Quality Of Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Great minds think alike: does leader-follower similarity in construal level of the work enhance leader-member exchange quality?

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether leader-follower similarity in construal level of the work, which indicates the degree of abstraction applied to mental representation of the work, influences the quality of interpersonal relationship at work.Design/methodology/approachFirst, an interview study was conducted to adapt the work-based construal-level (WBCL) scale. Then, a survey study was conducted for hypothesis testing. Data collected from 245 matched supervisor-subordinate dyads were analyzed using multi-level modeling.FindingsResults revealed that dyadic similarity in work-domain construal level is positively related to leader-member exchange (LMX) quality. As a leader and a follower become similar to each other in terms of mental representation (i.e. construal level) of work, they experience higher relationship quality.Originality/valueThis study enhances the current knowledge of the role of cognition and cognitive similarity in leadership processes.

A longitudinal examination of the reciprocal relationship between borderline personality features and interpersonal relationship quality.

Interpersonal dysfunction is a core characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Cross-sectional research suggests that higher BPD features are associated with lower relationship quality. Many researchers have examined the associations between interpersonal stressors and short-term increases in emotional reactivity or impulsivity among those with high levels of BPD features. Yet, most research paradigms assume that interpersonal stressors change over time, whereas BPD features remain relatively stable; however, the stability of BPD features in the context of fluctuating interpersonal stressors has yet to be tested longitudinally. In the current study, we examined co-occurring changes in relationship quality and BPD features over time. In Study 1, 126 female, undergraduate participants completed ratings of relationship quality (i.e., conflict, criticism, closeness, satisfaction, and support) with recent interpersonal partners as well as self-reported BPD features at baseline and 1-month follow-up. In Study 2, 50 female participants from the community (n = 27 with BPD; n = 23 without any psychiatric diagnoses) completed the same measures at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Across both studies, when participants reported decreases in the quality of their interpersonal relationships, they endorsed increases in BPD features. Similarly, when participants endorsed worsening BPD features, their perceptions of relationship quality with all recent interaction partners (in Study 1) or more frequent interaction partners (in Study 2) decreased as well. Even in samples with a wide range of BPD features, these results suggest that the quality of interpersonal relationships and BPD features may influence each other over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessment of Impact of Vitiligo and its Distribution on Psychosocial Life: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder of skin/mucosa. Its aetiology is multifactorial. Clinically, it presents as milky white macules as a result of loss of melanocytes from skin, hair or both. It does not cause any physical hindrance but can cause cosmetic deformity, which has a serious effect on patient’s quality of life. Aim: To evaluate and compare the psychosocial impact on vitiligo patient having lesions on exposed and unexposed site using Vitiligo Impact Scale (VIS)-22. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 vitiligo patients attending the Outpatient Department of Rohilkhand Medical college and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a period of six months between October 2020 to March 2021. Patients were categorised into two groups- exposed and non exposed group. VIS-22 scores were calculated and effect on quality of life in vitiligo patients was calculated. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were also documented. Appropriate statistical software, including Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for statistical analysis and Chi-square test was applied. Results: A total of 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) were enrolled in this study who were similar in demographic profile. A mean VIS score in exposed group was 31.51 and in non exposed group was 21.45 which indicated large effect and moderate effect on their psychosocial life respectively. Mean score of each question was calculated, with highest mean score of 2.68, showing that patients were worried regarding the progression of disease. Most patients felt that others donot think that the disease spreads by touch and this was indicated by receiving the mean score of 0.75. Conclusion: In this study, it was seen that patients having lesions on exposed sites had a greater impact on quality of life, interpersonal relationships and patients felt more depressed as compared to those on non exposed sites.

The Effect of Interpersonal Relationship and Social Activity on the Physical and Mental Health of Older Korean Adults

Maintaining interpersonal relationships and social activities are important as you get older. Activity theory indicates that social activities and human relations are important factors for older adults’ physical and mental health. However, the effects between the quantity and quality of interpersonal relationships and social activities will be different. This study compared which of the effects has a greater impact between interpersonal and social activities on physical and mental health. This study used the 6th additional wave (2016) and 7th wave (2017) of the Korean Retirement and Income Study. The subjects of this study were older adults who are aged 65 and older and the sample size was 2,152. Multiple regression was used for data analysis. Demographic variables were controlled. Independent variables were interpersonal relationships, social activities, satisfaction with interpersonal relationships, and satisfaction with social activities. Dependent variables were physical health and mental health, with depressive symptoms used as a proxy for mental health. βs was used to determine the relative influence on dependent variables. Interpersonal relationships, satisfaction with interpersonal relationships, and satisfaction with social activities significantly influenced physical health. Among them, interpersonal satisfaction was found to be the most influential factor on physical health. In addition, interpersonal satisfaction was found to be the most influential factor on mental health than interpersonal relationships. Satisfaction with social activities only affected physical health. The implications of this study were that the quality of interpersonal relationships and social activities of older adults affected physical and mental health more than quantity.

Sexual Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women

Nowadays, women have a longer menopausal duration due to the worldwide dramatic life expectancy increase. Sexual dysfunction is one of the most prevalent problems during menopause that affect women`s quality of life, mental health, and interpersonal relationship. This study aimed to investigate sexual dysfunction and its contributing factors amongst married postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 164 postmenopausal women who attended the menopause clinic of the academic hospitals in Mashhad during 2017-2018. Data were collected using a checklist that included demographic and reproductive information and the validated Persian version of the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire (FSFI). The mean age of participants was 53.55±6.25 years. The mean FSFI score was 20.06±6.66, and 65.2% of women had sexual dysfunction. The most disturbed sexual domains were; desire (86%, n: 141), arousal (82.3%, n: 135), lubrication (71.3%, n: 117) and sexual satisfaction (70.1%, n: 115), respectively. The partner`s age (P=0.01), time since menopause onset (P=0.01), age at marriage (P=0.02), and frequency of sexual intercourse (P˂0.0001) had a significant relationship with sexual function. The sexual function of postmenopausal women in this study was highly deteriorated. The associated factors were; older age of the spouse, younger age at marriage, longer time since menopause onset, and lower frequency of sexual intercourse. It is important to determine perimenopausal women who are at potential risk of sexual dysfunction and consult them for preventive programs and strategies.

The effectiveness of Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) for the assessment of the suffering and quality of interpersonal relationships of patients with chronic pain

BackgroundPictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) is a tool that can be used to visualize and evaluate the burden of suffering caused by an illness. The aim of this study was to identify which aspects of the burden of chronic pain patients are associated with Self/illness separation (SIS), an indicator of the magnitude of suffering. We also examined the effectiveness of PRISM for evaluating changes in the relationships between patients and their medical care and significant others due to our inpatient treatment.MethodsSeventy-two patients with chronic pain who were outpatients or admitted to the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine completed PRISM, depression and anxiety scales, and three types of pain-related self-assessment questionnaires (Brief Pain Inventory, Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Outpatients were queried at the time of outpatient visits and inpatients at the time of admission. In addition to PRISM disks related to illness, we asked each patient to place disks related to things important to them and their medical care. Of the inpatients, 31 did PRISM at the time of discharge. Among the reported important factors, which significant other was placed at the time of admission and discharge was evaluated. The distances of self/medical care separation (SMcS) and self/significant others separation (SSoS) were measured.ResultsOf the 21 scales measured, 10 showed a significant correlation with SIS. Factor analysis of these 10 scales extracted three factors, Life interferences, Negative affects, and Pain intensity. The SMcS and SSoS distances were shorter at discharge than at admission.ConclusionsPRISM for patients with chronic pain is an integrated evaluation method that reflects three aspects of pain. By adding medical care and significant others to the usual method of placing only illness on the sheet it became possible to assess changes in the quality of interpersonal relationships.

Psychosocial Contributors to Depressive Symptoms in Hispanic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to identify psychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms in Hispanic patients with diabetes and explore the extent to which their effects may vary by gender and acculturation. The authors completed a secondary analysis of data from 247 Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. Gender and language groups were compared using chi-square and t tests. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine associations of depressive symptoms with perceived support, diabetes-related distress, and social and personal factors. Women reported less support than men. English speakers reported more depressive symptoms than Spanish speakers. When adjusting for age, gender, and acculturation, psychosocial factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms included less support received, greater emotional burden, and less ability to socialize or pursue normal activities because of diabetes. Social support provided by family among less acculturated Hispanics may play an important role in reducing emotional burden and lowering the risk of comorbid depression. The quality of interpersonal relationships and the ability to continue normal activities may also be important. More acculturated Hispanic women with diabetes may be at greater risk for comorbid depression and worse health outcomes. Screening for depression and assessment of support needs is warranted for Hispanic women.

Impact of charge nurses' span of control on the work attitudes of nurses

To determine the number of nurses who are supervised by a charge nurse in the Nursing Units of Aragonese general public hospitals and to analyze how this affects the organizational behaviors of nurses and the quality of the relationships established with the charge nurses. Cross-sectional study carried out in nine public hospitals. Validated questionnaires were used to assess the working behavior of nurses and the quality of their relationships with charge nurses, and the charge nurse's relationship with their immediate superior and nursing staff. We analyzed whether there was an association between these variables and the number of nurses per unit. The study included 2,541 nurses and 192 supervisors. The mean span of control was 29 (SD=22.4). Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to empowerment (p<0.001), satisfaction (p=0.027), perceived organizational support (p<0.001) and the quality of the nurse's relationships with the supervisor (p<0.001) and the supervisor with her immediate superior (p<0.001), obtaining lower scores as the span of control increased. No significant associations were observed with respect to turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment. The span of control is related to the perception of nurses' organizational behaviors and with the quality of interpersonal relationships with the charge nurse, indicating a need to adjust the span of of control per unit in order to improve the quality of the management of the units.

Does acupuncture improve sexual dysfunction? A systematic review.

Sexual dysfunction can adversely affect the quality of life and interpersonal relationships. nowadays, a lot of attention is paid to traditional Chinese medicine with better curative effects and less adverse events. Recent studies have implied the promising effect of acupuncture on sexual function. This systematic review evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in treating female and male sexual dysfunction. PubMed, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to 2021. No limitation to language and date. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Among 160 initially assessed papers, 13 articles were included. The findings showed that acupuncture improve sexual dysfunction in domains of desire, libido, erectile dysfunction and impotency. Most studies did not report any serious side effects from acupuncture, and only three studies reported minor adverse events. The available evidence indicate that acupuncture has positive on improvement of sexual dysfunction with no serious side effects. Although acupuncture has gained increasing popularity for the management of sexual dysfunction, high methodological quality evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking.

Impact of coronavirus outbreak events, perceptions of sense of safety and distance learning among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract: A pandemic substantially affects a number of areas of social life. Significant changes have occurred in the area of education, including higher education. In the summer semester of the academic year 2019/2020, universities in Poland, within a few weeks, switched from full-time teaching to distance learning. It undoubtedly brought about among students a certain level of uncertainty about the development of events and the need to act in changing circumstances and involved a revised communication pattern and interaction on many functioning levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of coronavirus outbreak events on perceptions of feelings of safety and higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of college student participants from universities across Poland. The study was conducted in May and June 2020 among 371 students in Poland, using computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI). Two standardized tools were used, i.e. the Polish version of the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Safety Experience Questionnaire (SEQ), as well as the proprietary survey questionnaire. The survey was posted on Google.com and was shared with the respondents online via Facebook. Students demonstrated a significant effort to rid themselves of trauma-related thoughts, emotions, or conversations. A sense of security was observed; however, it significantly decreased as the PTSD score increased. Men have a significantly higher sense of safety than women. There was no evidence of an influence of the field of study, year of study, or type of education on the severity of traumatic stress and experiencing safety. In terms of the impact of the epidemic on aspects of higher education, respondents showed concern about the quality of interpersonal relationships and the financial situation of the family. The traumatic stress severity index was found to be significantly higher on the substantive and technical aspects of education. The students' moods seem to have no relationship with the gender of the respondent or the type of education. The impact of events related to the outbreak of the Sars-Cov-2 virus can be observed in the disturbance of the sense of security among participants of different majors and years of study in Poland. Students' fears are associated with a change in the realities of student life in both educational and social dimensions.

Undergraduate students with musical training report less conflict in interpersonal relationships

Recent research has shown that formal musical training has a wealth of benefits in terms of cognition, mental health, social skills, and even speech perception. Of these benefits, there is strong support for a relationship between formal musical training and an improved ability to recognize emotions in speech prosody. Given this connection, interpersonal relationships stand to benefit from improved communication efficacy, which includes an improved ability to recognize emotions in speech. Interpersonal relationships rely on successful expression and interpretation of emotions in speech. If formal musical training can improve the perception of emotions in speech, it should indirectly benefit interpersonal relationship quality. The current study collected data from 197 undergraduate students about their formal musical training and interpersonal relationship quality through an online survey. The results showed that formal musical training accounted for 8% of the difference in relationship conflict but did not benefit relationship support or depth. While musical expertise does not necessarily improve relationship quality overall, it may help reduce conflict in relationships. Further research is needed, with participants who have greater musical expertise, to clarify the relationship between formal musical training and relationship conflict.

Burnout: A Review of the Literature

In this review of literature related to burnout, I compiled definitions of the term, discussed factors contributing to burnout, effects of burnout, and prevention/possible remedies for burnout. Although there is no consensus on the term’s definition, it is well understood that burnout has three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization/cynicism, and personal accomplishment. There are personal (internal) and organizational (external) factors that contribute to burnout. When teachers feel lack of control, overloaded, and underresourced, the potential for burnout is amplified. Burnout is manifested in physical (poor health) and psychological ways (detachment, boredom, and rigidity). Prevention strategies generally fall into the categories of (a) in-school interventions (including being more prepared and developing high quality interpersonal relationships), (b) out of school interventions (better work–life balance), and (c) mentoring. Given that engagement is the antithesis of burnout, keeping teachers engaged and feeling valued are mitigating factors for burnout.

Do youth soccer academies provide developmental experiences that prepare players for life beyond soccer? A retrospective account in the United Kingdom.

The professionalisation of soccer academies has intensified, with youth players exposed to demanding performance focused environments in pursuit of a career in the professional game. Yet, academies are also under increasing pressure to show that they develop players who can function in life beyond soccer. Therefore, this study explored the retrospective views of 13 ex-elite UK youth academy soccer players on whether their time within the academy provided developmental experiences that prepared them for life beyond soccer. We interviewed seven players who successfully progressed into professional contracts and six who did not. Players were recruited from two different academies to explore the developmental outcomes they associated with academy involvement and to unpick how those outcomes were achieved. Our findings showed that, promisingly, time in the academy provided both contracted and non-contracted players with transferable life skills as well as open educational and vocational doors – resulting in the majority of players leaving the environment being ‘(more) ready’ for life. However, these outcomes are not ‘automatic’ and were highly dependent on the interaction between three developmental contextual themes; i) what was demanded by the academy context, ii) what was encouraged within the academy context, and iii) the quality of interpersonal relationships. Beyond this, players’ attitudes, histories and wider socio-contextual influences were important in shaping (future) outcomes. With an eye on providing worthwhile experiences for all youth athletes involved, these findings provide insight into how academy contexts can simultaneously promote performance alongside positive developmental outcomes. Keywords: elite youth soccer, , Positive Youth Development, life skills, dual career, Talent identification and development system outcomes

Risk factors for suicidal behavior in late-life depression: A retrospective preliminary clinical study.

To explore the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior (SB) using logistic regression analysis and the propensity score matching (PSM) method among Chinese patients suffering from late-life depression (LLD). Patient information sheets were retrieved with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code from an electronic database that comprised patient medical information. Herein, we set SB as a dependent variable, and gender, marital status, monthly income, quality of interpersonal relationships, hobbies, impulsivity, severity of depression, psychiatric symptoms or not, and having histories of smoking, drinking, major mental trauma as independent variables according to clinical experience and previous findings. For uncertain independent risk factors associated with SB generated by logistic regression analysis, PSM was performed for further verification. The differences between the SB group and non-SB group for marital status, severity of depression, a history of drinking, and a history of major mental trauma were found to be statistically significant in univariate comparisons (P < 0.05); binary logistic regression analysis and PSM analysis showed that the severity of depression, a history of drinking, and a history of major mental trauma were independent risk factors associated with SB of patients with LLD with an odds ratio greater than one. The severity of depression, a history of drinking, and a history of major mental trauma were independently associated with the occurrence of SB of patients with LLD in China. Further longitudinal and prospective studies are warranted to examine the dynamic changes of confounding risk factors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 849-854.

Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy: Oncological and Functional Outcomes.

Introduction In the present study, we have reviewed the outcomes of patients with supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) in our institution. Our results show that SCPL is a well-tolerated procedure with generally good functional outcomes for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Objective We analyzed the oncological and functional results of a cohort of 35 patients who had undergone SCPL, and we highlighted the complications, identified the overall and disease-free survivals, demonstrating that the reconstructive laryngectomy guarantees the oncological safety and reproducibility of the oncological results, preserving the laryngeal functions and promoting an improvement in the patient's quality of life, favoring communication and interpersonal relationships. Methods Between 2010 and 2018, 35 patients underwent SCPL for primary and recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas, and they were divided into two subgroups: in 16 cases, the cricohyoidoepiglottopexy according to the Mayer-Piquet technique was performed, while the remaining 19 cases were submitted to the cricohyoidopexy according to the Labayle technique. In addition to evaluating the oncological results of patients undergoing reconstructive laryngectomy, the present study also aimed to evaluate the functionality of the residual larynx and the quality of life. Results The overall and disease-free survivals were of 83% and 76.3% respectively. All patients were able to swallow. The nasogastric tube was removed after a mean period of 21.8 days (range: 14 to 28 days). The mean decannulation time was of 23.4 days after surgery (range: 15 to 36 days). Conclusion The curves for the overall and disease-free survivals show that SCPL can guarantee oncological safety comparable to that of total laryngectomies in diseases in the intermediate stage and in carefully-selected advanced stages.

Emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationship quality as predictors of high school physical education teachers’ intrinsic motivation

Emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationship quality as predictors of high school physical education teachers’ intrinsic motivation

Intentions to quit, emotional support from teachers, and loneliness among peers: developmental trajectories and longitudinal associations in upper secondary school

The current longitudinal study examined students’ intentions to quit school as a process that unfolds over time in a social context of upper secondary school. Based on self-report data collected from 1379 students at three time points over 13 months, the results from latent growth curve modelling revealed average increases in intentions to quit school and loneliness among peers at school, and no average change in perceived emotional support from teachers. In line with hypotheses, there was (1) a negative association between change in perceived emotional support from teachers and change in intentions to quit school and (2) a positive association between change in loneliness among peers and change in intentions to quit school, while controlling for gender, study track, and previous academic achievement. It is important that schools implement strategies to prioritise the quality of interpersonal relationships as an integral component of their educational mandate.

Authenticity predicts positive interpersonal relationship quality at low, but not high, levels of psychopathy

Authentic self-expression is associated with many positive well-being outcomes, but do these benefits persist when the self being expressed is callous and malevolent? Across two studies (total N = 866), we tested the extent to which the relationship between authenticity and the quality of interpersonal relationships was moderated by Dark Tetrad personality traits. An exploratory study (N = 380) indicated that psychopathy significantly moderated the relationship between authenticity and self-esteem, depression, hostility, and rocky relationships. A subsequent preregistered confirmatory study (N = 486) replicated exploratory findings for both hostility and rocky relationships. Authenticity was associated with positive interpersonal relationship quality (less rocky relationships and less hostility) when psychopathy was low, but not when psychopathy was high. These findings highlight a significant way in which the relationship between authentic self-expression and well-being may depend upon the personality traits being expressed.

The role of family communication in shaping the quality of adult sibling interpersonal relationships and the opinions about the social world

The aim of the study was to determine the relationships between the dimensions of the quality of the interpersonal relationship of siblings in early adulthood and opinions about the social world, and to check whether there are relational predictors of these opinions.&#x0D; The participants of the study were 180 people (including 48.9% women) who were in early adulthood (M = 24.73; SD = 4.54), who came from complete families with adult siblings.&#x0D; The following research tools were used: the Adult Relationship Questionnaire (Walęcka-Matyja, 2014), the STQ-Now Questionnaire (Szymańska, 2016), the Social Opinion Questionnaire (Różycka, Wojciszke 2010) and a questionnaire.&#x0D; The obtained results indicate the existence of numerous, although mostly weak and moderate, relationships in the expected directions between all dimensions of the interpersonal relationship of siblings (except for Competition) and opinions about the social world. Relational predictors of beliefs about the social world were also determined. It was found that sibling relationships in which there is high conflict, intense competition and indifference negatively affect the experience of satisfaction with social exchange, the level of self-esteem and trust in interpersonal contacts. Additionally, the negative aspects of the relationship of adult siblings (Conflict, Indifference) foster the belief that the world is a game in which you have to be ready to constantly fight with others. In turn, friendly relations between siblings (Warmth, Mutuality) and those with an element of struggle for power in the relationship (Domination) contributed to an increase in the level of self-esteem.

Depressive symptoms in elderly people participating in University of the Third Age and residents of Nursing Homes: the role of optimism and acceptance of passing

The elderly age group needs particular support in preventing development of depressive symptoms, among others, due to the prospect of passing. This group is heterogenous in terms of characteristics of ways of spending leisure time, which, as an important aspect of everyday life affecting the quality of interpersonal relationships and well-being, might be related to the level of their depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to find out whether participation in University of Third Age (UTA; leisure time spending directed at personal development) activities versus being a Nursing Home resident (NH; leisure time spending, directed at compensation of difficulties associated to the aging process) may differentiate elderly people in terms of the level of depression taking into account their optimism and acceptance of passing. The study was paper-pencil questionnaire-based, conducted on a sample of people above the age of 59: participants of UTA (N=48) and NH (N=54). In the UTA group, consistently for all levels of acceptance of passing, the higher the level of optimism, the lower the depressive symptoms. However, for the NH group, the higher the acceptance of passing, the lower the role of optimism in predicting depressive symptoms.