vehicles can benefit from ADAS systems to improve the security of drivers and workers in industrial settings. In this work, we study, design, and develop a novel security system to be integrated into industrial vehicles. This system is built to provide one-way Human Computer Interaction, from the computer to the human, so providing, through the interaction with the ADAS system, feedback to drivers about their surroundings, such as nearby workers, and thus helping to avoid collisions and prevent incidents. The study evaluates the quality of different feedback mechanisms, with the goal of designing the ADAS that produces the best User eXperience (UX). These feedback mechanisms are generated by LEDs in different display formats and colors, as well as with haptic feedback. We created a hybrid testbed using a realistic ADAS and a forklift simulator, integrating the system into a physical structure that resembles an industrial vehicle (a forklift) and used a computer-based simulation of a warehouse to gather the information from users. We performed a study with 36 people for the evaluation of the different feedback mechanisms tested, evaluating the results both from an objective point of view based on the results of the simulation, and a subjective point of view through a questionnaire and the stress of the users in each test.

Enhancement of tensile strength and fracture toughness characteristics of banana fibre reinforced epoxy composites with nano MgO fillers

Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites have drawn the attention of researchers in the creation of novel materials suitable for industrial applications. These polymer composites have favourable mechanical characteristics. Epoxy polymer's versatility and diversity make it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. The mould casting technique approach was utilised in this work to develop polymer composites using alkali-treated banana fibres and filled with MgO nanoparticle. The study was conducted on the characteristics of Nano MgO, as well as its mechanical qualities such as fracture toughness and surface morphology. The incorporation of Nano MgO enhanced the fracture toughness of the polymer composites with the addition of 1 % MgO. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the surface morphology revealed the presence of brittle fracture in the specimen.

Исследования соединений AA7075, сваренных трением с перемешиванием и ультразвуковым воздействием: механические свойства и анализ разрушения

Introduction. Joint efficiency and strength, particularly in aluminum alloys, are crucial in aerospace, defense, and industrial applications. Post-welding treatments like shot peening and laser shock peening significantly improve joint efficiency and strength, enhancing fatigue life, grain structure, and tensile strength. The purpose of the work. The literature reviewed shows that the ultrasonic vibration-assisted friction stir welding (UVaFSW) and post-weld treatment improved the mechanical properties and material flow. However, limited studies have been observed on the UVaFSW joints of AA7075-T651, considering the consequence of welding speed, tool rotation, and post-weld shot peeing treatment. The methods of investigation. The study investigates the ultrasonic vibration-assisted friction stir welded (UVaFSwed) AA7075-T651 joint's tensile strength, microhardness, microstructure, and fracture behavior, considering the impact of tool rotation, welding speed, and post-weld shot peening treatment. Results and Discussion. The post-weld treated shot-peened UVaFSWed joints demonstrated the maximum tensile strength of 373.43 MPa, the microhardness of 161 HV, and the lowest surface roughness of 15.16 µm at 40 mm/min welding speed when compared to the friction stir-welded (FSWed) joints. These results indicate that shot peening improved the mechanical properties and surface quality of the UVaFSWed joints. The high tensile strength and low surface roughness make these joints suitable for applications requiring strength and aesthetics. The fracture for the shot peened UVaFSWed joints mainly occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) during the tensile test. It could be attributed to the higher temperature experienced during welding, which resulted in grain growth and decreased material strength in the HAZ. The shot-peened UVaFSWed joint has a more uniform grain distribution than the FSWed one, which contributed to the joint's higher tensile strength. The fractured surface of the shot peened UVaFSWed joints showed larger, equiaxed, and shallow dimples, resulting in higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness compared to the conventional FSWed joints. The mechanical properties and microstructure observed in the welding zones of shot peened UVaFSWed joints are superior to those of conventional FSW joints. However, further investigation is required to determine the specific factors contributing to this localized failure at HAZ, considering the effects of shot peening parameters. This study also suggests the potential for optimizing shot peened UVaFSWed joints of AA7075-T651.

TiO2 strengthened PLA nanocomposites: A prospective material for packaging application

Due to its unique mechanical, thermal, photocatalytic, and antibacterial qualities, the ground-breaking bio-based polymer nanocomposite polylactic acid/titanium dioxide (PLA/ TiO2) is a well-known replacement for conventional plastics and is being actively researched. In this work, a route is developed to synthesize nanocomposites based on TiO2-strengthened PLA nanocomposites (PLA/ TiO2). The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using a gas permeameter, the samples oxygen permeability was determined. Water molecules were able to readily penetrate the nanocomposite, and PLA/ TiO2 nanocomposites degraded more quickly than pure PLA. The dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles affected the rate of PLA degradation. To regulate the rate at which PLA breaks down during the composting process, a certain amount of dispersed TiO2 nanofiller may also be applied. The photocatalytic activity of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated by monitoring the degradation of methyl orange and malachite green. The PLA/ TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial properties as indicated by their zone of inhibition with in addition, PLA/ TiO2 nanoparticles. decrease the amount of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), indicating up to 17 mm diameter. Their anti -virulence and bio film inhibitory nature, indicating it's potential application as surface disinfectant.

3D-bioprinted GelMA/gelatin/amniotic membrane extract (AME) scaffold loaded with keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells for skin tissue engineering

Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) is a highly adaptable biomaterial extensively utilized in skin regeneration applications. However, it is frequently imperative to enhance its physical and biological qualities by including supplementary substances in its composition. The purpose of this study was to fabricate and characterize a bi-layered GelMA-gelatin scaffold using 3D bioprinting. The upper section of the scaffold was encompassed with keratinocytes to simulate the epidermis, while the lower section included fibroblasts and HUVEC cells to mimic the dermis. A further step involved the addition of amniotic membrane extract (AME) to the scaffold in order to promote angiogenesis. The incorporation of gelatin into GelMA was found to enhance its stability and mechanical qualities. While the Alamar blue test demonstrated that a high concentration of GelMA (20%) resulted in a decrease in cell viability, the live/dead cell staining revealed that incorporation of AME increased the quantity of viable HUVECs. Further, gelatin upregulated the expression of KRT10 in keratinocytes and VIM in fibroblasts. Additionally, the histological staining results demonstrated the formation of well-defined skin layers and the creation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in GelMA/gelatin hydrogels during a 14-day culture period. Our study showed that a 3D-bioprinted composite scaffold comprising GelMA, gelatin, and AME can be used to regenerate skin tissues.

The Ripple Effect: Quality of Life and Mental Health of Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in children in Saudi Arabia. ADHD significantly impacts children and their families, particularly by increasing parental stress and diminishing quality of life. In Saudi Arabia, there is a research gap regarding the quality of life and coping mechanisms of parents managing children with ADHD. This study assesses levels of depression and anxiety, quality of life, and coping strategies among parents of children diagnosed with ADHD. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with 151 parents of ADHD-diagnosed children, utilizing the WHOQOL-Brief for life quality, the Brief-COPE for coping strategies, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depression (PHQ9-9 items) and generalized anxiety (GAD7-7 items) modules. Among the parents surveyed, 36% reported moderate to severe depression, while 39.1% experienced moderate to high anxiety levels. Quality of life was significantly positively correlated with higher household monthly income (HHI), employment status, sibling count, and effective coping strategies. Conversely, a parent's age, educational level, and, in particular, maternal status were inversely related to anxiety levels, with fathers displaying higher maladaptive coping scores. This study sheds light on the considerable anxiety and depression experienced by parents of children with ADHD, significantly affecting their quality of life. Lower quality of life among parents is associated with high levels of depression, anxiety, and ineffective coping strategies. These insights highlight the critical need for interventions to aid parental mental health, thereby improving their overall quality of life amidst ADHD challenges.

Synergistic effect of graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide nanopowder-reinforced aluminium nanohybrid composites on mechanical properties

Due to their effectiveness, lightweight materials have gained international attention in recent decades, with industrial sectors being the primary users of them. Metal matrix composites with nanohybrid reinforcement are a unique composite system combination that enhances the material’s mechanical qualities. In the present article, the mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-reinforced aluminium 7075 alloy are discussed with varying weight percentages of reinforcements prepared by the stir casting technique. 1 wt.% GNP with and 3 wt.% TiO2-reinforced composites show optimum properties within the range of reinforcement studied, with a 71.9% increment in tensile strength and an 86.6% improvement in microhardness observed; however, elongation is decreased by 31.7% in contrast to the base alloy. Maximum toughness is found to be in 0.5 wt.% GNP with 1 wt.% TiO2-reinforced nanohybrid composites. XRD results show phase analysis. SEM analysis of the fractured surface reveals a mixture of ductile and brittle fractures.

Preparation and property analysis of extruded blown Guar gum based PBAT/PLA composite film: Approach towards sustainable packaging

The study on sustainable packaging led to the development of numerous compostable polymer components for ecofriendly packaging applications. As a promising biodegradable packaging material, this study was done to evaluate the manufacture and characteristics of Guar gum/PLA/PBAT composite films via two-step extrusion procedure, Guar gum, polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) were used as the matrix ingredients to create the composite films. The impact of Guar gum content on the composite films were assessed with the help of physical, mechanical, and barrier characteristics. The findings demonstrated that with incorporation of Guar gum in the composite film increases the tensile strength upto 153.06 % while preserving their biodegradability behaviour. The developed composite films exhibit good hydrophobicity as shown by contact angle of 89.55° also decrease in water vapour permeability 26.49 gm/m2 when PLA content was increased. The composite films also demonstrated improved thermal stability up to 200 °C. The current study suggest that Guar gum/PBAT/PLA composite films have intact its compostability with enhanced mechanical and barrier qualities giving an opportunity to substitute conventional petroleum-based plastic packaging.

A facile approach to developing multifunctional archaeological wool fabric surface with self-cleaning, and UV protection properties using nano-coating

In most Egyptian museums and storage facilities, archaeological textiles face several difficulties, including liquid stains, light effects, and the effects of air pollution. The majority of them are the consequence of human intervention, inappropriate handling, and poor display techniques. This research aims to provide colorful archaeological wool fabric surfaces with UV irradiation protection and self-cleaning properties without compromising the fabric’s mechanical or aesthetic qualities. To preserve archaeological wool fabrics from different stains and harmful light radiation, two simple coating technologies (hydrophilic and hydrophobic coating) were developed for the first time. The experiment used empirically accelerated aging of natural dyed wool fabrics to produce textile models that were as analogous as possible to the archaeological textiles. In the first coating method, the surfaces of hydrophilic fabrics were created by coating wool samples with calcium-alginate and nanoscale metal oxide particles (Ca-ALG@metal oxide nanoparticles). In the second coating technique, SiO2 NPs@silicon rubber (SiO2 NPs@RTV) was applied to the wool fabrics to generate the surfaces of superhydrophobic wool fabrics. The impact of the two coating treatments was assessed on the physicochemical characteristics and preservative features of the treated and standard wool fabric samples, including mechanical characteristics, color, light radiation protection, and self-cleaning.

Study on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of WC-based Cermet Coatings Prepared by HVAF

Abstract To mitigate the risk of vapor corrosion damage to the overflow mechanical parts, WC-based metal-ceramic coatings were applied to the surface of a 45-gauge steel substrate by supersonic air-assisted flame spraying (HVAF). The mechanical and wear-resistant qualities of the coating were identified by Vickers micro-hardness, ball-disc friction, and wear test, as well as optics, scanning electron, X-ray diffractometer, and white light interferometer systems. The findings demonstrate the layered structure of the WC-based coating, which is made up of the bonded phase and its distribution of hard phase particles that are diffusely dispersed. The coating is free of cracks, inclusions, and other defects, and its structure and organization are dense with a porosity of 0.86 ± 0.05%. The phenomenon of oxidative decarburization did not occur in the process of preparing the WC hard phase for WC-based metal-ceramic coatings. As a result, the coating’s micro-hardness of 11.83 ± 0.55 GPa is eight times that of the substrate. The results of comparing the three-dimensional abrasion patterns of the coating and the substrate reveal that the coating has superior abrasion resistance because its width and depth of abrasion are smaller than that of the substrate and a lot of furrows have formed on the substrate material’s surface. In contrast, the sprayed layer only had faint traces of abrasion. After three years of actual service, the impeller surface coating is essentially unaltered, which effectively addresses the issue of vapor corrosion damage to the slurry pump’s impeller and extends the pump’s service life to guarantee the overflow mechanical components operate safely and steadily.

Modeling and radiation performance analysis of acoustically actuated magnetoelectric antennas

Bulk acoustic wave-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is the most promising acoustically actuated ultra-compact antenna scheme at ultrahigh frequency (0.3–3 GHz). However, the relevant research is still exploratory, and the antenna’s multi-field coupling modeling and performance analysis are imperfect. This work presents a cellular model based on finite element simulation to analyze the radiation characteristics of the ME antenna integrated on a thin-film bulk wave resonator (FBAR). Compared with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the cellular model has the advantages of simplicity and high universality. The effects of mechanical and dielectric losses of piezoelectric (PE) material and mechanical and eddy current losses of magnetostrictive (MS) material on radiation efficiency are analyzed through the intensive research of unit cells of four different material combinations. Results show that the mechanical quality factors and piezomagnetic stress constant are the key parameters to determine the radiation efficiency. Besides conductivity and permeability, eddy current loss is also closely related to the thickness of the MS layer. This study provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the radiation performance of ME FBAR antennas and identifying areas for further development.

Impact of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporation on Water Sorption and Solubility of Acrylic-Based Denture Soft Lining Material

Denture soft liners are specifically engineered to enhance patient performance by altering the surfaces of prosthetics that come into touch with the soft tissues within the oral cavity. Acrylic resin Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based and silicone elastomer-based are the two main types of denture soft liners. Nanotechnology was employed as a means to enhance the mechanical qualities of dentures. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on the water sorption and solubility characteristics of acrylic-based soft liners. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The surface characteristics were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This in vitro study demonstrates that including CeO2 NPs at 2% and 3% concentrations does not impact acrylic-based soft lining materials' water sorption and solubility. The solubility of CeO2 is well-recognized to be very low. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups.

Behavior of hybrid R.C. columns under the effect of fire furnace (experimental and numerical study)

ABSTRACT When fire exposes the hybrid reinforced concrete R.C. columns, it seriously damages the mechanical qualities of steel bars, concrete, and glass fiber reinforced polymer G.F.R.P. bars. This study focused on hybrid reinforced concrete R.C. columns’ behaviour and failure modes that were eccentrically and concentrically loaded during the fire until a failure. The behaviour of these R.C. columns will be quantified by demonstrating and going over the load-displacement relationships, failure mechanisms, crack patterns, strain distribution at failure, ductility, and stiffness. The number and width of cracks in the columns heated to 300 ºC, 500 ºC, and 700 ºC were significantly more than in the unheated columns. When the specimen is exposed to high temperatures, less force is needed to cause a first crack, and the ultimate strength decreases as the applied load and eccentricity ratio values increase. Hence, all specimens’ axial and lateral displacement values increase. This can be explained by two factors: the depth of the practical section because of the thermal expansion effect and the cracking expansion of concrete when subjected to high temperatures, and heating causes a loss in stiffness of column because the elasticity of concrete’s modulus of elasticity drops.

94‐3: 60 kHz Ultrasonic Actuators for Animal‐Friendly Haptic Displays

Enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and mechanical quality factor (Qm) are prerequisite for high performance of resonant piezoelectric applications (e.g., ultrasound haptic displays). We present high performance piezoelectric actuators with a resonant frequency above 60 kHz beyond audible ranges for animals. The ultrasonic actuators provide sufficient tactile feedback with a high vibration displacement, which is superior to that of many state‐of‐the‐art commercial actuators without any visible damages in plastic organic light‐emitting diode (POLED) displays. Furthermore, the actuators can be assembled into an ultrasound loudspeaker, which could facilitate the directional private sound for high‐end automotive applications.

Improved piezoelectric and photoluminescence properties in Ce-doped PSN-PMN-PT piezoelectric ceramics by multiscale coordination

The large piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and high mechanical quality factor (Qm) are essential for piezoelectric ceramics used in high-power devices. It is pity that the two parameters are usually opposite, with higher d33 corresponding to lower Qm. In order to well-balance the d33 and Qm, the rare-earth element Ce with multi-valence was introduced into the 0.06 Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.61 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 (xCe-PSN-PMN-PT) ceramics in this work. The structure, electrical properties and optical properties of ceramics were systematically analyzed. Optimal electrical performances (d33 = 719 pC/N, Qm = 256, and dielectric loss tanδ = 0.007) were obtained in 0.02Ce-PSN-PMN-PT ceramics. These excellent performances originate from the multiscale coordination effects among defect dipoles, local structural heterogeneity, domain structure, phase structure, and grain size. The xCe-PSN-PMN-PT ceramics exhibit excellent photoluminescence properties in the blue wavelength range. Our research provides a new paradigm for deep-sea electro-optical communication.

A review on guided bone regeneration using titanium mesh.

The gold standard for bone regeneration in atrophic ridge patients is guided bone regeneration (GBR). This makes it possible to get enough bone volume for an appropriate implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. The barrier membranes must meet the primary GBR design requirements, which include adequate integration with the surrounding tissue, spaciousness and clinical manageability. Titanium mesh's superior mechanical qualities and biocompatibility have broadened the indications of GBR technology, enabling it to be used to restore alveolar ridges with more significant bone defects. GBR with titanium mesh is being used in many clinical settings and for a range of clinical procedures. Furthermore, several advancements in digitalization and material modification have resulted from the study of GBR using titanium mesh. Hence, we report a review on the various characteristics of titanium mesh and its current use in clinical settings for bone augmentation.