Mechanical Quality Research Articles

High strength, high sensitivity, hydrophobic and conductive vegetable oil-based composites for human motion detection

The vulnerability of infants and young children due to their fragile bodies and inability to effectively express physical discomfort has raised widespread of concern in the society. As it continues to be difficult to develop sensors with superior mechanical qualities and response sensitivity for use in health monitoring and recognition. Here, a polymer known as, Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomer, enhanced by crosslinking which is prepared from Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), soybean oil polyol ED, and polycaprolactone triol (PCT-L) also referred to as PTIED, was prepared based on previously prepared soybean oil polyol ED and polycaprolactone triol (PCT-L) as soft segments, with IPDI as hard segments. This was followed by the preparation of the PTIED-CNT sensor by using PTIED as a matrix and hydroxyl carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a conductive filler. The mechanical properties of the obtained PTIED-CNT sensor have been enhanced, with a tensile strength of approximately 5 MPa. The sensitivity GF of the PTIED-CNT7 % can reach up to 805.67 and remains stable after 4500 seconds of continuous operation at 10 % strain. Moreover, the device can support high stability in a simulated sweat environment and exhibit antibacterial and hydrophobic, which could be used to check for small movements, such as those of the face and throat, and could also recognize sound. Therefore, its potential applications in respiratory monitoring of infants as well as other health monitoring applications are expected.

Insights on formation of oxide layers, corrosion, and hydrogen embrittlement on the Ti2AlNb (1 1 0) surface: Density functional theory study

Ti2AlNb alloys offer good mechanical qualities and promise for use in various applications, such as aero-engines and other industries. However, corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement remain important concerns and limitations for their use. In this work, first-principle density functional theory is used to investigate the adsorption of hydrogen, fluorine and oxygen on the surface of Ti2AlNb (110). The effects of the considered adsorbates on the surface were compared by analysing the adsorption energy, charge density differences, density of states, and work function. The current findings revealed that the adsorption behaviour of all the adsorbates is exothermic and spontaneous due to the negative adsorption energy. More importantly, the effect of Van der Waals forces and dispersion correction was considered, it was found that for all adsorbates the dispersion correction approach exhibited the most stable adsorption energies (EadsDFT-D) than the standard density functional theory (EadsDFT). Thus, the standard DFT underestimates the adsorption energy. Furthermore, it was shown that the adsorption energy strength is dependent on the surface adsorption site, with the Ti-Nb and Al-Nb bridge sites being the most preferred sites for hydrogen, fluorine and oxygen adsorption. Subsequently, it was discovered that oxygen adsorption on the surface of Ti2AlNb (110) was more thermodynamically stable than hydrogen and fluorine. This suggests that the Ti2AlNb surface will likely suffer from oxidation rather than corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement. In addition, surface atoms showed electron-charge depletion, while adsorbates showed charge accumulation. The adsorption caused charge density redistribution and altered the surface work function.

The Quality Study of Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-TiO2 Composites from Pokea (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) Shell Waste by Hydrothermal, Microwave and Precipitation Methods

Research on the quality study of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-TiO2 composites from Pokea (batissa violacea var. celebensis) clamshell waste by hydrothermal, microwave and precipitation methods have been successfully conducted. This study aims to determine the characteristics and quality of HAp-TiO composites2 synthesized from Pokea clam shell using three different methods, namely hydrothermal, microwave and precipitation. FTIR characterization showed the absorption of PO4-3 functional groups in the wave number range 567-1091 cm-1, -OH and -NH groups at wave numbers 3444-3448 cm-1, and Ti-O groups at 567-632 cm-1. XRD analysis revealed a diffraction pattern at 2θ = 26.67o, with crystal sizes of HAp-TiO2 material of 80.20 nm, 71.47 nm, and 73.28 nm for hydrothermal, microwave and precipitation methods, respectively. The mechanical properties showed that the highest compressive strength of the HAp-TiO2 composite was obtained in the hydrothermal method (6.07 MPa), followed by the precipitation method (5.19 MPa) and microwave (5.08 MPa). The material density test results for the hydrothermal, microwave and precipitation methods were recorded at 2.27 MPa, 2.12 MPa, and 1.73 MPa. The test results showed the highest value in the hydrothermal method of 24.24 MPa, while the microwave and precipitation methods produced hardness of 18.61 and 18.83 MPa, respectively. Digital optical microscope analysis showed the surface morphology of the material to be uniform, refined grains with pores. The results in this study indicate that the hydrothermal method produces composites with better mechanical quality and crystal structure than other methods.

Study on grinding removal mechanism and surface quality of graphene toughened ZrB2 ceramic matrix composites

Graphene toughened ZrB2 ceramic matrix composites have excellent properties such as wear resistance, heat resistance, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and so on, making them the ideal materials for high-temperature component production, including aircraft wing leading edges and nose cones. Due to its special structure, the grinding machining mechanism is quite different from that of conventional ceramic materials. To achieve high efficiency and low damage machining of graphene toughened ZrB2 ceramic matrix composite parts, the removal mechanism and surface quality are investigated in this paper. Firstly, the SPH simulation model of graphene toughened ZrB2 ceramic matrix composites with abrasive grain indentation and scratching are established. Then the material removal mechanism under different grinding parameters is analyzed through simulation and experiment, and the toughening mechanism of graphene is comprehensively analyzed. Finally, a single-factor experiment is conducted to analyse the influence of grinding parameters on surface quality. The results show that toughened form of graphene during the grinding process is predominantly focused on crack deflection, graphene pulling out and graphene crack bridging, in which graphene plays a superior toughening effect. It can be found that few cracks will cross the grain boundary and expand to other grains, which reflects the barrier effect of grain boundary on crack propagation. As grinding depth and feeding rate increase, Sa and Sz increase by about 12 % and 30 %, respectively. And a decline in surface quality, and an increased number of internal cracks, a heightened brittle fracture phenomenon. The removal form is transformed from plastic removal to brittle removal. The grinding speed increases, Sa decreased by 16.6 %, Sz decreased by 38.4 %, and material profile height decreased by 38.3 %, the surface quality is improved. The number of cracks decreases, the brittle spalling area of the material gradually decreases, and the removal form changes from brittle removal to plastic removal. This study serves as a valuable guide and reference for the grinding process of graphene toughened ZrB2 ceramic matrix composite parts.

High mechanical quality factor and high piezoelectric coefficient achieved via acceptor-modified invisible boundary

High mechanical quality factor (Qm) and high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) are desired for high-power applications of piezoelectric ceramics. However, achieving them based on currently known mechanisms has proven challenging because of the tradeoff between Qm and d33. Here we report a surprising finding that this tradeoff can be overcome via acceptor-modified invisible-boundary (IB). High Qm ∼1096 and high d33 ∼337 pC/N were achieved and superior to those of both lead-free and commercial lead-based piezoceramics. The acceptor-modified IB was demonstrated in Fe-doped BaTi0.89Hf0.11O3 ceramics, where the acceptor doping in the IB composition increases Qm by ∼8.6 times and d33 by ∼1.5 times, being different from the acceptor doping effect in morphotropic/polymorphic phase boundary (MPB/PPB) compositions of increasing Qm but decreasing d33. We predict that our finding may also be made in other acceptor-modified IB systems and the obtained high-performance BaTiO3-based piezoceramic could provide an alternative to lead-based piezoceramics in underwater applications.

Novel Multipoint-drive Rotary Actuator for Extraterrestrial Celestial Ultrasonic Driller

Ultrasonic drilling has emerged as a prominent technique in extraterrestrial environments due to its advantageous features. However, its application in extraterrestrial sampling missions is constrained by challenges such as drilling, chip removal efficiency, and high and low temperature adaptability. Addressing these limitations, this study introduces a novel multi-point driven rotary helical longitudinal torsion horn. The initial phase involved a detailed analysis of the actuator’s structure and operational principle. Subsequently, the actuator’s vibration mode and elliptical motion trajectory were validated through finite element simulation. The study further explores a methodology for adjusting the parameters of the helical groove and the displacement amplitude of the impact head. Following the theoretical analysis, prototypes of the actuator and drill were fabricated. Their adaptability to high and low temperatures, as well as their output characteristics, were rigorously tested. Experimental results demonstrate that with an increase in temperature, the dynamic impedance of the actuator initially rises before decreasing, while the mechanical quality factor exhibits the opposite trend. Notably, the concurrent activation of points P1 and P2 significantly enhances the no-load speed, achieving a maximum of 506 revolutions per minute (r/min). Under conditions of power below 35 W and a drilling pressure of 10 N, the drilling speed achieved in basalt is 6.2 millimeters per minute (mm/min). The proposed multipoint-driven actuator can effectively improve the drilling and chip removal efficiency of the driller, which is an important application prospect in future extraterrestrial drilling missions.

An Analysis of Nanoparticles in Composite Materials

A blend of various materials with nano-scale dimensions is called a nanocomposite. Combining the qualities of various materials to create a unique nanomaterial with improved and increased chemical and physical capabilities is the goal of creating nanocomposites. The characteristics of nanocomposites and raw materials are very different. On comparing nanocomposites to standard composite materials, a big surface area and a remarkable surface-to-volume ratio are seen. Environmental professionals have taken an interest in these composite materials, particularly in relation to their ability to remove pesticides from various samples. This is mostly due to the many special qualities that the nanomaterials which help with pesticide remediation offer. The necessity of composite materials above conventional materials is demonstrated by this study. Composite parts are produced in several industries using various moulding techniques. The main benefits of composites are their relative stiffness, strength and lightweight. The physical characteristics, material qualities, design, tooling, inspection and repair of composites are its fundamental ideas. Strong, lightweight materials are crucial for military vehicles like rockets, helicopters and aeroplanes. In terms of mechanical qualities, the metallic components that had been utilised until that point undoubtedly performed the job, but their large weight was prohibitive. The polymer industry was expanding rapidly and aimed to broaden the market for plastics to include a wider range of applications. A potential remedy was provided by the introduction of novel, lightweight polymers from research and development facilities.

Studies of SiC‐Filled Al6061 Metal Matrix Composite Optical, Mechanical, Tribological, and Corrosion Behavior with Strengthening Mechanisms

The objective of the current study is to produce metal matrix composites (MMCs) using ultrasonic‐assisted stir casting and Al6061 alloy reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) microparticle reinforcement in weight percentages of 0, 2, 4, and 6. The microstructural alterations of Al6061–SiC composites are investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDAX). By adding more nucleation sites for the formation of smaller grains, SiC reinforcement of the Al6061 matrix encourages grain refining. The SiC addition significantly changes the microstructure of Al6061 composites, enhancing their mechanical qualities. In addition to increasing density by 0.6%, hardness by 33%, and tensile strength by 33%. The increased SiC content dramatically decreases elongation by 42%. The strength of Al6061–SiC MMCs is predicted using several strengthening mechanism concepts as part of the continuing investigation. For Al6061–SiC composites, the strengthening contribution from thermal mismatch is more significant than that from Orowan strengthening, Hall–Petch mechanism, and load transmitting effect. Grain refinement interactions, load transmission mechanisms, and the strengthening effects of CTE differences and dislocations between matrix and reinforcement particles are studied. The composite with 6‐weight percent SiC reinforcement performs better in dry sliding wear and corrosion resistance.

Coir powder-reinforced epoxy resin composites: Fabrication and characteristics analysis

In order to replace conventional materials in the existing composite world, there has been a focus on adopting coir fibres, which are lightweight, adaptable, efficient, and have great mechanical qualities. This study describes the creation of environmentally responsible bio-composites with good mechanical characteristics that employ coir powder as a reinforcement, which has good interfacial integrity with an epoxy matrix. And these epoxy-coir composites supplemented with coir particles are predicted to function as a reliable substitute for traditional materials used in industrial applications. Here, untreated and alkali-treated coir fibres powder were employed as reinforcement, with epoxy resin serving as a matrix. An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of coir powder reinforcement at different weight percentages (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, and 30 wt%). The morphological study, followed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM), demonstrated that the powder and matrix had the strongest adhesion at 20 wt% coir powder-reinforced composite, with no voids, bubbles, or cracks. Based on the entire investigation, the polymer composite with 20 wt% reinforcement exhibited better mechanical qualities than the other combinations.

Abstract IA018: Determinants of B cell fate and function in cancer

Abstract Effector B cell responses in solid malignancies are associated with favorable response to immunotherapy. B cells can amplify anti-tumor immune responses via antibody production, antigen presentation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release; yet B cells in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice often fail to support these functions. We have evaluated the contribution of either systemic inflammatory cues or antigenic quality to B cell differentiation and function in cancer. First, we identify dysregulated transcriptional programs activated in pancreatic cancer-associated B cells that promote differentiation of naïve into immunosuppressive B cells and inhibit differentiation of anti-tumor plasma cells. Second, we find that systemic exposure to STING agonists potentiates expansion of immunosuppressive regulatory human and mouse IL35+ B lymphocytes. Finally, using a system where a B cell neoantigen is either soluble or tethered to the surface of cancer cells, we demonstrate that membrane-tethered antigen is sufficient to elicit activation of anti-tumor immunity and reduce tumor growth in a NK cell-dependent manner. Thus, inflammation and quality of antigen impact basic mechanisms governing B cell differentiation and the resulting immune response to solid malignancy with implications for vaccine engineering. Citation Format: Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta. Determinants of B cell fate and function in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr IA018.

Evaluation of Degree of Conversion and Microhardness of Activa Pronto and Beautifil flow plus - An Invitro Study

Introduction: The development of dental restorative materials has focused on improving mechanical and aesthetic qualities, with resin-based composites becoming widely used due to their ability to mimic natural teeth. These composites consist of a resin matrix, inorganic fillers, and a silane coupling agent, and their success depends on a high degree of polymerization. The degree of conversion (DC) affects the material's wear resistance, hardness, and longevity. To evaluate and compare the degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness of Activa Pronto and Beautifil Flow Plus composite resins.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, specimens of Activa Pronto (Pulpdent, USA) and Beautifil Flow Plus (Shofu, Japan) were prepared according to ISO 4049 standards. The degree of conversion was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test. A total of 30 discs per material were subjected to both tests, and the results were statistically analysed.Results: The degree of conversion was significantly higher for Activa Pronto (16.09%) compared to Beautifil Flow Plus (13.81%). Similarly, Activa Pronto demonstrated a significantly greater mean microhardness (34.98 VHN) than Beautifil Flow Plus (23.53 VHN), with p < 0.001 for both comparisons.Conclusion: Activa Pronto exhibits superior polymerization and microhardness compared to Beautifil Flow Plus, suggesting that it is a more durable material suitable for stress-bearing restorations.

The effects of nitrogen on rose-scented pelargonium as a potted ornamental plant; growth and development, quality and biochemical characteristics

This study presents a novel approach to the production dynamics of rose-scented pelargonium for pot cultivation as an ornamental plant. It investigates how nitrogen supply affects plant growth, development, quality attributes, and biochemical properties to provide insights for enhanced commercial viability. Nitrogen concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg l−1) were applied weekly for 3 months. Results show that increased nitrogen levels raised nitrogen concentrations in shoots (1.32%–2.57%) and roots (0.39%–1.27%). Periodic morphological evaluations indicated that the effects of nitrogen doses on growth started to appear after the second month of the experiment. By the end of the experiment (90th day), it was determined that increased nitrogen application resulted in reduced plant height, stem length, internode length, total phenolic compound (TPC) antioxidant capacity (DPPH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, increases were observed in the number and length of lateral branches, stem thickness, leaf count, shoot biomass, chlorophyll (Clfs) levels and total carotenoid. MDA, TPC, and Clfs can be considered important biochemical indicators of nitrogen deficiency stress, defense mechanism, and plant quality in rose-scented pelargonium, respectively. It was determined that a minimum nitrogen concentration of 100 mg l−1 is required to obtain healthy, high-quality plants with strong visual appeal for the presentation of rose-scented pelargonium as potted ornamental plants. Higher concentrations may offer an advantage for more compact plant formation. To enhance the market value of rose-scented pelargonium as potted ornamental plants, future studies could include different pot sizes and pinching practices alongside nitrogen fertilization.

Effects of carbon nanotube and alumina doping on the properties of para-aramids: A DFT and molecular dynamics study

Because of its superior mechanical and electrical insulation qualities, paramamid insulating paper is frequently used in the electrical industry. However, a significant barrier preventing it from taking a more prominent role is its low heat conductivity. This research modifies aramid by doping it with carbon nanotubes and alumina to balance its insulating qualities and increase its thermal conductivity. Materials Studio uses molecular dynamics (MD) computations to examine the thermodynamic parameters of the composite system, such as modulus, glass transition temperature, and thermal conductivity. the system's cohesive energy density, free volume fraction, mean square displacement, and other structural characteristics. The relative dielectric constant is used to calculate the insulating characteristics. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) is then used to calculate the fluctuation of the electrostatic potential with Mulliken charge on the electrical properties. According to the findings, a single doped carbon nanotube significantly raises its mechanical and thermal conductivity while completely destroying its insulation. While single alumina doping increases the insulating properties of the system and yields improved structural parameters and tighter intermolecular bonding, it has minimally positive effects on its thermal conductivity. When mixed doping is used, the system's thermodynamics will be significantly enhanced without compromising its insulating qualities.

SELECTION OF TOOLS AND MACHINING PARAMETERS FOR PIPE WALLS

This review paper examines the techniques and factors involved in pipe wall processing, with a focus on the essential technologies utilized in this field. The study revealed crucial elements, such as ASTM A350-LF2 Class 1 carbon steel, renowned for its exceptional mechanical qualities and ability to withstand low temperatures. An exhaustive analysis has been conducted on the chemical makeup of this steel to comprehend its capacity to adjust and endure in various operational environments. The study focused on examining several particle separation processes, including as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, in order to determine the exact equipment and criteria needed for each technique. The cooling and lubricating process received particular emphasis, with thorough investigation of several agents, including CASTROL HYSOL T15, and their impact on surface quality and tool longevity. The utilization of these compounds has been discovered to substantially decrease tool temperature and enhance machining quality. Upon closer examination of the processing techniques specified in section A-A of the tube wall, it was determined that advanced procedures such as floating plug drawing and micro-sized spiral tube hydroforming were discovered. These techniques allow the attainment of superior surface quality and precise dimensions, which are crucial for guaranteeing the structural integrity of the pipe. Cutting tools, processing equipment, and coolants and lubricants are essential components in the manufacturing of pipe walls. Nanoparticulate cooling and lubrication systems, which are advanced technologies, have demonstrated their effectiveness in minimizing friction and heat during machining. As a result, these systems enhance productivity and prolong the lifespan of tools. According to the article, the essential components for attaining high-quality manufacture of pipe walls are cutting tools, processing equipment, and coolants and lubricants. Additional study is advised to enhance processing parameters, create eco-friendly coolants and lubricants, and utilize artificial intelligence for predictive modeling and optimization of processing. This establishes the groundwork for future research and innovation in the pipe wall production business, with the objective of attaining enhanced efficiency and sustainability in production processes.

Chitosan based injectable cryospheres as a potential biopolymeric carrier for drug delivery systems: Characterization, biocompatibility and drug release

Three-dimensional scaffolds with the right design to support cell metabolism and the right physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological qualities have become more interesting for tissue engineering because of the complexity and diversity of the tissues involved. Moreover, three-dimensional scaffolds with tuneable drug delivery capabilities have drawn more attention in the field of soft tissue engineering. In this research, chitosan-based microspheres (called cryospheres) were fabricated in spherical shapes micron-sized with highly interconnected porous structures as a result of combining emulsification and cryogelation methods. The characterization of cryospheres was evaluated using morphological, physicochemical, and biological analyses. According to the results of the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility investigation, the microspheres had no toxic effects on cell survival, and they even enhanced cell viability at the implantation site when compared to the control group. After the cryospheres were characterized, research was done on drug loading, drug release, and release processes using two distinct dyes (Nile Red: NR and Rhodamine-B: RB) in simulated body fluids (simulated intestinal, stomach, and tear fluids). The results showed that the maximum drug loading capacities for RB and NR were 89.32 ± 1.57 % and 61.51 ± 0.70 %, respectively. This study contributed to the development of minimally invasive biomaterials that have the potential to provide both drug release and tissue formation/regeneration at damaged implantation sites by carrying not only drugs but also active substances such as hormones/growth factors that will trigger new tissue formation.

Development and Characterization of Mikania, Kapok, Wool, Sugarcane, and Pineapple Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

ABSTRACTThis study utilizes plant‐derived fibers including Mikania, wool, kapok, sugarcane, and pineapple as strengthening additions to fabricated and tested reinforced polyester mixtures. This study aimed to examine the mechanical qualities and potential applications of these natural materials in boosting the effectiveness of polyester composites. The composites were formed by including natural fibers into a polyester base using a hand lay‐up preparation method. The finished samples received a complete assessment, covering tensile and impact testing as well as SEM analysis. The findings showed that incorporating natural materials like Mikania vines, wool, kapok fuzz, sugarcane fibers, and pineapple leaves had a notably positive effect on the mechanical features of the plastic composites. The tensile strength of the material combined pineapple was particularly high, achieving a maximum stress of 42.4822 N/mm2 and a maximum stretch of 4.27950%. Similarly, that same composite exhibited a maximum stretch of 3.75753% and a maximum stress of 77.4922 N/mm2 during the bending experiment. The substances exhibiting the strongest impact endurance, as determined by the impact assessment, included kapok, Mikania, wool, pineapple, and sugarcane. The kapok provided an impact toughness of 1.2 N m, which was somewhat elevated. This research offers a precious understanding of using natural fibers as strengthening additives in polyester composites, demonstrating their flexible perspective for many uses. The discoveries present hopeful possibilities for additional examination and progression in composite materials, consequently advancing the development of sustainable materials.

Dietary Diversity, Rather Than Quality, Parallels a Reduction in Metabolic Syndrome and a Favorable Gut Microbiome: The Dietary Diversity Score

Objective Diet plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). While dietary recommendations primarily focus on quality of food intake, the relevance and mechanisms of dietary diversity for the prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases are unclear. Here, we investigate the respective associations of dietary diversity and quality with MetS and gut microbiota composition. Methods Pooled data from 2 independent population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (n = 6753) were used. Based on a validated food frequency questionnaire a novel dietary diversity score (DDS) and an established dietary quality score (DQS) were calculated. Both were correlated with anthropometric data and clinical components of MetS as well as with intestinal microbial composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Results DDS was associated with a healthier metabolic phenotype and lower MetS risk in both cross-sectional (odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.93; p < 0.001) and longitudinal analyses of 5-year follow-up data (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99; p = 0.029). In contrast, there were hardly any favorable associations between DQS and MetS, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally. DDS explained 42.6% more beta diversity variation in gut microbiota than DQS and was linked to a more favorable microbial composition (e.g., less Escherichia/Shigella [q = 0.00576] and greater Ruminococcaceae [q = 0.01263] abundance). Conclusions Dietary diversity, as determined by the novel DDS, reduces MetS risk, whereas dietary quality was less important in that regard. Greater dietary diversity was paralleled by greater microbiota diversity and a healthier gut microbiome. Future dietary recommendations should emphasize dietary diversity rather than absolute consumption of nutritional components.

Numerical Computation and Statistical Interpretations of Heat Transfer of Tween-20/ethyl Acetate Nanofluid Flow with Melting Rheological Quality and Activation Energy

Tween-20 plays a significant role in the biological, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, it plays a vital role in improving the quality of reverse mechanisms of multi-drug resistance. This paper uses artificial neural computing to examine Tween-20 nanoparticles’ behaviors in a base fluid called ethyl acetate to enhance the applications in nanomedicine, drug delivery and biotechnology. The study focuses on the nonlinear model of a viscous fluid at the stagnation point, where mixed convection processes and activation energy are present. The study incorporates slip velocity and melting boundary conditions to examine heat and mass transfer, taking into account thermal and solutal stratification. Various fields of research and technology, specially in industrial engineering that include hydrodynamics, panto-graph systems, and biomedical mathematics, extensively utilize artificial computing. The datasets are based on velocity, temperature, and concentration outlines. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to generate the datasets. To validate the LMM-ABNNs, we have compared them with a numerical solution, showing a high level of agreement. We utilize the error histogram and mean square error results to validate the performance, scrutinize the training and testing methods, and explore the validity of the approximate answer. Furthermore, the quality characteristics such as skin friction, rate of heat, and mass movement (Nusselt and Sherwood numbers) are statistically analyzed to forecast the model’s durability. This article is the best example of investigating different fluid parameters with the latest artificial neural computing.

Fabrication of Radial Array Transducers Using 1-3 Composite via a Bending and Superposition Technique.

Piezoelectric composite materials, combining the advantages of both piezoelectric materials and polymers, have been extensively used in ultrasonic transducers. However, the pitch size of radial array ultrasonic transducers normally exceeds one wavelength, which limits their performance. In order to minimize grating lobes of current radial transducers and then increase their imaging resolution, a 2.5 MHz 1-3 composite radial array transducer with 64 elements and 600 μm pitch was designed and fabricated by combining flexible circuit board and using a bending-and-superposition method. All the array elements were connected and actuated via the customized circuit board which is thin and soft. The kerf size is set to be 1/3 wavelength. PZT-5H/epoxy 1-3 composite was used as an active material because it exhibits an ultrahigh electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt = 0.74), a very low mechanical quality factor (Qm = 11), and relatively low acoustic impedance (Zc = 13.43 MRayls). The developed radial array transducer exhibited a center frequency of 2.72 MHz, an average -6 dB bandwidth of 36%, an insertion loss of 31.86 dB, and a crosstalk of -26.56 dB between the adjacent elements near the center frequency. These results indicate that the bending-and-superposition method is an effective way to fabricate radial array transducers by binding flexible circuit boards. Furthermore, the utilization of tailored flexible circuitry boards presents an effective approach for realizing reductions in crosstalk level (CTL).

Predicting fatigue crack initiation life in typical joints of offshore observation tower structures

ABSTRACT Tubular structures are widely used in steel constructions, such as offshore platforms, because of their superior mechanical qualities, efficient use of materials, lightweight and aesthetically pleasing appearance. The most common failure mode of offshore tubular joints is fatigue damage brought on by cyclic loading during the course of their service life, like wind, wave and equipment vibration. In this paper, the finite element model of the TK-type tubular joint at the stress concentration position is established by analyzing the load and response of the observation tower. The continuum damage mechanics method has been used to evaluate the fatigue crack initiation position and life of the tubular joint, and the crack initiation life of the key nodes has been predicted, which provides theoretical support for ensuring the service safety of the offshore observation tower.