Quality Of Fenugreek Research Articles

Promotion of fenugreek organic farming through front-line demonstrations in Sikar district of Rajasthan

A field study for promotion of fenugreek organic farming through front-linedemonstrations (FLDs) was conducted in Sikar district of Rajasthan during2019-20 to 2021-22 (3 years) under Mission for Integrated Development ofHorticulture (MIDH) scheme by the ICAR-National Research Centre onSeed Spices, Ajmer. A total 29 farmers of 11 villages of Sikar wereidentified to carry out the study. All 29 farmers were supplied improvedvariety of fenugreek along with organic input viz. Trichoderma, FYM andbotanicals/neem oil. After harvesting and threshing of fenugreek everyyear, yield data was recorded from each farmer fields. As per comparisonof yield data between FLDs of organic farming and farmers/traditionalpractice it was reported that the mean yield of FLDs of organic farming offenugreek was 6.25, 7.41 and 18.94% higher in comparison tofarmers/traditional practice during 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22respectively. Farmers were satisfied with yield and visual quality offenugreek seed harvested under organic farming and willing to continueorganic farming in fenugreek. Therefore, organic farming in fenugreekcould be widely promoted in Sikar district of Rajasthan to achievesustainable development goals.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Biofertilizer on the Yield of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators and bio fertilizer on growth and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out at the Experimental field, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior during 2020-21 under agro-climatic and soil conditions of Northern Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Each replication consists of ten treatments of biofertilizers (viz., Rhizobium, PSB and KSB) and plant growth regulators (viz., GA3 and NAA). All the treatments were randomized separately in each replication. Result showed that the different biofertilizers (i.e. Rhizobium, PSB and KSB) and plant growth regulators (i.e. GA3 and NAA) treatments significantly influenced the yield, yield parameters and economics parameters of fenugreek. Treatment T4 (Rhizobium + NAA) gave the maximum yield, yield parameter and economic parameter it was found best treatment combination as compared to all other treatment combinations of biofertilizers and PGRs, while the minimum yield, yield parameters and economics parameters were recorded in treatment T1 (Control).

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Bio-Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators and bio-fertilizer on growth and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out at the Experimental field, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior during 2020-21 under agro-climatic and soil conditions of Northern Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Each replication consists of ten treatments of biofertilizers viz., Rhizobium, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) and plant growth regulators viz., Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). All the treatments were randomized separately in each replication. Result showed that the different biofertilizers (i.e. Rhizobium, PSB and KSB) and plant growth regulators (i.e. GA3 and NAA) treatments significantly influenced the growth and quality parameters of fenugreek. Treatment T4 (Rhizobium + NAA) gave the maximum growth, it was found best treatment combination as compared to all other treatment combinations of biofertilizers and PGRs, while the minimum growth, yield and economical parameters were recorded in treatment T1 (Control).

Effect of Planting Times on the Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) Under the Conditions of Kahramanmaraş

This study was performed in the 2013-2014 cultivation season with the purpose of determining the most suitable planting season of fenugreek under the ecological conditions of Kahramanmaraş. The trial was established in two different cultivation periods as winter and spring at the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone Agricultural Research Station in according to factorial randomized block design with three replications. In the study, the Gürarslan fenugreek variety as well as Candicate Line-1 and Genotype-1 fenugreek genotypes were used as material. In the study, features such as plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield per decare, thousand seed weight, mucilage rate, fixed oil ratio, fixed oil yield, crude protein ratio, humidity, raw ash ratio, and the rates of linoleic acid, alpha linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid as important fatty acids were studied. Variance analysis made on the data obtained by using SPSS statistical package program. In the comparison of the means, Duncan multiple comparison test was used. As a result, in this study, was found that in the region where the study was performed, the most suitable planting season for fenugreek cultivators is the winter planting dated winter planting when the highest values of plant height, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant were obtained. From the features studied in the research the difference between genotypes was found significant only from the perspective of seed yield per plant and fixed oil ratio. While the best results were obtained from Genotype-1 for seed yield per plant, the best results for fixed oil yield were obtained from Candicate Line-1.

Effect of Sowing Date and Phosphorus on Growth, Seed Yield and Quality of Fenugreek

The effect of sowing date (three sowing dates viz., S1= 01 November, S2= 15 November and S3= 30 November) and phosphorus levels (four phosphorus fertilizer levels viz., P0= Control, P1= 35 kg P ha-1, P2= 45 kg P ha-1 and P3= 55 kg P ha-1) on growth, seed yield and quality of fenugreek was investigated at Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during 10 October 2020 to April 2021. Growth-related data was maximum on S1 (01 November) treatment but S2 (15 November) treatment showed the best result in case of seed yield. In case of growth characters, P3 (55 kg ha-1) revealed the best result but in case of seed yield, P2 (45 kg ha-1) treatment showed the best effect. Under this investigation, it was revealed that the maximum growth was obtained by S1P3 (01 November with 55 kg P ha-1) and the minimum growth was obtained by S3P0 (30 November with control) treatment combination. The maximum pods per plant (52.61), seeds per pod (12.87), weight of individual pod (147.11 mg), the weight of seeds per plant (7.67 g) and weight of 1000-seed (13.86 g), seed yield per plot (306.72 g), seed yield per hectare (2.13 t) and vigor index (570.27) was observed from the treatment combination S2P2 (15 November with 45 kg P ha-1). It was concluded that the combination of sowing date S2 (15 November) along with phosphorus application P2 (45 kg P ha-1) were given the better performance of all the yield contributing parameters and seed yield of fenugreek. So, S2P2 (15 November with 45 kg P ha-1) treatment combination can be repeated in different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh.

Influence of phosphorus and sulphur levels on nutrient content uptake and quality of fenugreek

Background: A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during rabi 2016-17 to study the Effect of phosphorus and sulphur fertilization on growth, yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Method: The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Treatment combinations includes three levels of phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha-1). Result: Among the different levels of phosphorus, application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed, stover and biological yield. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher protein yield.N, K and S content in seed and stover was found non-significant, while phosphorus content in seed (0.54%) and stover (0.29%) was significant under the application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, it also recorded significantly higher uptake of NPK and S by seed and stover. Significantly higher seed, stover and biological yield were recorded under application of 40 kg S ha-1. Application of 40 kg S ha-1 recorded significantly higher protein yield, S content in seed and stover and maximum uptake of P and S by stover.

Water Stress Induced Changes in Seed quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) Genotypes

Background: Seed quality of fenugreek is determined by its primary metabolites and an alkaloid diosgenin. Apart from these fenugreek seeds contains total oil, saponins, carbohydrates, protein and major nutrients. Seeds are bitter in taste due to presence of an alkaloid “trigonelline”. In India, major cultivated area of fenugreek is still dependent on conserved moisture and moisture stress conditions reduces its productivity.Methods: A field experiment was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications during Rabi 2016-2017. Performance of ten fenugreek genotypes was evaluated on the basis of seed quality parameters under normal and water stress condition. Seed samples from both normal and water stressed plant were used for quality analysis in laboratory. Analysis of different quality parameters was done by using standard methods and protocol.Result: Water stress was found to increase seed total oil, saponins and diosgenine content in all the genotypes. Genotypes RMt-1, RMt-305 and RMt-143 were able to accumulate significantly higher total oil and diosgenine content in normal as well as water stress conditions. Water stress condition induced more saponins synthesis in genotype RMt-361 and RMt-351 while crude protein and total carbohydrate declined in all the genotypes. The minimum decrease in crude protein and carbohydrate due to water stress was recorded in genotype RMt-351 and genotypes Hisar Sonali respectively. Moisture was found to decrease in all the genotypes under influence of water stress conditions, minimum (13.75%) being observed in genotype RMt-305. Maximum seed yield was recorded in genotype RMt-361 both under normal as well as water stress conditions. Genotype RMt-1 had least reduction in yield under water stress condition (3.54%). Results suggested that a significant genotypic variation in seed quality parameters of fenugreek genotypes induced through stress may be utilize to introduce novelty of different purpose for developing new cultivars.

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Studies on effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.)

Studies on effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.)

Effect of Sowing Dates and Stage of Pinching on Growth, Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

An experiment entitled effect of sowing dates and stage of pinching on growth, yield and quality of fenugreek was carried out during September 2015 to March 2016 at RVSKVV College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, M.P., India, with 12 treatment combinations, comprising four dates of sowing 25th September, 10th October, 25th October and 9th November with three stages of pinching i.e., No pinching, Pinching at 25 Days after sowing (DAS), Pinching 35 DAS. These treatments were replicated thrice in split spot design and analyzed. Treatment with 10th October sowing recorded maximum plant height, number of branches, fresh weight, dry weight, number of pods plant−1, pod length, weight of pod, number of seeds pod−1, weight of seeds pod−1, thousand seed weight, seed yield, straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll content, germination %, seedling vigour index, protein%, galactomannon content. While, 25th September sown crop took maximum days for 50% flowering and for maturity. Between pinching stages studied, Pinching at 35 DAS found to be superior in respect of number of branches plant−1, fresh and dry weight of plant (g) at harvest, number of pods plant−1, length of pod (cm), weight of pod (mg), number of seeds pod−1, weight of seeds pod−1 (mg), thousand seed weight (g), seed yield (q ha−1), straw yield (q ha−1), biological yield (q ha−1), harvest index (%), chlorophyll content in leaves at 75 DAS (SPAD), germination percentage of seeds, seedling vigour index, protein (%) and galactomannon in comparison to other pinching stages.

Performance of Packaging on Shelf Life and Quality of Fenugreek at Different Storage Conditions in Kharif Season

Performance of Packaging on Shelf Life and Quality of Fenugreek at Different Storage Conditions in Kharif Season

Effect of pinching of apical buds and chemical sprays on yield and quality of fenugreek seed

Among the various means of regulating the source-sink relationship of a plant, pinching of the apical bud and exogenous application of growth regulators and micronutrients has also been reported to be beneficial in enhancing plant productivity. Therefore, with a view to improve the yield and quality of fenugreek seed, anexperiment was conducted atthe Horticultural Research Farm of Amar Singh PG College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahr, UP, during the rabi season of 2013–14. The plants were pinched at threestagesviz., P1-30 days after sowing (DAS), P2-40 DAS and P3-50 DAS, and three chemicalswere applied viz., C1-Paclobutrazol (50 ppm), C2-GA3 (100 ppm) and C3-Boron (0.1%), along with control. Nine parameters of plant growth, seed yield and quality were studied to assess the effects of the above treatments and their interactions. Results indicated that plants pinched at 30 DAS recorded significantly higher values for number of primary branches per plant (7.2), number of pods per plant (38.8), number of seeds per pod (18.6), test weight (4.3g), germination percentage (89.8%) and seed yield (9.8q/ha), compared to plants pinched at 35 DAS, 40 DAS and without pinching. Among the chemical sprays, application of GA3 (100 ppm) resulted in the production of tallest plants at harvest (57.4 cm), most number of primary branches per plant (7.1), number of pods per plant (39.0), number of seeds per pod (18.0), highest test weight (4.3g), germination percentage (90.3%) and seed yield (9.4q/ha), compared to other chemicals and control. While studying the interaction effects, pinching at 30 DAS along withapplication of GA3 (100 ppm) came out to be the best combination, which resulted in the production of maximum number of productive branches per plant (7.3), number of pods per plant (41.1), number of seeds per pod (18.8), highest test weight (4.4g), germination percentage (91.7%) and seed yield (10.3q/ha). Thus, it is evident from the present study that the yield and quality of fenugreek seed could be increased by pinching at early stage (30 DAS), followed by foliar spray of GA3 (100 ppm) at 50% flowering stage.

Studies on effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

The present investigation entitled studies on effect of bio-fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.) during the years 2012-2013. Three bio- fertilizers viz., Azospirillum , PSB and Rhizobium were used at 2 levels of N, P and K as compared with control (recommended dose of NPK through chemical fertilizers) in the fenugreek. The result of all experiment showed that the maximum plant height (36.84 cm), number of branches (3.33), number of pods (7.20), days to 50 per cent flowering (66.33), days to 50 per cent germination (13.00) length of pods (8.53 cm), yield (15.57 q/ha), yield per plant (5.85 g) and days to maturity (145.26) were recorded under 50 per cent RDF+ 50 per cent Rhizobium whereas, minimum was recorded under control.

Influence of biofertilizers along with inorganic source of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, seed yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.)

A field experiment was conducted at Hisar (Haryana) during the years 2012–13 and 2013–14 to study the response of biofertilizers and inorganic source of nitrogen and phosphorus on fenugreek variety Hisar Sonali with 16 treatment combinations in factorial RBD with three replications. The soil of the experimental field was low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in respect to available potassium. Application of 60 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 per hectare gave significantly higher plant height, branches per plant, pod length, pods per plant, and seed, straw and biological yields as well as standard germination percentage over 50 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 per hectare. Combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB and their sole application significantly gave higher plant height, branches per plant, pod length and seeds per pod. Whereas pods per plant and seed yield were recorded with combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB, which were higher over their individual application and control.

Effect of different doses of phosphorus and row spacing on the yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed

Fenugreek, despite being widely cultivated in the northern states of India, its productivity (about 1,000 kg/ha) is quite low compared to the world average of about 1350 kg/ha. Among the various constraints in cultivation of this crop, non-availability of adequate quantity of good quality seed is considered to be a major factor. The present study, therefore, was conducted at Amar Singh PG College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, during 2012-13 with an objective to standardize the optimum dose of phosphorus and ideal row spacing for obtaining maximum yield of good quality seed of fenugreek. Four different phosphorus (as single super phosphate) doses (P0 = 0, P3 = 30, P6 = 60 and P9 = 90 kg P2O5/ha) and three different row spacing (S2 = 20, S3 = 30 and S4 = 40 cm) were applied, thereby making 12 treatment combinations. These 12 treatments were tested following RBDx3 and taking ‘Pusa Early Bunching’ as the experimental material. The results obtained from the experiment revealed that there was significant effect of different levels of phosphorus and row spacing on all the yield and contributing characters under study except, number of seeds per pod. The tallest plants (49.8 cm), highest number of branches per plant (6.7) and number of pods per plant (50.5), maximum thousand seed weight (18 g) and seed yield (1575 kg/ha) were observed with the application of 60 kg P2O5/ha. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha coupled with a row spacing of 30 cm was found to be most suitable for obtaining highest yield of good quality fenugreek seed in North Indian conditions.

The impact of nitrogen fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield and quality of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Fenugreek is one of the oldest known medicinal plants that have been used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilization and Rhizobium meliloti inoculation on the yield, yield components and seed quality of fenugreek. The experiment was performed during two growing seasons. Chlorophyll content was determined with the use of the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. After harvest, biometric measurements were performed and the chemical composition of vegetative organs and seeds was determined in fenugreek plants. At 43 DAS, the chlorophyll content of control plant leaves was determined as 46 SPAD, and it decreased with plant growth. In treatments fertilized with nitrogen, the chlorophyll content of leaves increased from 48.5 (N0.5) 56.1 (N1) SPAD (43 DAS) to 58.2 (N0.5) 60.6 (N1) SPAD (58 DAS).Seed inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti was more highly correlated with seed quality than plant habitus and yield components. Inoculation decreased (by 11.5%) the crude fat content of fenugreek seeds, and increased phosphorus, calcium and sodium concentrations. Nitrogen fertilization significantly influenced morphological parameters and yield components, and it contributed to a significant increase in the total protein content of seeds.

The Effects of Varying Row Spacing and Phosphorus Doses on the Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and phosphorus applications (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha -1 ) on the yield and quality of fenugreek in Van-Turkey, in 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Field experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental fields of Agricultural Faculty of Yuzuncu Yil University. As a result of the research, while all the growth and yield parameters except for thousand seed weight and protein content were significantly affected by row spacing applications. Phosphorus fertilizer applications positively affected all the traits examined except for pod length. Consequently, the highest seed yield (777.0-785.0 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 30 cm row spacing in the both experimental years, respectively. In phosphorus applications, while the highest seed yield (731.0 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 60 kg P ha -1 applications in 2006 year, the highest seed yield (742.0 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 90 kg P ha -1 applications in 2007 year. But, between 60 and 90 kg P ha -1 applications there was not an important difference in the both experimental years. However, the highest protein content (23.0 %) was obtained from 20 cm row spacing and 30 kg P ha -1 applications in the 2006 year.

The Effects of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilizers on The Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen and sulphur applications on the yield and quality of fenugreek in Van, Turkey in 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Field trials were designed in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental fields of Agricultural Faculty of Yuzuncu Yil University. In the study, plant height (cm), the number of branches (branch plant -1 ), first pod height (cm), the number of pods (pod plant -1 ), the number of seeds in the pod (seed pod -1 ), pod length (cm), thousand-seed weight (g), seed yield (kg ha -1 ), protein content (%) and protein yield (kg ha -1 ) were determined. The all growth and yield parameters except for thousand seed weight were significantly affected by nitrogen fertilization. All the parameters except for the number of branches, pod length and thousand seed weight were affected by sulphur fertilization.The highest seed y ields (853.0 and 815 kg ha -1 ) were obtained from 90 kg N ha -1 and 20 kg S ha -1 applications in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The highest protein content (24.2 %) was obtained from 90 kg N ha -1 and 40 kg S ha -1 applications in both experimental years.