Fertility Quality Research Articles

Assessing the Quality of Organic Fertilizer Products Made from Cow Dung in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia

Kebonagung Sub-district, Sidoharjo District, Wonogiri Regency is the Wonoagung Wonogiri Organic Farming Association (PPOWW) location. Mitra is an organization engaged in organic rice and cattle cultivation. The conversion of bovine dung into organic fertilizer, particularly liquid fertilizer containing biological agents, is one of the waste elimination strategies employed to prevent environmental contamination. The nutrient content of organic fertilizer material sources varies. Organic fertilizer of high quality conforms to the Standard for Organic Fertilizers established by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Only some producers are aware of the standard quality requirements for organic fertilizer. It is necessary to analyze the nutrient content of organic fertilizer products to determine whether the quality of organic fertilizer is excellent. A preliminary survey of partner conditions, preparation of materials (organic fertilizer), and analysis of fertilizer content are among the activities performed. The C/N ratio of organic fertilizer is 8.41, and its pH is 7.6. The analysis results indicate that the Wonoagung Wonogiri Organic Agriculture Association's organic fertilizer products meet the liquid organic fertilizer quality standards. This condition demonstrates that the raw materials used in organic fertilizer production are of high quality and that the appropriate procedures have been followed. Adding biological agents to the production of organic fertilizer can enhance the quality of the finished product.

Psychosocial Impact of Infertility Diagnosis and Conformity to Gender Norms on the Quality of Life of Infertile Spanish Couples.

Epidemiological data show that human reproductive disorders are a common problem worldwide, affecting almost one in six people of reproductive age. As a result, infertility has been identified by the World Health Organization as a public health disease. Reproductive problems can take a heavy toll on the psychosocial well-being of couples suffering from infertility. This is especially true for women, who tend to be the ones who undergo the most treatment. The main objective of the present study is to find out whether a sex-based infertility diagnosis influences the quality of life of couples with infertility. Also, we aim to find out whether the degree of adherence to gender norms influences their quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FertiQoL) and the Conformity to Feminine and Masculine Norms Inventories in a sample of 219 infertile Spanish couples (438 participants). The results show that, in all cases, regardless of the degree of conformity to gender norms and whether the infertility diagnosis was of female or male origin, women have lower scores on the self-perceived quality of life. This suggests that being female is already a psychosocial risk factor when assessing the psychosocial consequences of infertility.

Identifying fertility quality of life and affecting factors of infertile women

Amaç: Araştırmada, infertil kadınlarda fertilite yaşam kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
 
 Yöntemler: Kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın örneklemini bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde kadın doğum polikliniklerine başvuran 172 infertil kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler; Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Fertilite Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği/Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FertiQol) kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
 
 Bulgular: Kadınların %67,4’ü primer %32,6’sı ise sekonder infertilite tanısı almış olup %54,1’inin infertilite nedeni kadın kaynaklıdır. FertiQol ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 71,62±10,92; çekirdek modülü puan ortalaması 68,19±14,36; tedavi modülü puan ortalaması da 65,38±11,50’dir. Primer infertil kadınların, tedavi modülünün genel toplam ve tedavi çevresi alt boyutu puanı daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p

The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

In forested ecosystems all over the world, usually, fire is the main disturbance, and due to global climate change, its effects are worsening in many areas. Although fire impacts have been studied for many years, integrative analyses of their effects on various ecosystem services (ES) at different scales are uncommon. This study tries to assess the ecological role of fire in a changing environment, focusing on a Mediterranean country. Data were collected by the use of an online questionnaire in Greece, where the summer fires in the last decades have had significant impacts on the environment and the economy and, in many cases, there were many human and animal victims from them. The sample size of the survey was 384 workers in the primary production sector from all over the country. The study showed that fire has several effects on animal husbandry, the quality of soil nutrients and fertility, the overall vegetation cover, and on general biodiversity. It seems that the degree to which fire has an effect on ecosystem components depends on the intensity, frequency, and length of the fires. Additionally, the frequency, intensity, and length of fire affect the impacts of fire on herbaceous plant, woody vegetation, soil physical qualities, and on the different animals’ habitats.

Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis in Adolescence: Early Diagnosis and Possible Prevention of Disease Progression.

Endometriosis has a prevalence of 10% worldwide in premenopausal women. Probably, endometriosis begins early in the life of young girls, and it is commonly diagnosed later in life. The prevalence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in adolescence is currently unknown due to diagnostic limits and underestimation of clinical symptoms. Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom in adolescents affected by DIE, often accompanied by dyspareunia and chronic acyclic pelvic pain. Ultrasonography-either performed transabdominal, transvaginal or transrectal-should be considered the first-line imaging technique despite the potential for missed diagnosis due to early-stage disease. Magnetic resonance imaging should be preferred in the case of virgo patients or when ultrasonographic exam is not accepted. Diagnostic laparoscopy is deemed acceptable in the case of suspected DIE not responding to conventional hormonal therapy. An early medical and/or surgical treatment may reduce disease progression with an immediate improvement in quality of life and fertility, but at the same time, painful symptoms may persist or even recur due to the surgery itself. The aim of this narrative review is to report the prevalence of DIE in adolescents, describe the pathogenetic theories and discuss the management in adolescent women, including the challenging road to diagnosis and the treatment alternatives.

Testing an Evidence-Based Self-Help Program for Infertility-Related Distress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Infertility-the inability to achieve pregnancy despite ≥12 months of focused attempts to conceive-is experienced by 1 in 6 couples. Women typically carry a disproportionate share of the psychological burden associated with infertility, experiencing poor quality of life, and 30%-40% experiencing depressive mood or anxiety. Unfortunately, currently available psychological interventions targeting infertility-related distress are associated with modest effects. Our team, in collaboration with patient advisors, has designed a self-help intervention for infertility-related distress involving 7 weekly 10-minute videos addressing the cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal challenges associated with infertility, delivered through a mobile app. A feasibility study suggests that it is well accepted and highly effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood among distressed individuals dealing with infertility. This study represents the next step in this line of research: a fully powered randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention to a waitlist control group. We will recruit 170 individuals struggling to become pregnant in Canada or the United States to be randomized to our 7-week self-help program or a treatment-as-usual condition. The primary outcome will be fertility quality of life, while secondary outcomes will include depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and relationship quality, assessed before and after the program as well as biweekly for 16 weeks following completion of the program. Self-reported health care use and the presence of diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders, assessed through a structured psychiatric interview, will also be assessed immediately following the intervention and at the 16-week follow-up assessment. Treatment adherence and retention will also be recorded throughout the intervention. Multilevel modeling will compare the intervention arm to the treatment-as-usual condition in terms of all continuous outcomes across the 9 measurement points. Logistic regression will be used to assess the occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders in the 2 treatment arms at the posttreatment assessment as well as at the 16-week follow-up. Sensitivity analyses will examine potential treatment moderators: membership in the LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual) communities, baseline fertility quality of life, cultural background, disability status, and pursuit of conception through medical intervention. We expect our intervention to be more effective than treatment-as-usual in improving all mental health parameters assessed and decreasing health care use related to both mental and reproductive health. Effects are expected to be larger with decreasing baseline quality of life and equally effective regardless of membership in the LGBTQIA+ communities, cultural background, or disability status. If our intervention is successful, this would suggest that it should be scaled up and made publicly available. The availability of this program would fill an important gap in light of the high rates of psychopathology among those experiencing infertility and considering the current lack of effective psychotherapy approaches for infertility. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06006936; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06006936. PRR1-10.2196/52662.

Fe/BC co-conditioners with environmental and economic benefits on composting: reduced NH3 emissions and improved fertilizer quality

The significant volatilization of NH3 during aerobic composting causes nitrogen (N) losses and environmental risks. Both iron (Fe) and biochar (BC) can influence the N conversion process in composting. Fe application can delay the maturation of materials, while biochar can enhance the quality of organic fertilizer. The combination of these two conditioners may help decrease NH3 emissions and improve organic fertilizer quality. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different doses of FeCl3 and BC on NH3 emissions and organic fertilizer quality during composting. The results demonstrated that Fe/BC co-conditioners reduced the accumulation of NH3 emissions during composting by 11.1–48.2%, increased the total nutrient content by 0.6–15.3%, and enhanced economic and environmental benefits by 0.1–23.6 $ t−1. At the high-temperature stage of composting, Fe/BC co-conditioners decreased the pH by 0.3–1.2, but there was no significant difference compared to the control at the end of composting, and they did not affect compost maturation. The structural equation model analysis suggested that the reduction in NH3 emissions was related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NH4+–N, and total nitrogen (TN). As a result, the Fe/BC co-conditioners reduced NH3 emissions by lowering the pH at the beginning of composting and increasing the content of NH4+–N. This study concludes that Fe/BC co-conditioners could complement each other to significantly reduce NH3 emissions and improve the quality of organic fertilizers.Graphical

Sosialisasi Pemupukan Berimbang Dan Kunjungan Distributor Di Desa Jawa Timur

Tillage is an activity that aims to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure and create good soil conditions for plant growth. Soil processing can be done in several ways, one of which is the application of fertilizer to plants. Farmers' understanding of efficient and effective fertilization methods is still not fully mastered. Most farmers often fertilize plants beyond the recommended dose. This community service activity aims to (1) farmers can understand knowledge about non-subsidized fertilizer products from PT. Petrokimia Gresik, (2) increase farmers' understanding and knowledge of fertilizer quality and balanced fertilization technology to achieve relatively efficient fertilizer use, (3) farmers can understand the condition of private land and understanding of the amount and type of fertilizer PT Petrokimia Gresik needed. The methods used include surveys, socialization, and practical demonstrations regarding soil testing of farmers in Putat Lor Village, Tajinan District, Malang. Based on this socialization activity, the results obtained are (1) the knowledge of farmers in Putat Lor Village regarding non-subsidized fertilizer products from PT Petrokimia Gresik is increasing (2) increasing knowledge of farmers in Putat Lor Village about fertilizer quality and balanced fertilization technology (3) farmers in Putat Lor Village know the condition of the soil from private land through soil test practices so that they can estimate the type and amount of fertilizer to be used.

Effects of diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on epigenetic modifications and DNA packaging and methylation during spermatogenesis; A narrative review.

The impact of diabetes on various organs failure including testis has been highlighted during the last decades. If on one hand diabetes-induced hyperglycemia has a key role in induced damages; on the other hand, glucose deprivation plays a key role in inducing male infertility. Indeed, glucose metabolism during spermatogenesis has been highlighted due to post-meiotic germ cells drastic dependence on glucose-derived metabolites, especially lactate. In fact, hyperglycemia-induced spermatogenesis arrest has been demonstrated in various studies. Moreover, various sperm maturation processes related to sperm function such as motility are directly depending on glucose metabolism in Sertoli cells. It has been demonstrated that diabetes-induced hyperglycemia adversely impacts sperm morphology, motility and DNA integrity, leading to infertility. However, fertility quality is another important factor to be considered. Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia is not only impacting sperm functions, but also affecting sperm epigenome. DNA packing process and epigenetics modifications occur during spermatogenesis process, determining next generation genetic quality transmitted through sperm. Critical damages may occur due to under- or downregulation of key proteins during spermatogenesis. Consequently, unpacked DNA is more exposed to oxidative stress, leading to intensive DNA damages. Moreover, epigenetic dysregulation occurred during spermatogenesis may impact embryo quality and be transmitted to next generations, increasing offspring genetic issues. Herein we discuss the mechanisms by which diabetes-induced hyperglycemia can affect epigenetic modifications and DNA packaging and methylation during spermatogenesis thus promoting long-lasting effects to the next generation.

Влияние некорневых обработок органическими препаратами на качество и урожайность продукции томата

In modern vegetable growing, much attention is paid to environmental protection, especially to control of water regime, quality and quantity of fertilizers used. The use of preparations approved for organic vegetable growing contributes to the reduction of the pesticide pollution and the enrichment of vegetable products with bioelements. The research was carried out on the territory of the V.I. Edelstein National Center for Horticulture and Vegetable Growing in a spring film greenhouse. The aim of the research is to study the effect of foliar fertilization with preparations promising for organic farming on the yield, biochemical and elemental composition of tomato fruits. Three tomato hybrids and organic preparations Rostovit and Aminozol were studied. Standard methods and GOST standards were used in the research. The quality of the products was determined in the Central Research Institute of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy and the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing. As a result of the research, the positive reaction of tomatoes to the preparations approved for organic vegetable growing and containing brewer’s yeast extracts, macro- and microelements, amino acids was established, at the same time, the species-specific reaction of hybrids was noted. The triple foliar fertilization with aqueous solutions of Aminozol and Rostovit increased the yield of the Chernysh F1 hybrid by 31% and 28%, respectively, in comparison with the control varieties. The studied preparations had a positive effect on the biochemical and elemental composition of the fruits of the studied tomato hybrids: potassium (K), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), iron (Fe), copper (Si).

Eco-friendly coatings composed of lignosulfonate-modified biopolymer and vegetable waxes for nitrogenous fertilizers

Fertilizer coatings are considered mandatory to protect the physical quality of fertilizer granules. They continue to be developed due to compliance with novel fertilizer types and, most importantly, future environmental and animal-plant health regulations. As known, bio-based contents are sustainable and eco-friendly compared to petroleum-based materials. However, many types of coatings are commonly composed of unsustainable, costly, and can be ecologically toxic, such as paraffin or mineral oil. This article presents a comparative research study to provide eco-friendly anticaking coatings composed of lignosulfonate-modified biopolymer and vegetable waxes instead of conventional coatings. This research mainly aims to find alternative ingredients instead of a petroleum-derivatives in conventional coatings. According to the results, an anticaking coating containing lignosulfonate-modified biopolymer improved the granule structure of calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer. It showed the best anticaking performance compared to other coating types. Vegetable-based coatings, on the other hand, gave results in appropriate intervals, especially at low concentrations, and showed a valuable way to develop better versions in future studies. As a result, it is seen that biopolymers can replace paraffin-based products.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЛОНГИРОВАННЫХ КАРБАМИДОФОРМАЛЬДЕГИДНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ОЦЕНКА ИХ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА РАЗВИТИЕ СУДАНСКОЙ ТРАВЫ В ВЕГЕТАЦИОННЫХ И ПОЛЕВЫХ ОПЫТАХ

The results of studies on the production of prolonged urea-formaldehyde fertilizers (UFFs) in the interaction of carbamide (urea) with formalin («carbamide:formaldehyde» = 1:(0.15÷0.4) mol). It is shown that the rate of dissolution of UFFs granules is significantly lower (10-50 times relative to carbamide). It was found that in the soil, carbamide nitrogen transforms into an alkaline hydrolyzable form within 2 weeks by 30 %, and UFFs nitrogen by only 10 %. It is shown that the value of the «digestibility index» (the main indicator of fertilizer quality) is primarily determined by the ratio of raw materials and decreases uniformly with an increase in the amount of formalin. According to the data of the thermal behavior curves (melting point, loss of mass), it was found that the residual urea content and the amount of the resulting target product, methylenediocarbamide (MDС), in the obtained UFFs samples differ slightly from the calculated values. Despite the insignificant amount of the initial formalin, a small number of other dicarbamide derivatives (monomethylolcarbamide, dimethylolmethylenecarbamide, etc.) are also formed. The number of these compounds is determined not only by the ratio «carbamide:formaldehyde», but also other technological parameters (type of catalyst, pH value, duration of interaction). In order to optimize the composition of UFFs , vegetation and field experiments were conducted (on gray forest soil of experimental fields of Kazan State Agrarian University) with Sudanese grass. The same agrochemical effect of using UFFs in vegetation and field experiments (an increase in green mass to «+ 20-21%» relative to urea) shows that in the field, due to the low rate of dissolution of granules, nitrogen leaching from fertilizers by precipitation is practically absent

Fertility Quality of Life, a Worldwide Accepted Tool to Measure Fertility Quality of Life.

Fertility Quality of Life, a Worldwide Accepted Tool to Measure Fertility Quality of Life.

Impacts of forest age on soil characteristics and fertility quality of Populus simonii shelter forest at the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land, China.

The sand fixing shelter forests in the Horqin Sandy Land are a key area in the "3-North" Shelter Forest Program in China, which has a history of over 50 years of artificial afforestation. Populus simonii Carr is one of the most dominant silvicultural species in the region. The aim of this study is to understand the soil characteristics and soil fertility of Populus simonii shelter forests at different growth stages and to establish a scientific basis for soil nutrient regulation and sustainable management of Populus simonii shelter forests at the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land. Sample plots were selected for young (≤15 a), middle-aged (16-25 a), near-mature (26-30 a), mature (31-40 a), and over-mature (≥41 a) forests. Each forest studied was in a state of natural restoration with uniform stand conditions and no artificial fertilizer was applied. These sites were selected to study changes in the soil characteristics in soil depths of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm. In order to avoid the problem of multicollinearity between soil variables and to reduce redundancy, principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation analysis, and Norm value calculation were used to select the least correlated indicators with the highest factor loadings. This was used to establish the minimum data set. The soil fertility quality of these shelterbelts in different forest ages was quantified using the soil quality index (SQI). In the growth stage from young to nearly mature forests, the soil bulk weight and pH decreased with increasing forest age. Soil capillary porosity, noncapillary porosity, total porosity, water content, field water holding capacity, and organic carbon content increased with increasing forest age and soil nutrient content gradually improved. At the stage of near-mature to over-mature forests, the effect of forest age on soil bulk density was not significant and all other soil characteristics decreased to varying degrees as the forest age increased. The soil also developed from alkaline to neutral. The SQI of the total data set and the SQI of the minimum data set consistently showed that near-mature forests (NMF) > middle-aged forests (MAF) > mature forests (MF) > over-mature forests (OMF) > young forests (YF). The results of the two evaluation systems showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05, R 2 = 0.8263) indicating that it is feasible to use the minimum data set to evaluate the soil fertility of shelter forests of different forest ages. The age of the forest has an obvious effect on the soil characteristics and overall soil fertility of shelter forests. The Populus simonii shelter forests on the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land have great soil development at the early stage of afforestation and the soil nutrient content gradually increases. The soil fertility reaches a peak when the forest is nearly mature and the soil fertility declines after the age of the forest reaches 30 years.

Goat manure formula in sludge cake wastewater treatment plant as organic fertilizer

The use of activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in industry gives a by- product in the form of sludge cake. Sludge cake presents a new problem for the environment because its accumulation causes the land to become unproductive, disrupts aesthetics, increases microbial activity, and pollutes water and soil, which can be harmful to humans and the environment. PT X is one of the industries that produces 80 kg/day of sludge cake. Based on laboratory results, X WWTP sludge cake has the potential to be used as an organic fertilizer. However, the use of sludge cake as organic fertilizer does not meet fertilizer quality standards and does not provide optimal results for plants. Goat manure is known to increase the organic fertilizer content of sludge cake in accordance with fertilizer quality standards. This research aims to find the best formula for adding goat manure to WWTP sludge cake which is carried out using four treatments, namely sludge cake without treatment, and the addition of goat manure 1.4 kg, 2.1 kg, and 2.8 kg. The stages of the research include the preparation of raw materials, the manufacture of organic fertilizers, and testing the content of organic fertilizers. The results showed that there was an increase in physical and chemical parameters on organic fertilizers, namely pH (6.6), C (22.14%), N (3.55%), P (4.65%), K (0.45%), Ca (0.52%), and Mg (0.26)), as well as a decrease in water content (15.40%) at the end of composting. The addition of goat manure with a combination of other additives to X TWP sludge cake can meet organic fertilizer quality standards. The addition of 2.1 kg of goat manure is the best formula to increase organic fertilizer.

Enhancing cultural sensitivity in the implementation of the Fertility Quality of Life Tool in Sudan: a science diplomacy perspective.

Infertility is a global health challenge impacting quality of life, particularly in low and middle-income countries such as Sudan. The Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) tool, a standardized questionnaire, is pivotal in assessing fertility-related quality of life. However, existing research on its utility has primarily been conducted in Global North and High-Income Countries, highlighting the need to shift away from neocolonialism to promote truly inclusive research and effective healthcare practices. Science diplomacy, through the adaptation and culturally sensitive implementation of research tools, can serve as a catalyst for addressing health disparities on a global scale. This study aims to assess methodological and cultural considerations that impact the implementation of the FertiQoL tool in Sudan, framed within the context of science diplomacy and neocolonialism. By investigating the challenges and opportunities of utilizing this tool in a non-Western cultural setting, we seek to contribute to the broader discussion on decolonizing global health research. Utilizing an explanatory sequential design involving surveys and interviews, we conducted a study in a Sudanese fertility clinic from November 2017 to May 2018. A total of 102 participants were recruited using convenience sampling, providing socio-demographic, medical, and reproductive history data. The Arabic version of FertiQoL was administered, with 20 participants interviewed and 82 surveyed (40 self-administered and 42 provider-administered). We applied descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, thematic analysis, and triangulation to explore methodological and cultural nuances. Most participants were educated women who lived in urban areas. While the ANOVA results revealed no statistically significant differences in FertiQoL scores based on the mode of administration [core score (F(2,99) = 1.58, p = 0.21, η 2 = 0.03) and domain scores: emotional (F(2,99) = 1.85, p = 0.16, η 2 = 0.04); mind/body (F(2,99) = 1.95, p = 0.15, η 2 = 0.04); relational (F(2,99) = 0.18, p = 0.83, η 2 = 0.04); and social (F(2,99) = 1.67, p = 0.19, η 2 = 0.03)], qualitative insights unveiled vital cultural considerations. Interpretation challenges related to concepts like hope and jealousy emerged during interviews. Notably, the social domain of FertiQoL was found to inadequately capture the social pressures experienced by infertile individuals in Sudan, underscoring the importance of region-specific research. Despite these challenges, participants perceived FertiQoL as a comprehensive and valuable tool with broader utility beyond assessing fertility-related quality of life. Our findings emphasize the significance of incorporating cultural sensitivity into the interpretation of FertiQoL scores when implementing it globally. This approach aligns with the principles of science diplomacy and challenges neocolonial structures by acknowledging the unique lived experiences of local populations. By fostering cross-cultural understanding and inclusivity in research, we can enhance the implementation of FertiQoL and pave the way for novel interventions, increased funding, and policy developments in the Global South, ultimately promoting equitable global health.

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NOCICEPTION IN CHRONIC PROSTATITIS

Introduction. The need to understand the pathophysiology of prostatitis is determined by its prevalence, usually chronic progressive course, significant impact on quality of life, fertility and sexuality. The modern arsenal of medicines allows us to achieve a clinically significant effect. Along with this, non-pharmacological methods are widely used to increase the effectiveness of treatment. However, despite significant successes in the treatment of prostatitis, the problems of insufficient efficiency remain unsolved by modern urology, and it is extremely difficult to help these patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease has always been the key to successful diagnosis and treatment. That is why it is important to determine the mechanisms of development of painful manifestations of prostatitis.&#x0D; The aim. To describe the main molecular mechanisms of tissue damage reception, in particular of the prostate gland, which are perceived as pain sensations.&#x0D; Materials and methods. An evaluation of modern literature devoted to the mechanisms of creation of nerve impulses due to damage and inflammation of the prostate gland was carried out. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE and databases of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadsky.&#x0D; Results. The main molecular mechanisms of nociception in chronic prostatitis have been determined. A review of modern literature devoted to the study of pain mechanisms as a biologically significant signal of damage at the molecular level of reception is presented. Attention is focused on the features of nociception in prostatitis, its connection with the production of inflammatory mediators, possible mechanisms of hyperalgesia and allodynia.&#x0D; As a result of stress and tissue damage, the production and release of inflammatory mediators such as interleukins, interferon, prostaglandins, bradykinin, adenosine triphosphate, protons and nerve growth factor increase. These mediators activate pain receptors located on nerve endings and are ion channels of various types: transient receptor potential, acid, purinergic, and potassium ion leak channels.&#x0D; Conclusions. The presented literature data describe the mechanisms of nociception, hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic prostatitis, the understanding of which can be the basis for the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Bioaktivator MOL Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) dan EM4 Dalam Pengomposan Limbah Daun Srobilanthes cusia Secara Aerob

The production process of natural indigo dye from the Strobilanthes cusia plant has solid leaf waste as a by-product from maceration residue. This waste can be used to make solid organic fertilizer. This research aims to determine the effective concentration of adding local microorganism (MOL) of kepok banana peel and EM4 to bioactivators obtain good quality compost. Composting was carried out aerobically with variations in the concentration ratio of kepok banana peel MOL and EM4 bioactivators of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Fertilizer quality is determined by testing the C/N ratio parameter using the Walkey &amp; Black (C-Organic) and Kjeldahl (N-Total) methods. Color, texture and odor tests were carried out organoleptically by 5 panelists. The results showed that in the concentration range of 1-5%, the MOL kepok banana peel bioactivator was more effective than EM4, as evidenced by the lower C/N ratio of the compost. The best product was obtained from the composting process with 5% MOL kepok banana peel bioactivator with a C/N ratio of 50.04%, water content of 48.74%, blackish brown color, very crumbly texture and an earthy smell. This result does not meet the standards for compost quality according to SNI 19-7030-2004, but the physical parameters such as color, texture, odor and water content meet the standards, namely blackish brown color, very crumbly texture and smells like soil.

Rancang Bangun Alfepunic (Alat Fermentasi Pupuk Organik Cair) Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Hasil Pupuk Organik Cair

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the design of liquid organic fertilizer fermentation equipment (ALFEPUNIC). ALFEPUNIC is a tool specifically designed to help facilitate the anaerobic process of fermenting liquid organic fertilizer equipped with a stirrer, removable filter, faucet, hose as a drain for gas, and a sterile bottle. In this study the method used was descriptive qualitative research method with a focus on testing the fermentation tool to determine the increase in the quality of the fermented liquid organic fertilizer. The results showed that the ALFEPUNIC tool worked optimally which was marked by organoleptic from 20 respondents who gave statements, 90% said the liquid organic fertilizer did not smell strong and 75% said the color was not cloudy. The liquid organic fertilizer test from the ALFEPUNIC tool showed an increase in the growth of kale seeds which was faster than the gallon tool and those that were watered with water. Liquid organic fertilizer fermentation tool (ALFEPUNIC) can improve the quality of liquid organic fertilizer to be better than fermentation using a tool without modification (gallon).

Design, Validation, and Examination on the Performance Improvement of Dewatering System Implemented for Biogas Slurry

The project addresses the pressing need for organic fertilizers in Nepal and explores an eco- friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. By dewatering biogas residue, this research contributes to sustainable agriculture practices. The project's methodology involved a combination of research, literature recommendations, and guidance from experienced supervisors. SolidWorks was utilized for the design phase, while ANSYS facilitated simulation works. Subsequently, the testing of the dewatering machine was conducted. The biogas slurry used for testing and sun-drying was sourced from a prototype 1m3 capacity biogas plant. The machine's performance was evaluated at various operating speeds, with 8 rpm identified as the most efficient. Notable outcomes included a liquid yield of 52.51%, an extraction efficiency of 79.11%, and extraction losses amounting to 22.80%. To enhance the quality of the organic fertilizer, the slurry sample underwent sun-drying for different durations: 24, 48, and 72 hours. Nutrient concentrations (TS, N, P, K) were analyzed, that came with the 48-hour sun-drying period proving to be the most effective in reducing Total Solid contents. Comparatively, pre-treating the slurry sample for 24 and 48 hours prior to testing in the dewatering machine allowed for an assessment of the machine's efficiency, offering valuable insights to be contrasted with the sun-drying process. This research paves the way for a greener, more efficient method of dewatering biogas slurry, aligning with Nepal's agricultural and environmental sustainability goals.