Quality Of Herbal Medicines Research Articles

Integrated approach to predicting habitat suitability and evaluating quality variations of Notopterygium franchetii under climate change.

The impact of climate change on medicinal plants has significantly altered their suitable environments, thereby affecting the quality of herbal medicines. Notopterygium franchetii (N. franchetii), a medicinal plant intricately linked to its natural habitat, exhibits substantial quality variations influenced by the ecological conditions of its native region. In this study, comprehensive field surveys were conducted to gather occurrence records and samples of N. franchetii. The Maxent model and ArcGIS software were employed to predict the suitable habitats of N. franchetii during different time periods. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to establish the chemical fingerprints of 21 sample batches. Fourteen common peaks were subjected to cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The findings revealed quality variations correlated with their geographic origins, identifying peaks 10, 1, 14, 3, and 4 as crucial for quality differentiation. The study indicates that precipitation, temperature, and altitude significantly influence the distribution of N. franchetii. Under current climate conditions, the suitable habitat area for N. franchetii is estimated to be approximately 94,637.33 km2. However, projections under three future climate scenarios suggest a declining trend in suitable habitat areas. A quality zoning map of N. franchetii was developed, integrating a correlation model between chemical composition and environmental variables with the spatial analysis and visualization capabilities of ArcGIS. The high-quality regions for N. franchetii are predominantly located in the Gannan, Linxia, Dingxi, Longnan, and Wuwei districts. These research outcomes offer a valuable reference for identifying suitable cultivation areas and assessing the quality of N. franchetii in Gansu Province.

Development of an Odor Evaluation Method for Citrus Unshiu Peel Using an Electronic Nose Based on the Intensity of Per Unit Length (INPULTH)

Although odor is an important indicator of herbal medicine quality, an objective odor evaluation method remains undiscovered. Quantitative measurement using previous methods is complicated as Citrus Unshiu Peel (Chimpi) emits an odor when broken. To establish odor evaluation methods for herbal medicines using chimpi as an example, we developed a reproducible method for breaking samples and an objective odor evaluation method using an electronic nose (e-nose). First, an odor-emitting device (OED) was fabricated by modifying a pill cutter, which suppressed the spread of odor components into the room air while cutting the samples. The odor was emitted from chimpi with an OED and measured using an e-nose. The cut length was then measured. The sensor intensity was positively correlated with the cut length (r=0.840-0.927) in the same sample, and the intensity per unit length (INPULTH) calculated from the sensor intensity and cut length enables the comparison of the sensor intensity among different samples. In addition, average d-limonene emission level measured by GC-MS was positively correlated with average INPULTH (r=0.999), which suggests that this OED and e-nose method enables the comparison of the sensor intensity and d-limonene emissions. INPULTH also positively correlated with other seven monoterpenes such as p-cymene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, and α-terpinolene (r=0.701-0.865). Therefore, monoterpene content can be evaluated by measuring the odor in the same way as d-limonene. In conclusion, we developed a simple odor intensity evaluation method optimized for chimpi to establish an odor evaluation method for herbal medicines.

Quality evaluation for Ficus hirta Vahl granules, using TLC and HPLC fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition.

Ficus hirta Vahl is a healthy food with both medicinal and culinary properties and with anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. There is currently no standardized or universally accepted research strategy for evaluating the quality of Ficus hirta Vahl granules (FHGs). Therefore, the development of a comprehensive quality evaluation method is crucial for the quality control of FHGs. In this study, we used n-hexane : trichloromethane : ethyl acetate : glacial acetic acid = 20 : 4 : 7 : 1 as the optimal developing agent for TLC to separate and identify 15 batches of FHGs from different origins. Using HPLC, a fingerprint with 7 common peaks was established, and peaks 6 and 7 were attributed to psoralen and bergapten, respectively. The content of the identified components was determined. Further quality evaluation of FHGs was performed using chemical pattern recognition, and the results showed that hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) could cluster 15 batches of FHGs into 2 categories. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 2 principal components can show the similarities and differences between different batches of FHGs. Orthogonal partial least squares discrimination (OPLS-DA) showed that components 5, 6 (psoralen) and 7 (bergapten) are landmark components that cause differences in FHG quality from different regions. By integrating the analytical modes of TLC, HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition, a scientific basis is provided for the comprehensive control and evaluation of herbal medicine quality.

Relationship between the root processing method and quality of herbal medicine of Rauvolfia serpentina cultivated in Japan

Rauvolfia serpentina roots are used as herbal medicine for snake and insect bites, fever, malaria, abdominal pain, hypertension, and dysentery in Southeast Asian countries. This study evaluates the content of reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine in R. serpentina roots obtained with an efficient root processing method. The plants were cultivated in Tanegashima Island in southern part of Japan, where NIBIOHN's experimental farm station is located. We examined both the type of cork layer removal method (manual work, drum mixer washing, and high-pressure washing) and dried roots. We found that the resulting active ingredient contents were not significantly different between manual work and 30 min of drum mixer washing, and high-pressure washing. The washing in a drum mixer for 30 min could be an efficient root processing method. The amount of each active ingredient was compared in each root part (large-, middle-, and small-diameter roots), and there were no significant difference in their contents. In conclusion, R. serpentina roots having a diameter ≥ 0.5 cm contain a similar amount of active ingredients, suggesting that the quality of the crude drug does not vary in the root part. Thus, our study provides significant insights into the use of R. serpentina roots for herbal medicine applications as well as constituents of active ingredients.

Rapid Mold Detection in Chinese Herbal Medicine Using Enhanced Deep Learning Technology.

Mold contamination poses a significant challenge in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), leading to quality degradation and reduced efficacy. To address this issue, we propose a rapid and accurate detection method for molds in CHM, with a specific focus on Atractylodes macrocephala, using electronic nose (e-nose) technology. The proposed method introduces an eccentric temporal convolutional network (ETCN) model, which effectively captures temporal and spatial information from the e-nose data, enabling efficient and precise mold detection in CHM. In our approach, we employ the stochastic resonance (SR) technique to eliminate noise from the raw e-nose data. By comprehensively analyzing data from eight sensors, the SR-enhanced ETCN (SR-ETCN) method achieves an impressive accuracy of 94.3%, outperforming seven other comparative models that use only the response time of 7.0 seconds before the rise phase. The experimental results showcase the ETCN model's accuracy and efficiency, providing a reliable solution for mold detection in Chinese herbal medicine. This study contributes significantly to expediting the assessment of herbal medicine quality, thereby helping to ensure the safety and efficacy of traditional medicinal practices.

Rapid and comprehensive quality evaluation of Huang-qin from different origins by FT-IR and NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.

Quality evaluation of Huang-qin is significant to ensure its clinical efficacy. This study aims to establish an accurate, rapid and comprehensive Huang-qin quality evaluation method to overcome the time-consuming and laborious shortcomings of traditional herbal medicine quality assessment methods. The contents of baicalin, baicalein and scutellarin in Huang-qin from five different origins were analyzed by FT-IR and NIR spectra combined with multivariate data technology. The quality of Huang-qin from different origins was evaluated by TOPSIS and consistency analysis based on the content of three active ingredients. The correlation between ecological factors and the accumulation of active ingredients was explored. Satisfactory prediction results of PLS models were obtained. Relatively, the model based on FT-IR combined with the PLS regression method has higher R2 and smaller RMSE than the NIR combined with the PLS method. TOPSIS and consistency analysis results showed that the quality of Huang-qin from different geographical origins was significantly different. The results showed that the quality of Huang-qin produced in Shanxi Province was the best among the five origins studied. The results also found that the quality of Huang-qin in different growing areas of the same origin was not completely consistent. The correlation study showed that altitude, sunshine duration and rainfall were the main factors that caused the quality difference of medicinal materials in different geographical origins. This study provides a reference for the rapid quantitative analysis of the active components of herbal medicine and the quality evaluation of them.

Development of a Non-Target Screening and Quantitative Analysis Strategy Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UPLC-QQQ/MS to Improve the Quality Control of Wuling Capsule.

Herbal medicine has been widely valued because of its remarkable efficacy and minimal side effects. The quantitative analysis of herbal medicines is essential to ensure their safety and efficacy. The simultaneous detection of multiple quality markers (Q-markers) has emerged as an important approach and trend in herbal medicine quality control. In recent years, non-targeted screening has become an effective strategy for the discovery and identification of unknown compounds. This study developed a non-targeted screening and quantitative analysis strategy to discover, identify and quantify the multiple components that truly represent the efficacy of Wuling capsule. Within this strategy, 18 types of flavonoids were tentatively discovered and identified from Wuling capsule by analyzing mass cleavage pathways, the precise molecular weights of compounds, and comparing the data with a database. Ten types of flavonoids were determined after the comparison of the standards. Additionally, following the evaluation of the regression equation, linear range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, repeatability, and recovery of the proposed quantitative method, six flavonoids were quantified. This method successfully screened, identified, and quantified the potential active components in Wuling capsule, providing insights for improving the quality control standards in other herbal medicines.

Standardization of Myristicin in Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Fruit using TLC-Densitometric Method

Background: Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae family), with the main content of myristicin, has been immensely used in herbal medicine. Standardization is essential to ensure the safety of natural extracts and the quality of herbal medicines using various chemical analysis techniques. Method validation is necessary to ascertain the reliability and reproducibility of the method. Myristicin is a member of the phenylpropene group, a natural organic compound found in small amounts in nutmeg fruit, which has pharmacological effects. Objective: This study aims to determine the myristicin content in nutmeg fruit using TLC-Densitometry. Methods: Determination of myristicin in nutmeg fruit extract was performed using TLC-Densitometry with silica GF254 as stationary phase, mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v), and spot visualized at 285 nm. In this study, the content of myristicin in nutmeg fruit was determined using compendial methods (AOAC), thus requiring method verification with parameters including selectivity, linearity, precision, LOD, and LOQ. Results: The validation of this method showed good linearity and selectivity with y = 0.0001x + 0.0226 (r = 0.9996) and 1.53 (>1.5), respectively. The LOD and LOQ results were low with values of 0.11 μg/spot and 0.33 μg/spot, respectively. The percentage coefficient of variation for precision was below the requirement value of not more than 4%. The average myristicin content in nutmeg fruit extract was approximately 0.0017 ± 0.0003% (w/w). Conclusion: The developed method was valid and sensitive for the quantification of myristicin content in nutmeg fruit.

Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Rapid Detection of Gallic Acid.

Gallic acid (GA) is closely related to the quality of herbal medicines and other agricultural products. In order to facilitate the rapid detection of GA, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based ic-ELISA method. Antigens with and without connecting arms were prepared. It was found that the introduction of connecting arms (linear carbon chain) was beneficial for immune response. By utilizing hybridoma technology, a specific mAb (anti-GA-M702) was screened and identified, which exhibited a 1:40,500 antibody titer and IgG2b antibody subtype. The ic-ELISA assay was established based on anti-GA-M702. The optimal working concentrations of the encapsulated antigen and antibody were 0.5 µg/mL and 0.67 µg/mL, respectively. The ic-ELISA method showed a linear detection range of 297.17-2426.61 ng/mL for GA with a sensitivity of 849.18 ng/mL. It displayed a good applicability for the determination of GA in Galla chinensis. In conclusion, the ic-ELISA method provides an efficient approach to the rapid detection of GA in products.

Pesticide residue detection technology for herbal medicine: current status, challenges, and prospects.

The domains of cancer therapy, disease prevention, and health care greatly benefit from the use of herbal medicine. Herbal medicine has become the mainstay of developing characteristic agriculture in the planting area increasing year by year. One of the most significant factors in affecting the quality of herbal medicines is the pesticide residue problem caused by pesticide abuse during the cultivation of herbal medicines. It is urgent to solve the problem of detecting pesticide residues in herbal medicines efficiently and rapidly. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the various methods used for pesticide residue testing, including optical detection, the enzyme inhibition rate method, molecular detection methods, enzyme immunoassays, lateral immunochromatographic, nanoparticle-based detection methods, colorimetric immunosensor, chemiluminescence immunosensor, smartphone-based immunosensor, etc. On this basis, we systematically analyze the mechanisms and some of the findings of the above detection strategies and discuss the challenges and prospects associated with the development of pesticide residue detection tools.

TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia

Abstract. Kartini K, Sabatini SS, Haridsa NM, Jayani NIE, Setiawan F, Hadiyat MA. 2023. TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6557-6566. Geographical origin is an important parameter that influences the quality of herbal medicine. The fingerprint of herbal plants is expressed as chemical compounds contributing to said quality. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, popular as java turmeric, is extensively used in Indonesian traditional medicine. This study aimed to validate and develop a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprint of C. xanthorrhiza, followed by chemometric techniques to classify C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes from 15 regions in Indonesia. Under selected TLC conditions (i.e., stationary phase: TLC plate Silica gel 60 GF254, mobile phase: dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethanol (10: 10: 1), detection: vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent), C. xanthorrhiza produced five zones of the compound. Extracts were stable both on the TLC plate and in the extract solution during chromatography and within 60 minutes after derivatization. In terms of precision, the chromatogram meets the requirement of intraday precision. Chemometric analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) showed that the samples of C. xanthorrhiza from 15 regions in Indonesia were grouped into five clusters based on the similarity of the chemical compounds, namely cluster 1 (Tawangmangu, Bangkalan, Kediri, and Surabaya); cluster 2 (Batu, Sragen, Tulungagung, Pasuruan, Blitar, and Lombok Tengah); cluster 3 (Ngawi); cluster 4 (Gresik); and cluster 5 (Bojonegoro, Banyuwangi, and Palangkaraya). The TLC fingerprinting with chemometrics on C. xanthorrhiza rhizome is useful for quality control based on geographic origin and authenticity identification.

Review of Advanced Herbal Technology

The use of natural products in drug development and discovery is increasing. Their chemical diversity allows them to affect multiple targets simultaneously in complex systems. The past decade has seen notable technological advancements in the field of herbal medicine. The traditional foundations of ancient medicine can provide insight into the safety of natural medicines. Now is the time to make decisions about the safety of herbal medicines. The legal status and methods used to approve herbal medicines also vary from country to country. The evaluation standard for effectiveness, safety, and quality of herbal medicines are given by WHO. Advances in science and technology are pervasive in natural medicine products. To keep pace with these developments, numerous review articles have been written on the topic to provide a user-friendly platform for those new to this vast field

Review on Advanced Herbal Technology

Herbal medicines are becoming more and more popular these days because of all of their benefits. These days, herbal treatments can be used to cure a wide range of disorders, and over 80% of people think that using herbal goods and medicines can help them stay healthy. Herbal products are being utilized by an increasing number of individuals, but some of them are being tainted or misused, which is problematic for suppliers as well as customers. The development of precise assays to quantify the significant chemicals in these items and examine their chemical makeup is proving to be a challenging task for scientists. The use of standardization is crucial to guaranteeing the biological effects and uniform quality of herbal medicines. Various methods, such as X-ray diffraction, metabolomics, and DNA fingerprinting, can be employed to ascertain the quality of herbal treatments. Methods like capillary electrophoresis and chromatography are useful for standardizing herbal remedies. The article addresses both conventional and novel therapies in this area

The improvement of kinsenoside in wild-imitated cultivation Anoectochilus roxburghii associated with endophytic community

Due to the low content of active ingredients and poor efficacy in herbal medicine in modern large-scale planting conditions, a growing number of methods for improving the content of active ingredients have been studied, such as improving planting techniques, developing and applying microbial engineering bacteria. In recent years, most studies have focused on improving the quality of Anoectochilus roxburghii through conventional farming methods. However, the role of endophytes in improving the quality of herbal medicine was often ignored. Although some studies have shown that microorganisms can regulate Anoectochilus roxburghii growth, there are still few studies on their regulation of plant active ingredients in plants. In this study, endophytic community and active ingredient content under the three culture patterns were examined through amplicon sequencing and high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector, and the correlation between the abundance of endophytes and kinsenoside content was analyzed. The results indicated a significant alteration in the diversity and network complexity of endophytic community within Anoectochilus roxburghii under the three culture conditions. After being cultivated in a wild-imitated environment for 3 months, the microbial composition of wild-imitated cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii differentiated and converged toward that of wild-tending planted Anoectochilus roxburghii. Correlation analyses showed that the diversity of bacterial community has a significant positive relationship with the content of kinsenoside, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia is the key taxa affecting kinsenoside content. In addition, acetylacetyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of kinsenoside, was significantly enriched in wild-imitated cultivated and wild tending cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii. The study proposed that the medicinal quality of wild-imitated cultivated and wild tending cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii, with high content of kinsenoside, which is likely attributed to the Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and acetylacetyl-CoA. This study provides a basis for the improvement and sustainable utilization of Anoectochilus roxburghii resources.

The Effect of Cultivation Site Altitudes on the Quality Parameters of Meniran (Phylanthus niruri L.)

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is known as a medicinal plant for immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, diuretic treatment, and kidney disorders. It has phenolic and flavonoid as the active compounds. Several commercial products utilize meniran as the main ingredient for immunomodulators. However, the standard raw material for production has not been well reported. The study aimed to standardize the quality of meniran’s raw materials from different locations and altitudes. The phenolic compounds as the active component and their antioxidant activity were further studied. The raw materials were collected from Sukoharjo, Jember, and Karanganyar which are located from 104 masl, 243 masl, and 722 masl. The specific and non-specific standardization based on Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia were investigated. The antioxidant activity was investigated. It resulted in the specific and non-specific parameters that were according to standard except for the acid soluble ash test from the Jember sample which was much higher (6.333% ± 0.969) than the standard (<1.2%). In addition, the flavonoid (1.529 ± 0.167%w/w) and phenolic (1.65 ± 0.006 %w/w) content showed that the sample collected from Jember was significantly higher than other locations. However, the strongest antioxidant activity was in the sample collected from Sukoharjo (IC50 101.84μg/mL). On the other hand, there was no correlation between the total flavonoid and the total phenolic to antioxidant activity in this plant. It suggested that the antioxidant activity in these plants did not depend on the flavonoid and phenolic compounds. In conclusion, the raw material of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) collected from 3 different altitudes showed the quality of herbal medicine of mainly non-specific parameters and met the requirements of Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The total phenolic and flavonoid as the active substances varied through all 3 different altitudes. It was in line with the antioxidant activity which varied to all 3 different altitudes due to the phytochemical profile variety.

Method Development and Validation of Curcuminoids in Curcuma Angustifolia Roxb. By RP-HPLC and Its Antifungal Activity

Curcuma angustifolia Roxb., a rhizomatous herb, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family of plants. The species is rich innutrients and is used mostly as a source of starch for Indian dishes and medicines. The published research articles for themeasurable estimation of components in Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizomes are very scarce. The present study aimed to developa quantitative analysis method for estimating the constituents in the methanolic extract of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizome andto investigate its biological activity. Within the context of this challenge, the current work is a unique effort that recommends ahigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for estimating curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxycurcumin,and bis-demethoxycurcumin, present in the methanolic extract of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizome. A reverse-phase HPLCmethod was developed to estimate curcuminoids in the extract. The method was validated and found to be precise, sensitive,specific, linear, accurate, and robust. The method validation study's findings demonstrated the method's suitability for routine use.The HPLC method was successfully applied to a marketed formulation containing rhizome powder from Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.as one of its constituents. This study investigates the antifungal activity of the methanolic extract in vitro using an agar well diffusionassay method. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established, and the antifungal activity was evaluated against Candidaalbicans and Candida glabrata with fluconazole as the standard reference. The development and validation of an HPLC method fortesting curcuminoids in Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizome and the evaluation of rhizome extract antifungal activity are excellentexamples of herbal medicine quality control in its entirety. The in vitro antifungal activity results reaffirm the usage of Curcumaangustifolia Roxb. as a source of antifungal agents. They can lead to the developing of new herbal medicines in the coming days.

Ключові засади та передові підходи забезпечення якості фітофармацевтичних препаратів

Due to the specificity of the composition and production of herbal medicines, ensuring their quality is particularly important, but at the same time an extremely difficult task. Purpose - to review the key problems, principles and aspects of the quality of herbal medicines and generalize advanced approaches to ensure their quality using the example of a phytoneering drug for the treatment of cough in acute bronchitis and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. The concept of the quality of the phytoneering drug was considered and analyzed. The central role belongs to the well-founded choice of starting plant material, the use of cultivated subspecies of plants and own seed material, which is of critical importance for ensuring the optimal and stable phytochemical composition of the extracts. In addition, the quality of the phytoneering medicines is determined by strict compliance with the GACP guideline, a standardized production process in accordance with GMP using the latest patented technologies, leading procedures for continuous quality control and the possibility of analyzing the multicomponent composition of the obtained extracts. Thus, the concept of phytoneering provides a thorough and comprehensive methodological basis for establishing quality at each stage of the life cycle of the drug and the reproducibile and consistent quality of extracts from batch to batch. Together with a thorough evidence base of preclinical and clinical research all this is an absolute competitive advantage of the phytoneering medicine over other herbal drugs. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

An expert Delphi study to derive minimum reporting set of indices for herbal medicine samples in non-clinical laboratory studies

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to establish minimum reporting sets (MRS) on the quality of herbal medicines used in non-clinical laboratory studies to secure the reliability and reproducibility, provididng basis for follow-up clinical studies and increasing scalability for industrialisation, in the long run. MethodsThe types of herbal medicines used in laboratory studies are classified into crude drugs, herbal extracts, and herbal medicine formulations. A modified Delphi survey was conducted on multi-disciplinary experts of traditional medicine in Korea. In the first round, a written survey was conducted to select candidates for MRS. In the second round, an expert meeting was held to discuss the items for MRS. The final agreement was reached in the third round to propose the determined MRS for non-clinical laboratory studies using herbal medicine. ResultsThe agreed MRS included component observation, identification, and origin (scientific names and their origins) for crude drugs and quantitative test results on key marker compounds for herbal extracts and herbal medicine formulations, respectively. It was also agreed that herbal Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Manufacturing Practice standard test results of herbal medicine samples can replace MRS. ConclusionThis study proposed a MRS items for herbal medicine samples used in non-clinical laboratory studies. Further studies on standards of quality for herbal medicine samples would be required in the future.

Authentication and identification of Lamiaceae family with cyclic voltammetry fingerprint-PCA-LDA and determination of the used phenolic contents for classification using chromatographic analyses

Todays, it is essential to evaluate and check the quality of herbal medicines in to protect the public health. As medicinal plants, the extracts of labiate herbs are used directly or indirectly to treat a variety of diseases. Increase in their consumption has led to the fraud in herbal medicines. Hence, modern accurate diagnostic methods must be introduced to differentiate and authenticate these samples. Electrochemical fingerprints have not been evaluated for their capacity to distinguish and classify various genera within a family. Since it is essential to classify, identify, and distinguish between these closely related plants in order to guarantee the quality of the raw materials, the authenticity and quality of 48 dried and fresh Lamiaceae samples, which include Mint, Thyme, Oregano, Satureja, Basil, and Lavender with various geographic origins, were examined. The present study focused on (a) classification and authentication Labiate herbs extracts and (b) identification of active compounds in samples by Gas chromatography and HPLC methods. This was accomplished using principal component analysis (PCA) and PCA-linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA). The results of the clustering revealed that PCA-LDA categorized mint species more accurately than PCA. In addition to certain flavonoids including ferulic acid, apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin, HPLC and GC analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of phenolic acids such as rosmarenic acid, methyl rosmarenate, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Comparing results of PCA-LDA with chromatographic analysis show that the authentication and detection of fraud samples were correctly performed using chemometyrics technique based on CV fingerprints. Even, there was no need to completely identify components of the mint samples.

Quality of Herbal Medicines: New Aspects and Solutions

Herbal drugs and herbal medicinal products remain of interest to Russian researchers both in terms of the development, efficacy, and safety of medicines, and in terms of the research methodology applicable to these medicine, as well as the use of new analytical methods expanding the boundaries of contemporary science and medicine. In this interview, Vladimir G. Luzhanin (Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor, Rector of the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy), Vladimir A. Kurkin (Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Full Professor, Chairman of the Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany and the Basics of Phytotherapy, Samara State Medical University), and Irina V. Gravel (Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University) share their views on the application potential and future quality assessment of herbal medicines.