Fertility Quality Research Articles

Long-term outcomes in non-CAH 46,XX DSD.

Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) comprise a large group of rare congenital conditions. 46,XX DSD, excluding congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), represent only a small number of these diseases. Due to the rarity of non-CAH 46,XX DSD, data on this sex chromosomal aberration were confined to case reports or case series with small numbers of patients. As the literature is still relatively sparse, medical data on the long-term effects of these pathologies remain scarce. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current data on the long-term follow-up of patients with non-CAH 46,XX DSD, by covering the following topics: quality of life, gender identity, fertility and sexuality, global health, bone and cardiometabolic effects, cancer risk, and mortality. As non-CAH 46,XX DSD is a very rare condition, we have no accurate data on adult QoL assessment for these patients. Various factors may contribute to a legitimate questioning about their gender identity, which may differ from their sex assigned at birth. A significant proportion of gender dysphoria has been reported in various series of 46,XX DSD patients. However, it is difficult to give an accurate prevalence of gender dysphoria and gender reassignment in non-CAH 46,XX DSD because of the rarity of the data. Whatever the aetiology of non-CAH 46,XX DSD, fertility seems to be impaired. On the other hand, sexuality appears preserved in 46,XX men, whereas it is impaired in women with MRKH syndrome before treatment. Although there is still a paucity of data on general health, bone and cardiometabolic effects, and mortality, it would appear that the 46,XX DSD condition is less severely affected than other DSD conditions. Further structured and continued multi-center follow-up is needed to provide more information on the long-term outcome of this very rare non-CAH 46,XX DSD condition.

Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training on Some Oxidant and Antioxidant Indicators of Testicular Tissue of Diabetic Rats with Acute Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome

Introduction: Diabetes along with morphine causes many metabolic damages in the testicles by causing oxidative stress. This study aimed to reduce the oxidative effects caused by diabetes and morphine on the fertility quality of men with the help of increasing moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8: diabetes control (D), morphine diabetes (D. M), diabetes + endurance training (D+ ET), diabetes + morphine endurance training (D. M+ ET). Then induction of diabetes and morphine was done. The training groups performed 8 weeks of endurance training protocol. At the end of the study, all mice were killed and their testis tissue was isolated. The oxidant and antioxidant indices of this study were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using one-way ANOVA at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that the concentration of MDA in the diabetes group had a significant increase compared to other groups (P=0.001). However, increasing endurance training caused a significant decrease in the concentration of MDA (P=0. 001) and a significant increase in the amount of TAC, GPX and SOD (P=0. 001) in other groups compared to the diabetes group. Conclusion: The present research showed that increasing endurance training with moderate intensity caused a decrease in the oxidant index and an increase in the antioxidant index in the testicular tissue of diabetic rats with withdrawal syndrome. And this shows the reduction of infertility complications in mice.

Leaching hazards of tire wear particles in hydrothermal treatment of sludge: Exploring molecular composition, transformation mechanism, and ecological effects of tire wear particle-derived compounds

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered a significant contributor of microplastics (MPs) in the sludge during heavy rainfall events. Numerous studies have shown that hydrothermal treatment (HT) of sludge can accelerate the leaching of MP-derived compound into hydrothermal liquid, thus impairing the performance of subsequent anaerobic digestion and the quality of the hydrothermal liquid fertilizer. However, the leaching behavior of TWPs in the HT of sludge remains inadequately explored. This study examined the molecular composition of TWP-derived compounds and transformation pathways of representative tire-related additives under different hydrothermal temperatures using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with mass difference analysis. The acute toxicity and phytotoxicity of TWP leachates were assessed using Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 and rice hydroponics experiments. The results indicated that elevating the hydrothermal temperature not only amplified the leaching behavior of TWPs but also enhanced the chemical complexity of the TWP leachate. Utilizing both suspect and non-target screenings, a total of 144 compounds were identified as additives, including N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PDD), hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM), dibutyl phthalate (DBP). These additives underwent various reactions, such as desaturation, acetylation, and other reactions, leading to the formation of different transformation products (TPs). Moreover, certain additives, including caprolactam and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol, demonstrated the potential to form conjugate products with amino acids or Maillard products. Meanwhile, TWP-derived compounds showed significant acute toxicity and detrimental effects on plant growth. This study systematically investigated the environmental fate of TWPs and their derived compounds during the HT of sludge, offering novel insights into the intricate interactions between the micropollutants and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sludge.

Endometriosis in infertile women: an observational and comparative study of quality of life, anxiety, and depression

BackgroundA women’s chances of getting pregnant decreases in cases of infertility, which may have several clinical etiologies. The prevalence of infertility is estimated as 10–15% worldwide. One of the causes of infertility is endometriosis, defined as the presence of an endometrial gland and/or stroma outside the uterus, inducing a chronic inflammatory reaction. Thus, infertility and endometriosis are diagnoses that significantly affect women’s mental health. This study accessed and compared the levels of depression, anxiety, and quality of life in infertile women with and without endometriosis.Methodswas an observational and cross-sectional study which included 201 infertile women, 81 of whom were also diagnosed with endometriosis. The STROBE Guidelines was used. The data were collected using validated scales: Hamilton D Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire; The data were collected at the Ideia Fertil Institute (Santo Andre, Brazil), between February 28 and June 8, 2019.Resultsthe infertile women with endometriosis reported higher presence of depressive symptoms and a lower quality of life compared to women with infertility only. Similar presence of anxiety symptoms was observed regardless of being diagnosed with endometriosis. Women with infertility and endometriosis presented lower levels in quality-of-life domains when compared to women with infertility only - Mind and Body (58.33 × 79.17, p < 0.001), Relational (75 × 81.25, p = 0.009), Social (66.67 × 77.08, p = 0.001), Emotional (50.62 × 67.43, p < 0.001).Conclusionthe findings indicate the need for increased psychosocial support care for women suffering from infertility and endometriosis to assist them in maintaining and managing their own mental health and achieving their reproductive goals.

Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Endometriomas.

Ovarian endometriomas affect many patients with endometriosis and have significant effects on quality of life, fertility, and risk of malignancy. Endometriomas range from small (1-3 cm), densely fibrotic cysts to large (20 cm or greater) cysts with varying degrees of fibrosis. Endometriomas are hypothesized to form from endometriotic invasion or metaplasia of functional cysts or alternatively from ovarian surface endometriosis that bleeds into the ovarian cortex. Different mechanisms of endometrioma formation may help explain the phenotypic variability observed among endometriomas. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred first-line modality of diagnosis and treatment of endometriomas. Ovarian cystectomy is preferred over cyst ablation or sclerotherapy for enabling pathologic diagnosis, improving symptoms, preventing recurrence, and optimizing fertility outcomes. Cystectomy for small, densely adherent endometriomas is made challenging by dense fibrosis of the cyst capsule obliterating the plane with normal ovarian cortex, whereas cystectomy for large endometriomas can carry unique challenges as a result of adhesions between the cyst and pelvic structures. Preoperative and postoperative hormonal suppression can improve operative outcomes and decrease the risk of endometrioma recurrence. Whether the optimal management, fertility consequences, and malignant potential of endometriomas vary on the basis of size and phenotype remains to be fully explored.

A pathway study of factors influencing quality of fertility life

BackgroudTo investigate the factors influencing fertility quality of life in infertile men, constructing a structural equation model of the factors influencing fertility quality of life in infertile men, and to provide suggested measures for improving fertility quality of life in infertile men.MethodsIt is a Observational study. Infertile men (n = 250) attending a fertility centre in a hospital in Xinjiang, matched 1:2 men with no obvious male factor in the control group (n = 500).The Quality of Fertility Life Scale, the Social Support Scale, the Fertility Stress Scale and the Positive Attention Awareness Scale were used to conduct the survey. The model was constructed by applying the maximum likelihood estimation method in Mplus 8.3 software, to explore the factors influencing the quality of reproductive life of infertile men through path analyses. Differences between the case and control groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in terms of total fertility quality of life scores, core entry dimensions, affective responses, physical and mental relationships, selective treatment dimensions, and treatment tolerance.ResultsPast medical history, history of exposure to hazardous environments, health insurance reimbursement, social support, fertility stress, and mindfulness are important factors affecting the quality of fertility life of infertile men.ConclusionThe quality of fertility life of infertile men is not optimistic. By improving the level of mindfulness, fertility stress, and social support, we propose appropriate measures to improve the quality of fertility life of infertile men. These measures can improve their confidence in clinical diagnosis and infertility treatment, enabling them to cope positively with these challenges.

Acceptance and commitment therapy adapted for women with infertility: a pilot study of the Infertility ACTion program

BackgroundApproximately one in six couples are currently infertile, defined as unable to achieve pregnancy despite 12 or more months of active attempts to conceive. Experiencing infertility has been disproportionately associated with an array of psychological difficulties, particularly in women. However, currently available psychological interventions have had minimal benefits for distress, anxiety, or depression related to infertility.MethodsA one-arm pilot study was conducted to test the acceptability of a newly created acceptance and commitment therapy-based self-guided program—Infertility ACTion. Twenty women, located in Canada, completed the program and completed measures assessing expectancy of improvement, treatment credibility, participant satisfaction, treatment completion and retention, psychological flexibility, fertility quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Participants were also asked to provide feedback on how the researchers could improve the intervention. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes.ResultsSixteen out of 20 participants completed the entire intervention. Reported treatment expectancy, credibility and satisfaction were favorable. Eighty-one percent of participants reported that they would recommend the program to a friend and 88% thought the program was worth their time. Medium increases in psychological flexibility and fertility quality of life were observed. Improvements in anxious and depressive symptoms were in the small to medium range but were not significant. Participants had several recommendations for program improvement.ConclusionsThis acceptance and commitment therapy-based self-guided program proved to be an acceptable treatment for infertility-related distress. Participant feedback will be used to adjust the current intervention in preparation for a more rigorous randomized-controlled trial testing this program.

Liquid Organic Fertilizer Produced from Innards Waste of Catfish (Pangasius djambal) by Using Fermentative Microbes (EM4) and Molasses

Liquid organic fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer yielded from the decomposition of organic materials derived from varied wastes which contain more than one nutrient element. The study was aimed to determine the quality of liquid organic fertilizer made from catfish innards waste by adding fermentative microbes (EM4) and molasses. The research method used was experimental with different formulation consisting of 0% EM4 + 30% molasses (K1), 30% EM4 + 0% molasses (K2), 20% EM4 + 20% molasses (P1), 30% EM4 + 30% molasses (P2), and 40% EM4 + 40% molasses (P3). The percentage is calculated from the total weight of all raw materials used. Parameters measured include yield, pH, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. The results showed that the best value for yield was shown in K2 at 34.73%, the pH value in P3 at 5.10, total amount of LAB in P3 at 2.104 cfu/g, the value of Nitrogen (N) in P3 at 4.30%, the value of Phosphorus (P2O5) in P3 at 0.41%, and the value of Potassium (K2O) in P3 at 3.11 ppm. It is possible to increase the content of phosphorus and potassium by adding with EM4 and molasses more than 40% each.

Analysis of the Impact of Black Tea Waste on The Fertility Quality of Rainbow Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.)

Black tea is a drink commonly consumed in Indonesia, so it is not uncommon for dregs to be found to be wasteful. Waste is a serious problem that, if not handled properly, will have specific environmental impacts. Many people use tea waste as fertilizer without knowing the danger it causes to plants without further processing. This research aimed to analyze the effects of black tea waste on the fertility quality of rainbow chili plants (Capsicum annum L.). The type of research is qualitative research. The method used in this research is qualitative observation to observe the maximum height, the time to reach the maximum height, the entire leaf width, the time when the first flower appears, the time when the first fruit appears when the first fruit matures, the length of the first fruit, and the middle circumference of the first fruit of the rainbow chili plants (Capsicum annum L.) which were planted in potting soil given black tea waste with different ratio. From all the parameters observed, it was found that the best quality of rainbow chili plants (Capsicum annum L.) was in potting soil with a definite ratio of not too much but also not too little. From this fact, black tea waste can fertilize plants, but with a specific maximum level limit. Excessive amounts of tea waste can trigger alkalinity in the soil, which reduces plant fertility, and the presence of active substances such as polyphenols in it can kill decomposing bacteria, which causes new problems for the soil. Further research is still needed, especially in overcoming alkalinity and the content of active substances that can kill decomposing bacteria in the soil in black tea waste before it can be made into a commercial product like planting medium.

Comparative study on the nutrient recovery from source-separated urine using magnesium-air fuel cell in different operating modes

To address the paucity of phosphorus reserves, on-site resource recovery from urine was a viable approach in line with sustainable development imperatives. In this context, an electrochemically induced precipitation system based on the principle of Mg-air fuel cells (MAFC), capable of precipitating NH4+-N and PO43--P as struvite from urine, offered an alluring prospect. Given the dilemma of the recovered struvite quality and insufficient Mg utilization in batch mode MAFC (B-MAFC), a continuous-flow mode MAFC (CF-MAFC) was proposed to facilitate struvite crystallization via regulating liquid flow rates. The hydraulic retention time (HRT), electrode distance (D), and external resistance (R) of reactor were optimized to enhance CF-MAFC performance. Orthogonal experimental results showed that under optimal operating conditions (HRT = 108 min, D = 1 cm, and R = 10 Ω), more than 98% of PO43--P could be recovered in CF-MAFC. The PO43--P treatment load of CF-MAFC outperformed B-MAFC by 1.32 times, with a 22.57% increase in Mg utilization. The mass percentage of struvite in the recovered precipitate exceeded 85%, and the total nutrient content surpassed 35.70%, fulfilling China’s compound fertilizer quality criteria. The study findings demonstrated that a continuous-flow MAFC held significant potential for the on-site resource-oriented treatment of urine.

Possibilities of treatment of stress-induced disorders of the menstrual cycle with phytotherapy

A woman’s reproductive system is one of the sensitive indicators of the female health. Its disorders indicate the development of any pathological process in the organism, which is often manifested by changes in specific functions. The impact of constant stress during the war on women who are in the frontline territories is becoming especially relevant today. In modern conditions, when psycho-emotional stress is a part of daily existence, it leads to the formation of pathologies that reduce the quality of life and fertility of a woman.The objective: to study the impact of stress on the female organism and the formation of stress-induced disorders of the menstrual cycle and to analyze the effect of phytotherapy in the complex treatment of such conditions in women.Materials and methods. 50 women of reproductive age (18–45 years old) with various forms of stress-induced menstrual cycle disorders, which developed during their stay in the front-line territories, were under observed. The patients were diagnosed with the following disorders of the menstrual cycle: absent of menstruation, light and infrequent menstruation, heavy, frequrnt and irregular menstrustions, pain and other contitions related to female sexual organs and menstrual cycle.All patients had clinical and laboratory, hormonal and instrumental examinations to determine the form of menstrual cycle disorder. Together with the basic therapy of the specified pathologies, all patients were prescribed a dietary supplement, which included a mixture of plant powder extracts: Vitex agnus-castus – 43,87 mg, Angelica sinensis – 43,87 mg, Filipendula vulgaris – 43,87 mg, Petroselinum crispum – 18,06 mg, Apium graveolens – 18,06 mg, Galium verum – 16,13 mg, Calendula officinalis – 16,13 mg, for 3 months, 2 capsules 2 times a day with with the aim of achieving hormone-correcting, sedative, analgesic, diuretic effects. Control clinical-hormonal and instrumental studies were conducted after 3 months.Results. During the study reduction of complaints was observeed (emotional lability – by 68%, periodic headache – by 36%, sleep disturbances – by 48%, anxiety – by 50%, fatigue – by 60%), as well as the normalization of the hormonal level – a decrease of prolactin concentration in 2 times, cortisol and follicle-stimulating hormone – 1.5 times, luteinizing hormone – 1.7 times, estradiol – 1.3 times, and an increase of progesterone level – in 7 times.A decrease or disappearance of clinical symptoms the menstrual cycle disorders, namely, a normalization of the frequency, duration and regularity of the menstrual cycle, a decrease in the amount of blood loss and manifestations of dysmenorrhea were determined.Conclusions. Phytotherapy, the composition of which contains a preparation with a blend of plant powder extracts: Vitex agnus-castus– 43,87 mg, Angelica sinensis – 43,87 mg, Filipendula vulgaris – 43,87 mg, Petroselinum crispum – 18,06 mg, Apium graveolens – 18,06 mg, Galium verum – 16,13 mg, Calendula officinalis – 16,13 mg, is effective in complex treatment of various forms of stress-induced menstrual cycle disorders.

Stabilization of biomass in manure effluent using the thermophilic-aerobic process

Aerobic-thermophilic stabilization of biomass is crucial in improving the processing processes of manure. This method makes it possible to achieve effective and stable processing of organic materials contained in manure using aerobic microorganisms and elevated temperatures. The aerobic-thermophilic process includes the action of oxygen and high temperature, which contribute to the active decomposition of organic substances in manure runoff. The increased temperature helps to create optimal conditions for the action of thermophilic bacteria, which accelerates the process of biological decomposition. Studies show that aerobic-thermophilic treatment of manure effluents helps to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms and ammonia. This contributes to obtaining cleaner and environmentally safe manure suitable for use in agriculture. Advantages of aerobic-thermophilic stabilization: Faster recycling process compared to traditional methods. Reduction of odors and risk of pathogen contamination. High quality and efficiency of produced manure. Aerobic-thermophilic stabilization of biomass in manure processing is a promising direction in improving modern waste treatment technologies. Its implementation contributes to improving the quality and safety of manure and the effective use of these resources in agriculture. Research and development of this method are essential for achieving sustainable and ecologically clean agricultural production. It has been established that liquid manure of enterprises with intensive milk and pork production technologies with hydraulic manure removal systems with a humidity of 92–96 % should be subjected to aerobic fermentation in an auto thermal mode, as a result of which products are obtained that are safe from a sanitary and hygienic point of view. In addition, the loss of nutrients is reduced. which determines the quality of organic fertilizers. Established that liquid manure businesses for technology-intensive milk production and pig manure removal by hydraulic systems with humidity 92–96 % of it are advisable to expose aerobic biofermentatsiyi in autothermal mode, which allows you to get the products in a safe sanitary and hygienic attitude and reduce the loss of nutrients that determine the quality of organic fertilizers.

Female cancer survivors: sexual function, psychological distress, and remaining fertility

PurposeImproved survivorship in cancer patients leads to new challenging issues including potential impairment of quality of life, sexual function, and fertility. The aim of this study was to assess sexual dysfunction (SD) and psychological distress in female cancer survivors who underwent fertility preservation in the past in comparison to reviewed healthy control data from other published studies. Additionally, our focus was on the difference in SD between women with current desire to get pregnant and already completed family planning.MethodsIn this prospective study, 53 female cancer survivors who underwent fertility preservation at time of cancer diagnosis between 2010 and 2020 were invited to a gynecological exam, laboratory assessment, and two questionnaires (Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) in 2022. These scores were compared to results in the literature of healthy controls and depending on anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) levels, current desire to have a child, and age.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up time of 70 ± 50 months, SD was detected in 60.4% (n = 32) of the 53 included patients. Normal results regarding HADS-D/anxiety and HADS-D/depression were found in 88.7% and 94.3% of patients, respectively. At time of follow-up, 69.9% (n = 40) regained regular menstrual cycles, 52.6% (n = 20) < 40 years showed a diminished ovarian reserve with AMH levels < 1.1 ng/ml and 28.3% (n = 15) suffered from infertility.ConclusionFemale cancer survivors may be at risk for SD. Cancer patients should be informed about possible sexual dysfunction already at the start of cancer treatment and during follow-up. In addition, contraception needs to be addressed if regular cycles occur as more than two-thirds of the women regained regular menstrual cycles.

The role of CoQ10 in embryonic development.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural component widely present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. CoQ10 functions as a key cofactor for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and exhibits antioxidant properties in vivo. Mitochondria, as the energy supply center of cells, play a crucial role in germ cell maturation and embryonic development, a complicated process of cell division and cellular differentiation that transforms from a single cell (zygote) to a multicellular organism (fetus). Here, we discuss the effects of CoQ10 on oocyte maturation and the important role of CoQ10 in the growth of various organs during different stages of fetal development. These allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of embryonic development and the potential role of CoQ10 in improving fertility quality. They also provide a reference for further developing its application in clinical treatments.

Effect evaluation of different green wastes on food waste digestate composting and improvement of operational conditions.

This study attempted to determine the influence of diverse green wastes on food waste digestate composting and the improvement of operational conditions. Various effects of the green wastes (GW), with different types and sizes, initial substrate mixture C/N ratios, compost pile heights, and turning frequencies on the food waste digestate (FWD) composting were examined in the current work. The findings showed that the use of street sweeping green waste (SSGW) as an additive can maintain the thermophilic stage of the FWD composting for 28days, while the end-product contained the greatest amounts of total phosphorus (TP, 2.29%) and total potassium (TK, 4.61%) and the lowest moisture content (14.8%). Crushed SSGW (20mm) enabled the FWD composting to maintain the longest thermophilic period (28days), achieving the highest temperature (70.2°C) and seed germination index (GI, 100%). Adjusting the initial substrate mixture C/N ratio to 25, compost pile height to 30cm, and turning frequency to three times a day could enhance the efficiency and improve the fertilizer quality of the co-composting of the FWD and SSGW. This study suggested that co-composting of FWD and SSGW (FWD/SSGW = 2.3, wet weight) is a promising technique for the treatment of municipal solid waste and provided significant theoretical data for the application of composting.

The fishbone diagram analysis to know the factors that influence the decreasing interest of farmers in the cultivation of soybean

Soybean crop productivity in The Pracimantoro District ranked second in Wonogiri Regency in 2021. However, over time the stability of production has decreased. One thing that causes the decline in soybean production in Pracimantoro District is the decreased interest of farmers in cultivating. This study aimed to determine the factors causing the declining interest of farmers in planting soybeans. The research location was conducted in Pracimantoro District, Wonogiri Regency. The data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data are taken directly from the research location through direct observation at the location, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and filling out questionnaires. Secondary data is obtained through agencies related to this research, tabulated and descriptive, and literature searches supporting this research. Analysis method of data using the fishbone diagram. The results showed that the factors that influence the decline in farmers' interest in cultivating soybeans are sources of plant pest and disease risks, sources of input risk and soybean production techniques and sources of risk in the business environment. Some pests and diseases that often arise and attack soybean commodities are leaf spot, whitefly, caterpillar/pod caterpillar, leafhopper, stink bug, bacterial wilt and javelin/ladybug. The Risks from nature is that high rainfall and changing climatic conditions also make it difficult for farmers to grow soybeans. The risk from the production input sector is the unstable quality, quantity, and price of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers. Moreover, other influencing factors exist, such as the entry of imported soybeans, price games at middlemen, the absence of a lower price limit for local soybeans, and post-harvest limitations.

Assessing the Quality of Organic Fertilizer Products Made from Cow Dung in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia

Kebonagung Sub-district, Sidoharjo District, Wonogiri Regency is the Wonoagung Wonogiri Organic Farming Association (PPOWW) location. Mitra is an organization engaged in organic rice and cattle cultivation. The conversion of bovine dung into organic fertilizer, particularly liquid fertilizer containing biological agents, is one of the waste elimination strategies employed to prevent environmental contamination. The nutrient content of organic fertilizer material sources varies. Organic fertilizer of high quality conforms to the Standard for Organic Fertilizers established by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Only some producers are aware of the standard quality requirements for organic fertilizer. It is necessary to analyze the nutrient content of organic fertilizer products to determine whether the quality of organic fertilizer is excellent. A preliminary survey of partner conditions, preparation of materials (organic fertilizer), and analysis of fertilizer content are among the activities performed. The C/N ratio of organic fertilizer is 8.41, and its pH is 7.6. The analysis results indicate that the Wonoagung Wonogiri Organic Agriculture Association's organic fertilizer products meet the liquid organic fertilizer quality standards. This condition demonstrates that the raw materials used in organic fertilizer production are of high quality and that the appropriate procedures have been followed. Adding biological agents to the production of organic fertilizer can enhance the quality of the finished product.

Psychosocial Impact of Infertility Diagnosis and Conformity to Gender Norms on the Quality of Life of Infertile Spanish Couples.

Epidemiological data show that human reproductive disorders are a common problem worldwide, affecting almost one in six people of reproductive age. As a result, infertility has been identified by the World Health Organization as a public health disease. Reproductive problems can take a heavy toll on the psychosocial well-being of couples suffering from infertility. This is especially true for women, who tend to be the ones who undergo the most treatment. The main objective of the present study is to find out whether a sex-based infertility diagnosis influences the quality of life of couples with infertility. Also, we aim to find out whether the degree of adherence to gender norms influences their quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FertiQoL) and the Conformity to Feminine and Masculine Norms Inventories in a sample of 219 infertile Spanish couples (438 participants). The results show that, in all cases, regardless of the degree of conformity to gender norms and whether the infertility diagnosis was of female or male origin, women have lower scores on the self-perceived quality of life. This suggests that being female is already a psychosocial risk factor when assessing the psychosocial consequences of infertility.

Identifying fertility quality of life and affecting factors of infertile women

Amaç: Araştırmada, infertil kadınlarda fertilite yaşam kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.&#x0D; &#x0D; Yöntemler: Kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın örneklemini bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde kadın doğum polikliniklerine başvuran 172 infertil kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler; Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Fertilite Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği/Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FertiQol) kullanılarak toplanmıştır.&#x0D; &#x0D; Bulgular: Kadınların %67,4’ü primer %32,6’sı ise sekonder infertilite tanısı almış olup %54,1’inin infertilite nedeni kadın kaynaklıdır. FertiQol ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 71,62±10,92; çekirdek modülü puan ortalaması 68,19±14,36; tedavi modülü puan ortalaması da 65,38±11,50’dir. Primer infertil kadınların, tedavi modülünün genel toplam ve tedavi çevresi alt boyutu puanı daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p

The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

In forested ecosystems all over the world, usually, fire is the main disturbance, and due to global climate change, its effects are worsening in many areas. Although fire impacts have been studied for many years, integrative analyses of their effects on various ecosystem services (ES) at different scales are uncommon. This study tries to assess the ecological role of fire in a changing environment, focusing on a Mediterranean country. Data were collected by the use of an online questionnaire in Greece, where the summer fires in the last decades have had significant impacts on the environment and the economy and, in many cases, there were many human and animal victims from them. The sample size of the survey was 384 workers in the primary production sector from all over the country. The study showed that fire has several effects on animal husbandry, the quality of soil nutrients and fertility, the overall vegetation cover, and on general biodiversity. It seems that the degree to which fire has an effect on ecosystem components depends on the intensity, frequency, and length of the fires. Additionally, the frequency, intensity, and length of fire affect the impacts of fire on herbaceous plant, woody vegetation, soil physical qualities, and on the different animals’ habitats.