Quality Of Electricity Supply Research Articles

Detection of electricity theft based on Minimal Gated Memory network combined adaptive synthesis sampling and decision tree

Advanced metering infrastructure is the foundation for recording and analyzing the massive, high-frequency electricity consumption data. With the increasing number of electricity theft issues caused by tampering with smart meters, it is necessary to detect electricity theft anomalies. For effective electricity theft inspection, an electricity theft detection method based on Minimal Gated Memory（MGM） network combined Adaptive Synthesis (ADASYN) sampling and Decision Tree (DT) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method considers that the number of electricity theft consumers is far less than that of honest consumers, and the electricity theft detection is a problem of data imbalance. From the perspective of data, ADASYN sampling method is selected to process the sample data of electricity theft consumers. In order to detect electricity theft effectively, the DT is further introduced for feature selection, and combined with the newly proposed MGM network to distinguish honest consumers and electricity theft consumers. Six forms of electricity theft attacks are introduced in this research. Based on real data from smart meters in Ireland, two experiments are designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that our proposed method perform the best in Precision, Recall, F1-score and Area Under the Curve (AUC) when detecting electricity theft. The method proposed in this research can provide a new idea and approach for the detection of electricity theft and maintain the electricity supply quality and safety of smart grid.

Development of an intelligent solution for the optimization of a hybrid system using renewable energy sources

Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of clean and abundant energy harvested from natural resources, self-renewable sources such as sun, wind, water, earth, and plants. In this work, we optimize the hybrid system using Homer power program, where the hybrid system is composed by solar panels, wind turbines with batteries to supply 20 homes that are not equipped with electricity in Ouzera area (Medea, Algeria), and by taking the results presented by the Homer program for Ouzera region, we obtained the cost of each day, of each season and the cost of energy ($/kWh), as well as the optimal number and characteristics for each solar panels and wind turbines with storage batteries. The homer software allows us to obtain real results in taking into account the constraints cost and variations in off-grid weather data. The most important criterion of this technique for optimizing renewable energy systems was the cost, seeking to minimize the expenses, while ensuring optimum quality and continuity of electricity supply.

Implementation of Fast Fourier Transform and Artificial Neural Network in Series Arc Fault Identification and Protection System on DC Bus Microgrid

A microgrid is a cluster of electrical sources and loads that are interconnected and synchronized. Microgrid operation is typically divided into two modes, isolated or connected to the grid with a single or standalone control system. In this context, it can enhance the reliability and quality of electricity supply for connected customers. When using a microgrid system, it is important to consider the risk of series arc faults. Series arc faults are sudden bursts of flames resulting from ionization of gas between two electrode gaps. These faults can occur due to manufacturing defects, installation Errors, aging, or corrosion on conductor rods, leading to imperfect connections. Detecting series arc faults in DC microgrid system operations can be challenging using standard protective devices. Failure in the protection system can pose risks of fire, electrical shock hazards, and power loss in the DC microgrid.Therefore, a device has been designed to detect series arc faults by utilizing the fast Fourier transform method and artificial neural network, which function to analyze DC signal and make decisions when faults occur by examining the average sum of current frequency values during normal and fault conditions. In this study, the average sum of current frequency values during normal conditions was found to range from 0.35437 to 0.36906 A, while during fault conditions, it ranged from 0.21450 to 0.22793 A, with an average protection identification time of 1087 ms and an ANN output accuracy of 99.98%.

Modelingand method for assessing the efficiency of the power system

The work is dedicated to addressing the issues related to assessing the efficiency of modern electrical power systems, especially as an increasing number of consumers desire to actively influence the electricity supply schedule, providing conditions to electricity producers. The research can be divided into two main segments: the development of a model for assessing the efficiency of electrical power system operation and the development of a method for analyzing the performance of the energy system, which is based on a model of changes in the quality indicators of the energy system. The proposed model takes into account properties of the energy system such as the probability of uninterrupted network operation, normalized frequency of electrical power, the volume of consumed electrical energy, and the electrical energy supplied by the transmission organization. It is expected that this model will help provide a more accurate assessment of the efficiency of energy system operation under normal operating conditions. Furthermore, a method for analyzing the efficiency of energy system operation has been developed, which is based on a model of changes in the quality indicators of the energy system. A unique featureof this method is the introduction of a new comprehensive indicator of energy system efficiency, which is determined using a convolution method of partial indicators, namely: the volume of electrical energy supply, the quality of electrical energy supply,and the efficiency of electrical energy supply. The reliability of the model was confirmed through the calculation of the daily electric supply and load schedule.

The impact of an improvement in the quality and reliability of rural residential electricity supply on clean cooking fuel adoption: Evidence from six energy poor Indian states

We present the first evidence of the causal effect of the quality and reliability of residential electricity supply on clean cooking fuel adoption and use in rural areas of six energy poor Indian states using household-level panel data from 2015 and 2018. Quality and reliability of electricity are measured using the number of hours of electricity supply in a day, the number of days of low voltage and the number of complete power outage days experienced in a month. We used the village-level variation in the coverage of a nationwide government program, (i.e., the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY)), that aimed to improve the quality and reliability of rural residential electricity supply, as an instrument. Our results show a positive effect of an improvement in the quality and reliability of electricity on liquefied petroleum gas adoption and use; and disadoption of traditional cooking fuel. The effects were significant for both poor and non-poor, and lower-caste households’ transition to clean cooking fuel. We find that the improvements in economic wellbeing, adoption of time-saving technologies, information access, and energy-efficient technology adoption played important mediating roles. These findings, for the first time, reveal the complementary role of electricity quality and reliability improvement with the adoption of clean energy sources, and thus supporting the achievement of important developmental outcomes. The findings thus underscore the need to invest in seamless and reliable electricity as a pathway to achieve the target of universal access to clean cooking fuels by 2030.

Perbaikan Faktor Daya Pada Sistem Kelistrikan di PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan Dengan Simulasi Aliran Beban Menggunakan Etap

Electrical energy needs a very significant increase every year and according to the supply voltage to provide enough quality electricity supply. The increase in energy demand is also followed by the demand for reactive power due to increased inductive loads. PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan is one of the users of quite large inductive loads, because almost at every point of the oil drilling location there are inductive loads installed including transformers and induction motors. In this writing, the author tries to briefly describe the use of bank capacitors used at PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan. From the data and research results that have been carried out, it can be concluded that, with the addition of bank capacitors to the electrical system at PT.Pertamina Hulu Rokan it can help compensate for the lack of reactive power in the electrical system which is currently being used at PT.Pertamina Hulu Rokan

ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY IN SULEJA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

The duration, legality, and reliability of electricity supply constitute one of the biggest challenges that residents of Suleja LGA have to contend with. These electricity access indicators manifest themselves in limited hours of electricity supply, estimated billing, and abrupt interruption of electricity daily. The electricity challenges encountered threaten the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goal 7 across the LGA. This study assesses access to grid electricity in Suleja LGA. In carrying out this assessment, the indicators of grid electricity access by employing the Multi-tier energy framework to measure access to grid electricity and the performance of SDG 7 in Suleja LGA was examined. Using data collected from 149 households in Suleja LGA, household socio-economic characteristics were used to evaluate the household determinant of electricity access. The study reveals that acute duration and reliability of electricity access were recorded in Suleja LGA with indexes of 0.26 and 0.17, respectively. Aggregate grid electricity access of 0.61, which implies fair electricity access, was also recorded in Suleja LGA. The study further shows that the income of the household head is the only significant predictor (<.001) of the level of grid electricity access, while other factors do not significantly influence the level of grid electricity access 9 > 0.05. This study thus recommends improving the duration and reliability of grid electricity supplied by the Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC). The study further recommends that the good indexes recorded for affordability, health/safety, and quality of electricity supply should be sustained by the AEDC.

Electricity supply quality and use among rural and peri-urban households and small firms in Nigeria

We present a household and enterprise energy survey dataset collected within the framework of the PeopleSuN project in Nigeria in 2021. Across three Nigerian geopolitical zones, a total of 3,599 households and 1,122 small and medium-sized enterprises were surveyed. The sample is designed to be representative of rural and peri-urban grid-electrified regions of each zone. Our surveys collect data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, energy access and supply quality, electrical appliance ownership and usage time, cooking solutions, energy related capabilities, and supply preferences. We encourage academic use of the data presented and suggest three avenues of further research: (1) modelling appliance ownership likelihoods, electricity consumption levels and energy service needs in un-electrified regions; (2) identifying supply-side and demand-side solutions to address high usage of diesel generators; (3) exploring broader issues of multi-dimensional energy access, access to decent living standards and climate vulnerability.

МОДЕЛЬ ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ТА ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ КРАЇНИ

Abstract. The research focuses on addressing the challenges of evaluating the effectiveness of modern power systems in countries with different configurations. Given the growing interest of con-sumers in the impact on the electricity supply schedule, the research is divided into two main parts. Firstly, a model has been developed to assess the operational efficiency of the power system. Secondly, a method for analyzing the efficiency of the energy system has been developed, based on a model of changes in energy system quality indicators. The presented model takes into account energy system characteristics such as the probability of network failure, normalized frequency of electricity, and the volume of consumed and supplied electrical energy. It is expected that this model will provide a more accurate assessment of the efficiency of the energy system under normal operating conditions. Additionally, a method for analyzing the operational efficiency of the energy system has been developed, based on a model of changes in energy system quality indicators. The uniqueness of this method lies in the introduction of a new comprehensive indicator of energy system efficiency, deter-mined by the convolution method of partial indicators, namely: the volume of electricity supply, supply quali-ty, and electricity supply efficiency. The reliability of the model is confirmed by calculations of the daily schedule of supply and load. Keywords: electric power system, electricity supply efficiency, evaluation of power supply system effi-ciency, electricity indicators, load schedule, consumer management, electricity supply quality.

МОДЕЛЬ ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ТА ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ КРАЇНИ

Abstract. The research focuses on addressing the challenges of evaluating the effectiveness of modern power systems in countries with different configurations. Given the growing interest of con-sumers in the impact on the electricity supply schedule, the research is divided into two main parts. Firstly, a model has been developed to assess the operational efficiency of the power system. Secondly, a method for analyzing the efficiency of the energy system has been developed, based on a model of changes in energy system quality indicators. The presented model takes into account energy system characteristics such as the probability of network failure, normalized frequency of electricity, and the volume of consumed and supplied electrical energy. It is expected that this model will provide a more accurate assessment of the efficiency of the energy system under normal operating conditions. Additionally, a method for analyzing the operational efficiency of the energy system has been developed, based on a model of changes in energy system quality indicators. The uniqueness of this method lies in the introduction of a new comprehensive indicator of energy system efficiency, deter-mined by the convolution method of partial indicators, namely: the volume of electricity supply, supply quali-ty, and electricity supply efficiency. The reliability of the model is confirmed by calculations of the daily schedule of supply and load Keywords: electric power system, electricity supply efficiency, evaluation of power supply system effi-ciency, electricity indicators, load schedule, consumer management, electricity supply quality.

THE EXCESSIVE TECHNICAL LOSSES OF ELECTRICITY IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS OF POWER CONSUMPTION

Reducing electricity losses in electrical networks is a complex complex problem that requires significant capital investments necessary for optimizing the development of electrical networks, improving the electricity accounting system, introducing new information technologies in marketing activities and managing network modes, training personnel and equipping them with means of testing measuring devices etc. In reality, in recent years, in connection with the inclusion of normative losses in the tariff for electric energy transmission services, a dangerous trend of adapting these norms to actual losses has emerged. The article analyzes the occurrence of power losses in electrical engineering systems and electrical networks of various voltage classes. Special attention is paid to the so-called excess losses, which are not taken into account during design and operation. These losses occur in insulators, linear fittings, current-limiting reactors, electricity meters, windings of current and voltage transformers, etc. Excessive losses of electricity in electric networks are direct financial losses of electric power companies. Savings from reducing losses could be directed to technical re-equipment of networks; staff salary increase; improvement of the organization of electricity transmission and distribution; increasing the reliability and quality of electricity supply to consumers. Unaccounted losses reach approximately 1% of the total amount. This fact must be taken into account. Because currently we are talking about millions of losses.

Development of economic processes utilizing solar energy

The concern of the electric utility companies to prioritize tight control on system performance is addressed in the paper as it immensely helps planning maintenance expenditure economically with customers’ expectations fully met. . The paper aims at making a comparative study of performance of the micro-grid power system with that of the interconnected micro-grid and national grid. A micro-grid that utilizes solar energy in sparse locations in hilly terrain for ensuring reliable electric supply to industrial houses engaged in product manufacturing processes has been considered. These manufacturing processes as a part of small and medium industries introduce goods and services necessary for securing economic growth and development in the country side where grid power supply is subject to frequent weather disturbances, and hence, very costly from the perspective of sustenance as well as maintenance. The solar energy trend has given scope for self-reliance and better livelihood of people who live away from cities but the products what they manufacture may be sent for consumption in the nearby cities. Thus, more and more dependence on the solar energy leads to nation’s economic growth policy. Moreover, it adds to uninterrupted and quality electric supply using clean energy in place of fossil fuels-based generation of electricity to protect environment; allows reducing health hazards and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Using reliability techniques, solar energy plant performance is quantitatively judged and compared with respect to the performance of the national grid supplying power supply to the remotely located population. The improved energy security, easy access and operational responses of the solar plant as a substitute to the grid power supply help develop economic growth of a nation.

Are natural resources also bad for infrastructure quality?

AbstractThis study contributes to the extensive non‐consensus literature on the resource curse by examining the effect of natural resource dependence on infrastructure quality. We show that natural resources on average have a negative effect on the overall quality of infrastructure, including the quality of various infrastructures such as roads, ports, railroads, airports and the quality of electricity supply. However, we find that, beyond a certain threshold, natural resources improve the quality of some infrastructure. This study also supports the importance of improving the quality of institutions, as we show that natural resources are a blessing for the infrastructure quality in countries with a better institutional framework.

РОЗРОБКА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ТА АЛГОРИТМІВ КОРИГУВАННЯ МОДЕЛІ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ТА ЦИВІЛЬНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ

The purpose of the work is the development of algorithms and information tools to increase the reliability of istribution electric networks and improve the quality of electricity supply of industrial and civil objects due to decentralized Electricity generation. Today, for the energy security of Ukraine, the energy sector is moving from a purely centralized model of electricity supply to consumers, the basis of which are powerful TPPs and nuclear power plants, to a combined one, when part of the electricity is produced by decentralized generation in RES sources of electricity. By distributed generation (RG) we understand sources of electric energy connected directly to the distribution network or connected to such a network from the side of electricity consumers. The wide spread of distributed generation is primarily associated with the appearance of highly efficient gas turbine and steam-gas plants and the development of renewable sources of electricity. Among them, wind power plants (SPP) and direct conversion solar power plants (SPP) have become the most widespread. The introduction of RG in electrical networks, especially built on the basis of renewable energy sources (RES), in addition to reducing the ecological burden on the environment and solving many problems associated with waste emissions during the production of electricity, will allow, firstly, to significantly increase the efficiency of the use of primary resources and , in the future, to reduce the cost of electricity; secondly, it will unload both the system-forming and trunk and distribution electric networks. However, this process has both positive and negative consequences for the functioning of RES. The integration of RES into the electric power system is complicated by the fact that the existing RES were designed and operated with a focus on centralized power supply. The growth of the share of RES in the total balance of electricity generates new problems and tasks that are not typical for the past period. They are connected, first of all, with the instability of RES generation due to their natural dependence on the influence of the environment.

Optimal operating scheme of neighborhood energy storage communities to improve power grid performance in smart cities

In Smart Cities (SC), the efficient management of services such as health, transport, public safety, and especially the electricity ensures the welfare of citizens. In recent years, the insertion of renewable sources (RSs) (e.g., solar and wind) in the power grid (PG) of SCs has contributed to meeting the electricity needs of the various consumer units. However, the large-scale integration of these RSs can fatigue the assets, leading to their premature aging and, consequently, compromising the quality of electricity supply. To overcome these challenges, the implementation of Neighboring Energy Storage Communities (NESCs) employing demand response (DR) strategies along with efficient coordination of storage batteries (SBs) could be a promising alternative. In this sense, the present work proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to efficiently manage SBs and the set of household appliances, including charging electric vehicles (EVs), in an NESC provided solely by PG. The proposed model aims to minimize: the total costs related to energy consumption, the peak rebound effect on the total consumption profile, energy wastage through load factor (LF) improvement, and the deep discharges in the SBs during their daily operational cycle. Operational constraints related to the home appliances, such as average usage time, the number of times that the appliance is used daily, etc., are taking into account. The EV state-of-charge (SOC), EV charging rate limits, and initial and final SOC of the SBs, are also considered. A Monte Carlo Algorithm (MCA) is used to simulate the habitual consumption patterns of each customer. The proposed model was implemented in AMPL and solved using CPLEX. The performance of this proposed model is evaluated considering two NESCs differentiated by the number of consumer communities. A first NESC (small-scale) is analyzed considering only two consumer communities. In this NESC, two case studies (Case 1 and 2) are discussed. Next, the second NESC (large-scale) that considers 14 consumer communities is analyzed for the most complete case study (Case 2). Within each NESC, consumer communities are differentiated by the household income and the types of SBs (individual and shared) that support each community. The results corroborate the applicability of the MILP model to real case studies on a diverse scale, guaranteeing the efficient use of PG at the same time that each SB seeks the most optimized operation.

REGULATION OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY QUALITY AS A NECESSARY FUNCTION IN THE REGULATION OF MONOPOLY SERVICES

The article analyzes the shortcomings of price regulation as a function in the regulation of the monopoly activity of electricity distribution that does not include the quality regulation of electricity supply. Also analyzed is a conceptual model for launching an electricity supply quality regulation system with special emphasis on the reliability of supply as the crucial aspect of supply quality regulation. Developing the continuity of supply regulation will ultimately facilitate the introduction of an integrated regulation model comprising electricity price and electricity supply quality. The article also describes the experiences of the Hungarian regulatory authority in stepby- step introduction of price regulation and in integration of supply quality into the price regulation model.

CHANGES OF THE CONCEPT OF NEUTRAL POINT EARTHING OF MID-VOLTAGE GRIDS

Neutral point earthing of mid-voltage grids is implemented variously around the world, depending on the practice of individual countries with the emphasis on the technical regulations in force. Croatia is in the process of transition from star-point earthing through resistors to resonant earthing. Questions on the choice of arc suppression coil technology and the consequences for the operation of relay protection in transformer stations arise in relation to that. It is necessary to view all technical-economic aspects in order to reach an appropriate solution, while at the same time acknowledging the reliable operations of star-point earthing devices, and ensuring a satisfactory quality of electric energy supply.

Requirements for New Grid Codes: A Review in Spain & Portugal

To continue to make successful progress towards the achievement of net zero emissions by 2050, a significant number of new facilities based on renewable technologies must continue to be deployed at large scale. However, the integration of large capacities of renewable generation sources into power systems leads to a series of challenges that must be urgently addressed. On the one hand, the intermittent character of renewable resources may lead to imbalances between generation and demand curves, and on the other hand, transmission and distribution system operators will have to carefully consider the impact of reduced power system inertia due to the increase in the number of renewable power plants. Under this framework, stricter technical requirements will be demanded to new power plants that will be integrated into the grid to guarantee quality of electricity supply. These requirements are included within increasingly modern and up-to-date network connection -or gridcodes. Thus, grid codes have a significant role to play in the years to come towards the transition of a more sustainable future, and therefore this paper presents an overview of two grid codes for connecting new generation units across Europe, focusing on the current situation of Iberia. A special emphasis is given on the detailing of certain grid code requirements based on a comparison between the Portuguese and the Spanish grid codes, together with few highlights on the operational procedures for connecting new generation units on both regions.

Power Transmission Lines: Worldwide Research Trends

The importance of the quality and continuity of electricity supply is increasingly evident given the dependence of the world economy on its daily and instantaneous operation. In turn, the network is made up of power transmission lines. This study has been carried out based on the Scopus database, where all the publications, over 5000 documents, related to the topic of the power transmission lines have been analyzed up to the year 2022. This manuscript aims to highlight the main global research trends in power transmission lines and to detect which are the emerging areas. This manuscript cover three main aspects: First, the main scientific categories of these publications and their temporal trends. Second, the countries and affiliations that contribute to the research and their main research topics. Third, identification of the main trends in the field using the detection of scientific communities by means of the clustering method. The three main scientific categories found were Engineering, Energy and Computer Science. This research is most strongly developed in China, as the top 10 institutions are from this country, followed by USA and in third place by Russia. Twelve lines of research have been detected: Line Inspection, Leakage Current, Magnetic Fields, Fault Location, Icing, Lines Design, Natural Disasters, Temperature, Half-wave, Arc Flash, Pattern Recognition, and Artificial Intelligence. This research will open new perspectives for future research on power transmission lines.

Monitoring of power transformers using thermal model and permission time of overload

<p><span>This paper presents the problem of increasing the reliability of electricity</span> supply to consumers. Uninterrupted power supply to electricity consumers depends on the reliability of power supply system in general and power transformers in particular, the accident rate of which is quite high. The causes of the problem are the location of transformer substations at a considerable distance from the service centers, their spreading out over a large area, missing information about the current modes of their operation and so on. One of the ways to solve this problem is development and implementation a system for continuous diagnostics of power transformers. Failure analysis of power transformer based on fault tree is considered, the diagnostic parameters are determined. The insulation wear rate and permission operating time under overload have been defined with help of equivalent heat circuit. It is proposed to use a permission time as a parameter to diagnose the operation mode and increase the efficiency of maintenance of substations through remote monitoring based on the global service mobile (GSM) network. Remote diagnostics allows to receive an information about emergency situation timely. It helps to reduce operating costs, to ensure the reliability and quality of electricity supply for consumers.</p>