Development of an Odor Evaluation Method for Citrus Unshiu Peel Using an Electronic Nose Based on the Intensity of per Unit Length (INPULTH)

Abstract

Although odor is an important indicator of herbal medicine quality, an objective odor evaluation method remains undiscovered. Quantitative measurement using previous methods is complicated as Citrus Unshiu Peel (Chimpi) emits an odor when broken. To establish odor evaluation methods for herbal medicines using chimpi as an example, we developed a reproducible method for breaking samples and an objective odor evaluation method using an electronic nose (e-nose). First, an odor-emitting device (OED) was fabricated by modifying a pill cutter, which suppressed the spread of odor components into the room air while cutting the samples. The odor was emitted from chimpi with an OED and measured using an e-nose. The cut length was then measured. The sensor intensity was positively correlated with the cut length (r = 0.840-0.927) in the same sample, and the intensity per unit length (INPULTH) calculated from the sensor intensity and cut length enables the comparison of the sensor intensity among different samples. In addition, average d-limonene emission level measured by GC-MS was positively correlated with average INPULTH (r = 0.999), which suggests that this OED and e-nose method enables the comparison of the sensor intensity and d-limonene emissions. INPULTH also positively correlated with other seven monoterpenes such as p-cymene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, and α-terpinolene (r = 0.701-0.865). Therefore, monoterpene content can be evaluated by measuring the odor in the same way as d-limonene. In conclusion, we developed a simple odor intensity evaluation method optimized for chimpi to establish an odor evaluation method for herbal medicines.