Earnings Quality Research Articles

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Likuiditas, Konservatisme, Dan Pertumbuhan Laba terhadap Kualitas Laba

The purpose of this study is to determine how firm size, liquidity, conservatism, and earnings growth affect earnings quality as the firm grows. Property and real estate manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2021 are the subject of this study. Using purposive sampling method, a sample of 48 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange was selected. The data was tested with multiple linear regression. This study shows that company age has a positive effect on earnings quality as a control variable, liquidity has a positive effect on earnings quality, conservatism has a negative effect on earnings quality, and company size has a negative effect on earnings quality.

The Influence of Capital Structure, Profitability, Good Corporate Governance on Earnings Quality and Its Impact on Company Value

The primary aim of this research is to examine the impact of Capital Structure, Profitability, and the Implementation of Good Corporate Governance on Earnings Quality and then examine the impact on Company Value amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The following research will include comparative studies on companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. This research uses quantitative methods with a causality approach. Purposive sampling is a research methodology used in sampling techniques. This research was conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Malaysia Stock Exchange during the period 2019 to 2021. The findings of this research reveal that there are differences between Indonesia and Malaysia. The findings of a study conducted in Indonesia show that factors such as capital structure, profitability and corporate governance have a significant influence on earnings quality. However, the findings of a study conducted in Malaysia show that only profitability has an influence on earnings quality. The findings of this research also indicate that companies located in Indonesia and Malaysia in terms of the influence of capital structure and corporate governance on earnings quality have no impact on company valuation. The influence of profitability on earnings quality in Malaysia has an impact on company value.

International trade, mandatory IFRS adoption and financial reporting quality

Purpose This study examines how bilateral international trade among mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopter countries moderates the relation between IFRS adoption and firms’ financial reporting quality. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from 2007 to 2015 and focus on publicly listed firms from non-European Union countries that adopted IFRS on a mandatory basis. Findings The authors find that the interaction between mandatory IFRS adoption and a country’s bilateral trade with other countries using IFRS is negatively and significantly related to accruals-based earnings management, which is an inverse measure of financial reporting quality. This result is driven by firms in less developed countries. The improvement in accounting quality is for firms located in countries that both fully and partially adopt IFRS. The authors also find a significant and negative coefficient for the relation between real earnings management and the interaction between mandatory IFRS adoption and a country’s bilateral trade with other IFRS countries in the post-global financial crisis period. Originality/value Overall, the authors’ results are consistent with the notion that the mandatory adoption of IFRS creates a positive externality where firms improve their accounting quality because increased financial statement comparability means that foreign customers and suppliers can monitor the quality of earnings more easily.

Synchronicity and Sentiment: Decoding Earnings Quality and Market Returns in EU under Economic Policy Uncertainty

This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty on earnings quality and market returns in the European Union, a topic of growing importance in the wake of fluctuating global economic conditions. Using data from 14 EU countries spanning the period from 2000 to 2022, the findings of this study are significant, revealing a clear correlation between heightened economic policy uncertainty and altered investor behavior, as well as a deterioration in earnings quality. We also found that (a) stock market returns are threatened by the shroud of economic uncertainty, (b) higher market sentiment anticipates a negative return but, on the other hand, lower market sentiment expects an increase in the return, (c) stock market returns are higher in the case of highly accurate analyst forecasts, and (d) stock market returns are higher in the case of a higher level of stock return synchronicity. These insights have profound implications for investors, policymakers, and scholars, offering a deeper understanding of market dynamics under uncertainty and guiding more informed decision-making in turbulent economic times.

Do Investors Undervalue Female Directors Due to Gender Role Stereotypes? Evidence from the United States

We show that female directors are associated with higher equity undervaluation after controlling for the effects of female managers, firm performance, corporate governance, risk, dispersion in analysts’ earnings forecasts, firm size, stock price informativeness, and earnings quality. This association is less pronounced after increased societal awareness of female directors. Our findings are robust to the use of alternative measures of key variables and various tests of endogeneity. We further find that female directors’ committee membership, committee chair role, board tenure, and board experience are positively associated with equity undervaluation. Additional results show that female directors’ age and ethnicity also impact equity undervaluation, and the undervaluation of female directors mostly occurs for firms operating in male‐dominated industries. Our results collectively suggest that investors’ negative gender role stereotyping of female directors contributes to equity undervaluation of firms with female directors. Negative stereotyping of female directors is less pronounced after investors become more aware of the benefits of female directors. Therefore, our findings provide insights for policy makers and suggests that further increased awareness of the benefits of female directors is essential. Policy makers may also consider taking appropriate actions to further minimize gender stereotyping of female directors.

Corporate Cash Holdings and Earnings Quality – Evidence from the Stock Market in Poland

Corporate Cash Holdings and Earnings Quality – Evidence from the Stock Market in Poland

The Effect of Leverage, Profitability, Liquidity, and Firm Size on Earnings Quality (Empirical Study on the Hotel Sub-Sector Service Company, Restaurant & Tourism on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2020)

Earnings quality reflects how much the company's profits are presented in accordance with the company's circumstances in that year. The better disclosure is done by the company would affect greater quality of profits owned by the company. This caused by the concept of transparency. Segment information is needed by users of financial statements to see the economic characteristics of each segment within the company. The dependent variable in this study is earnings quality, the independent variables are leverage, profitability, liquidity, and company’s size. This research is a type of quantitative research using companies’ financial statements. Total samples collected are 70 financial statements comes from 14 company. The sampling method is purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that leverage, profitability, and firm size partially affect earnings quality. Meanwhile, liquidity has no effect on earnings quality. The leverage, profitability, liquidity, and company size simultaneously affect the earnings quality in the hotel, restaurant and tourism sub-sectors listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period.

MANIPULASI LABA DI SEKTOR KESEHATAN: STUDI SEBELUM, SAAT, DAN SESUDAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

This research aims to explore indications of earnings manipulation during the Covid-19 pandemic. The subject of this research concerns companies in the health sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Tools to measure indications of earnings manipulation use the Earnings Quality Ratio, Revenue Quality Ratio, Accruals Earnings Management, Real Earnings Management, Beneish M-score model, and DechowF-score model. Based on the research results, this study reached three main conclusions. First, indications of earnings manipulation continue to increase between 2018 and 2022. Second, when the pandemic hit, earnings manipulation saw a significant increase, especially in 2021. Third, once the pandemic ended, indices There were still many cases of earnings manipulation, including manipulation of earnings quality, recording of false income, poor cash flow, production expenses and costs.

Auditor tenure and non-GAAP earnings

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether the newly available auditor tenure information is associated with non-GAAP earnings, as the recent requirement to disclose the initial year of auditor-client relationship in audit reports may give the impression that longer auditor tenure may be related to lower audit quality.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of firm-quarters from 2017 to 2020, the authors conduct both univariate and regression analyses. We use hand-collected data for auditor tenure, SEC comment letters, and non-GAAP variables.FindingsFirst, the authors find that the likelihood of disclosing non-GAAP earnings monotonically increases with auditor tenure on a univariate basis. Second, auditor tenure is negatively associated with aggressive non-GAAP reporting. Third, the authors document evidence of aggressive reporting in general; that is, items excluded in calculating non-GAAP earnings are associated with future performance. However, the association declines with longer auditor tenure. Finally, the authors report evidence that the likelihood of receiving an SEC comment letter that contains non-GAAP comments decreases with longer auditor tenure.Practical implicationsThe results show that regulators need to consider both GAAP and non-GAAP disclosures’ costs and benefits when enacting auditor tenure regulation. Investors can benefit from the findings in evaluating the quality of non-GAAP earnings. The findings are also relevant to the SEC when allocating limited resources in monitoring non-GAAP reporting.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study showing that auditor tenure is associated with the quality of non-GAAP earnings. Given that financial reporting quality should be understood as a comprehensive system comprising both mandatory and voluntary disclosures, this study complements the literature that examines the effect of auditor tenure on financial reporting quality using GAAP reporting.

The Impact of Revenue from Contracts with Customers under IFRS 15 on earnings quality: a survey study

The Impact of Revenue from Contracts with Customers under IFRS 15 on earnings quality: a survey study

PENGARUH KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI, PROFITABILITAS, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT DENGAN VARIABEL MODERATING UKURAN PERUSAHAAN

Profits are an important part of the information used by investors to measure the impact of profits on stock returns. Earnings Response Coefficient is profits are an important part of the information used by investors, to measure the impact of profits on stock returns, the earnings response coefficient is one of the tools to measure earnings quality. The purpose of this research is determine the effect of accounting conservatism, profitability, and leverage on earnings response coefficient with firm size as moderating variable on influence of accounting conservatism, profitability, and leverage on earnings response coefficient. This study used 38 is sub sector food and beverages manufacturing companies listed Indonesia Stok Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2021 with sampling technique used in this research was purpose sampling. The method of data analysis used is moderate regressiom analysis (MRA). The result of this study indicate accounting conservatism and profitability have positive effect on earnings response coefficient and leverage have negative effect on earnings response coefficient. Firm size is able to moderate on influence of accounting conservatism, profitabilty, and leverage on earnings response coefficient.

Faktor Determinan Kualitas Laba dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study aims to measure the effect of liquidity, company size and accounting conservatism on earnings quality with profitability as a moderating variable. This research data was collected through secondary data sources obtained through the website www.idx.co.id or the official website. The population taken was 77 companies operating in the food and beverage sector. During the 4 year observation period, namely 2018 to 2021, the total sample used was 120 companies in this sector. In analyzing the data, this research used descriptive statistical test techniques, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression (MRA), and hypothesis testing using the SPSS application. The results of hypothesis testing prove that liquidity has a significant positive effect on earnings quality, while company size, accounting conservatism, and profitability do not have a significant effect on earnings quality. In the moderation test, profitability cannot moderate the effect of liquidity, company size and accounting conservatism on earnings quality.

Earnings quality and national IPO: AEM practices of Central Asia

Once the key insights of corporate finance quality in Kazakhstani listed state SOEs are obtained, it is time to turn to separate strategies of corporate reporting manipulations. The purpose of this research is to look at accrual-based AEM strategies that adjust real activity REM practices at year-end. We follow Kasznik cash flow model for accrual-based earnings management as a best practice methodology and apply it to 572 unbalanced panel firm-year non-financial observations over 13-year time horizon. To strengthen our analysis, we compare main results with another popular measurement of accrual-based Earnings management based on the Shivakumar 1996 model. We also winsorised key investment indicators to reduce the impact of outliers on the main results. The results answer major questions: 1) what AEM strategies state SOEs prefer; 2) how accrual-based manipulations affect the choice of investment indicators; and 3) whether partially-privatized state SOEs under/over perform private POEs in Kazakhstan. In terms of theoretical and practical implications, our research findings could be useful to analysts of various strategies in the AEM/REM dimensions, academic scientists and advocates of partial privatization of state companies. We assure that theoretical gaps of corporate data manipulations in Central Asian context are to be reduced with increasing number of publications in the field of AEM practices.

FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI BIAYA MODAL EKUITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2021

This study aims to examine the effect of information asymmetry, earnings quality, firm size, and voluntary disclosure with the Cost of Equity Capital in Food and Beverage Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021. This study used a sample of 22 companies during the 2018-2021 period using purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data with descriptive statistical data analysis methods, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the extent of voluntary disclosure has a positive effect on the cost of equity capital with a significant value of 0.006. Meanwhile, information asymmetry, earnings quality, and firm size have no significant effect on the cost of equity capital.

Managerial Ownership as a Controller of Earnings Quality in Jakarta Islamic Index 70

Profit is declared quality if it is consistent, does not fluctuate, and can predict the following year's profit. Companies with low levels of profit fluctuation pose managerial challenges because various factors influence the rise and fall of profitability. This research aims to determine the effect of earning Management on Earning Quality with Managerial Ownership as a Moderating Variable in Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII70) Companies for the 2019-2021 Period. This research uses the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method in the form of panel data with purposive sampling techniques. The sample used was 18 companies registered in JII70 for the 2019-2021 period. The analytical methods used include descriptive statistical tests, stationarity tests, panel data regression tests, coefficient of determination (R2), F tests, T tests, classical assumption tests, and MRA tests. The research results show that the Earnings Management variable has a negative and significant effect on Earnings Quality. and the Managerial Ownership variable can moderate the influence of Earnings Management on Earnings Quality.

The Disclosure Tone, Earnings Management, Earnings Quality: Evidence Found in Indonesia Listed Manufacturing Industry

This study examined the influence of earnings management (EM) and earnings quality (EQ) on the disclosure tone of an annual report. NVIVO’s coding AI measures the DT (Disclosure Tone) through automated text analysis. The sample used was 61 of Indonesia’s listed manufacturing companies from 2017 to 2021. The balanced panel data was used and executed by a weighted panel least square. The results prove that EM is essential for DT, while EQ is insignificant for DT. The higher EQ indicates the high asymmetric information from management to the stakeholders, which leads the company to disclose a more positive tone. However, the negative tone is also improving with a higher EQ. These results imply that when the company has higher EM, it tries to balance the tone of its annual report in order to gain the trust of stakeholders, this is beneficial for analysts, investors, and regulators when collecting information from annual reports. Future studies can extend this framework to other types of industries since each industry has specific characteristics in giving the tone in their reports. Besides, future studies can also focus on the tone of the sustainability report or integrated report in other countries.
 Keywords: earnings management, earnings quality, disclosure tone, manufacturing industry

Comparative Analysis Of The Influence Of Capital Structure, Company Size, And Governance On Company Bankruptcy With Profit Quality As A Moderating Variable In The Period Before The Pandemic And During The Covid-19 Pandemic

This study uses earnings quality as a moderating variable to determine a comparative analysis of the effect of capital structure, firm size, and management on corporate bankruptcy. This quantitative study uses secondary data obtained and accessible through the website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample for this study consisted of 53 refined manufacturing companies. This study uses the purposive sampling method to select the desired sample. The analysis method of this study uses linear regression analysis and moderated regression analysis as analysis tools in Eviews 12. The results show that (1) Capital structure affects the company's bankruptcy in the phase 2015-2018, but not in the phase 2019-2022. (2) The size of the company does not affect the bankruptcy of the company in the phase 2015-2018, but it has an effect in the period 2019-2022 (3) The management, in this case, the ownership of the management, has an effect on the bankruptcy of the company also in 2015. -in phase 2018 and phase 2019-2022 (4) Institutional ownership affects the bankruptcy of the company and in the phases 2015-2018 and 2019-2022 (5) The quality of results does not affect the bankruptcy of the company in the 2015-2018 phase, but it has an effect in the 2019-2022 phase. (6) Earnings quality can slow company size to corporate bankruptcy in both phases, 2015-2018 and 2019-2022. (7) In the phase 2019-2022, the quality of the result can slow down the ownership.

How Qualified is The Company’s Earning Quality: a Study of The 100 Most Liquid Indonesian Companies

Investor behavior can be reflected in the market price. Market price movement have strong correlation with market perspective about company earnings. Market does not always positively react to high earnings information, but should be high quality of earnings. High quality earnings can reflect the company's actual financial condition, which useful for investment decision making for investors, and determine business strategies for companies. The aim of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of earnings persistence, liquidity, growth opportunity, profitability, and capital structure toward earnings quality. The objects in this study are companies included in the Kompas100 Index, index that ranks 100 companies with the highest liquidity, consecutively during 2018-2020. Secondary data used was obtaining from financial reports and analyzed using multiple linear regression equations. This research found that companies which can generate profit from their main operation, not from foreign exchange or other income supposed to be companies with high quality earnings. Moreover, business strategic that such as market expansion, differentiation even though in the early stage judge can improve quality of earnings.

Corporate Governance Practices and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The specific objective of the study was to critically appraise the relationship between size of board of directors, composition of board members, frequency of board meetings and return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The data were sourced through secondary sources from annual reports and accounts of sampled deposit money banks in Nigeria. The stated Null Hypotheses were tested through data analysis by using the correlation analysis as analytical tool. The research findings reveal that board size has a positive and strong relationship with return on assets while board composition has a positive but moderately strong association with return on assets. Furthermore, frequency of board meetings has a negative and very weak relationship with return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The implication of the findings is that increased board size could result in the improvement of financial performance of deposit money banks. The research found that such increase in number of members of the board will generate the desired outcome if it centers on independent nonexecutive directors with wealth of corporate governance experience, sound and profitable contacts, good and relevant education. The negative relationship with frequency of board meetings implies that banks should begin to trim down on number of board meetings as research has found that frequent meetings signal a crisis or distress situation with perceptions of going concern issues and bank failure. The study recommends that new independent non-executive professionals with critical governance and management attributes could be introduced into the board to improve the quality of decisions, earnings and general performance. Frequency of Board Meetings should be reduced to save cost and time while virtual meetings should be called more often than physical meetings as distance is no longer a barrier.

Pengaruh Persistensi Laba dan Earning Growth Terhadap Kualitas Laba dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

Income fluctuations cause profit instability, so that the reliability of financial report information is questioned by stakeholders. The aim of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of earnings persistence and earnings growth on earnings quality with the corporate governance as a moderating variable in companies participating in the CGPI program and listed on the BEI for the 2017-2021 period. The research population consisted of 161 corporate entities and 17 sample companies were selected that met the research criteria for the purposive sampling method. Data processing using the panel data regression method with the Eviews-12 statistical tool. The research results indicate that earnings persistence has a negative effect on earnings quality, while earnings growth has a positive effect on earnings quality. In addition, it was found that corporate governance does not moderate the effect of earnings persistence on earnings quality, but the effect of earnings growth on earnings quality can be moderated by corporate governance.