Design Quality Research Articles

Unlocking urban charm for liveable street: transformative design strategies to boost pedestrian appeal in Asian cities

Walking as a mode of transportation faces challenges in Asian cities due to the proliferation of private motorized vehicles and lacking public transportation management. Despite contributing to people’s physical and mental well-being, walking is often considered the last option for transportation. Previous research has highlighted the link between walking, urban design qualities, individual reactions, and a sense of place. Other studies have suggested that a sense of place fosters a sense of belonging and attachment to the location. This paper aims to propose transformative design strategies to enhance pedestrians’ willingness to walk through the design of street junctions. Street junctions, especially those featuring corner buildings, offer opportunities for walking, observing, and resting, all of which are crucial elements for vibrant public spaces. The findings reveal that street junctions in cities like Surabaya (Indonesia) are predominantly perceived as “spaces to move” rather than “places to be.” To advance walkability in street junctions, transformative design strategies need to be addressed. Encouraging pedestrians’ willingness to walk can focus on their experiences and perceptual qualities. Developing policies aimed at enhancing street junctions in Asian cities emerges as a pivotal strategy for strengthening a culture of walking.

A Comprehensive Investigation of Rural and Low-Rise Housing Design Quality: a Thematic and Bibliometric Analysis

A Comprehensive Investigation of Rural and Low-Rise Housing Design Quality: a Thematic and Bibliometric Analysis

StructDiffusion: End-to-end intelligent shear wall structure layout generation and analysis using diffusion model

Shear wall structures are widely used in high-rise buildings. However, the design process of shear wall structures suffers from inefficiencies. This paper introduces StructDiffusion, an end-to-end intelligent system for shear wall layout generation and analysis. The proposed approach tackles the layout design task by employing a novel diffusion model architecture to generate conditional images. Key components of the proposed method include pretrained diffusion models, ControlNet for conditional control, and LoRA for efficient adaptation. Notably, the method allows for architectural plan images and basic textual design conditions as inputs, enabling manipulation of the generated layouts by adjusting attributes such as building height and seismic intensity. To evaluate the quality of the model's design swiftly, this paper presents a comprehensive evaluation framework that incorporates perceptual and structural validity metrics. Through experimental analyses, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model in generating layouts, surpassing the capabilities of GAN-based methods. Furthermore, our study investigates model-specific parameter configuration, text-guided capabilities, code compliance, and computational efficiency. StructDiffusion significantly enhances the automation and intelligence of structural engineering workflows. The framework effectively addresses challenges associated with instability, data scarcity, and limitations in assessment. This pioneering application of diffusion models opens up promising avenues for advancing data-driven structural design.

A Study on the Utilization of Deep Learning-Based Image Generators for Nail Art Design Creation: Focusing on the Colors and Patterns of Fish Scales

This study aimed to develop nail art designs inspired by the colors and patterns of fish scales. Various images of fish were collected, and the colors, patterns, and textures of their scales were analyzed. Using deep learning-based image generator, designs replicating the colors and patterns of fish scales were created. Based on these designs, five nail art works were produced. The colors and patterns of fish scales are suitable for creative nail art designs, and designs inspired by fish scales demonstrate excellent visual effects due to the appropriate application of principles of form and expression techniques. Moreover, nail art designs inspired by fish scales can enhance the artistry and distinctiveness of nail art. This research highlights the potential of using fish scale colors and patterns in nail art design and represents a novel approach to using deep learning-based image generators as creative tools in nail art design. However, the nail art works produced in this study were limited and reliant on subjective evaluations. Future research should apply diverse evaluation methods to measure the quality and satisfaction of nail art designs and expand the study to include nail art designs using other natural materials besides fish scales.

Re-engineering the Pedagogical Design of Virtual Classrooms in Higher Education using the Community of Inquiry Framework: Benefits, Challenges, and Lessons Learned

The demand for online learning is increasing yearly in higher education and training industries worldwide. To sustain this demand, online course design and delivery quality became a critical topic for research and investigation. This study aimed to reimagine the pedagogical planning and design for virtual classrooms in a higher education institution based on the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the type 2 developmental research methods to reimagine the pedagogical planning and design for a virtual classroom considering the interconnectedness of the CoI dimensions: Cognitive Presence, Teaching Presence, and Social Presence. In addition, a closed and open-ended questionnaire was developed based on the CoI framework and employed to gather instructors' views on the benefits and challenges of utilizing a virtual classroom designed based on the CoI dimensions. The results showed that instructors had a favourable view of the benefits of virtual classrooms for delivering course content. They also reported several challenges that need to be addressed for using virtual classrooms. Study findings highlight the importance of offering customized training to instructors by higher education institutions on the best practices of virtual classrooms. In addition, findings showed the crucial role of pedagogical frameworks such as CoI for the effective design of learning activities tailored to teaching via virtual classrooms.

Prerequisites for Statistical Analyses of the Quality of Instrument Flight Procedures

Instrument flight procedures are essential and critical components of the global aviation system. They are designed for all phases of flight, i.e. the standard instrument departures, standard instrument arrivals, instrument approaches and the en-route phase of flight. Instrument flight procedures are designed from various aeronautical data, information, dimensions, etc., which are named instrument flight procedure elements according to this paper. Development of air navigation systems affect design of instrument flight procedures and flexible use of airspace. The design process is carried out within a framework defined by international and national standards, organizational norms and economic aspects. Instrument flight procedure elements are a fundamental part of the process. Deviations of these elements from full compliance with international regulations can significantly and negatively affect air traffic safety. The objective of this paper was to investigate the basic prerequisites for statistical analysis of the design quality of instrument flight procedures, which have not been explored before. Six prerequisites were proposed for acquiring the data and preparing them for further statistical use.

PENGARUH SERBUK BATU PARAS BELAYU SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI SEMEN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON

Cement is the most important building material in making concrete, cement is formed from the oxidation process or heating of limestone using coal at high temperatures. The heating process produces excess CO? which has a negative impact on the environment. So in this research, the researchers conducted research on the effect of sandstone powder (SBP) as a substitute for Portland cement (SPI) in concrete mixtures because sandstone contains silica and alumina minerals which are suitable for use. as pozzolan. The test object used in this study was a cube measuring (150 x 150 x 150) mm, with the ratio: (0% SBP: 100 SPI), (2.5% SBP: 97.5% SPI), (5%SBP: 95% SPI) and (10% SBP: 90% SPI) which were tested at 28 days of age. Concrete mix planning (mix design) is carried out based on SNI 7656-2012 with concrete design quality 20.75 MPa, classified as concrete quality for building structures. From the test results, it was found that the effect of sandstone powder as a cement substitute in the concrete mixture increased the compressive strength of the concrete at a percentage of 2.5% -5%, and at a percentage of 10% the compressive strength of the concrete decreased.

Assessment of synthetic series to design the capacity of flow regulation reservoirs

Freshwater scarcity is perceived as a global systemic risk. Intending to reach water secutiry, flow regulation reservoirs are alternatives to improve streamflow and water storage, especially in places where demand exceeds water availability during periods of drought. However, the unavailability of historical series of flows in watersheds makes the adequate design of reservoirs difficult. To overcome such difficulties, synthetic series of flows are currently being generated for the specific sections of the watercourses where these structures are to be designed. The present study aimed to evaluate two methods of generating synthetic series of flows applied to design the capacity of flow regulation reservoirs in conditions of limited data. A monitored hydrological region (Itapemirim River Basin, Espírito Santo, Brazil) and synthetic flow series generated according to the methodologies of Rodrigues (2017) and Cesconetto (2021) were used. The methodologies were tested by cross-validation, and the results were compared using graphs and statistical indicators to the results obtained with observed data, measured in fluviometric reference stations. After analyzing the statistical indicators, such as the coefficient of determination (R2), the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE), and the reservoir design quality index (IQD), it was concluded that the method proposed by Cesconetto (2021) showed a tendency to under-design the capacities of the reservoirs, mainly for lower flows to be regularized (β < 0.75). The method proposed by Rodrigues (2017) performed better than the method proposed by Cesconetto (2021) for the design of the capacity of flow regulation reservoirs under conditions of limited data in the Itapemirim River Basin.

Implementasi Metode Agile Scrum Dalam Perancangan UI/UX Design Command Control Map Service Di PT. Len Industri (Persero)

Implementasi Metode Agile Scrum Dalam Perancangan UI/UX Design Command Control Map Service Di PT. Len Industri (Persero)

The Design of a MOOC on Health Behaviors: A Practical Blueprint for the Instructional Design of MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a primary mode of scaled-up online learning. They have enjoyed great popularity, which grew significantly during the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the growing demand for MOOCs and the desire of institutions to develop high-quality courses, research indicates that the educational impact of MOOCs is limited. Low instructional design quality has been cited as a culprit for the failure of MOOCs to support learning and skill development, prompting calls for a more thorough design of MOOCs. The aims of our work are to describe the systematic development of guiding principles that informed instructional design decisions for our MOOC on health behaviors and to showcase how these principles were implemented in practice. Through triangulation of various sources of evidence on anticipated learners and the MOOC learning environment, we identified four key aspects we needed to address with our instructional design to facilitate learning. We formulated guiding principles that both addressed these aspects and served as a reference point during instructional design. Our approach to making instructional design decisions can serve as a practical blueprint for other MOOC developers.

H-ACO with Consecutive Bases Pairing Constraint for Designing DNA Sequences.

DNA computing is a novel computing method that does not rely on traditional computers. The design of DNA sequences is a crucial step in DNA computing, and the quality of the sequence design directly affects the results of DNA computing. In this paper, a new constraint called the consecutive base pairing constraint is proposed to limit specific base pairings in DNA sequence design. Additionally, to improve the efficiency and capability of DNA sequence design, the Hierarchy-ant colony (H-ACO) algorithm is introduced, which combines the features of multiple algorithms and optimizes discrete numerical calculations. Experimental results show that the H-ACO algorithm performs well in DNA sequence design. Finally, this paper compares a series of constraint values and NUPACK simulation data with previous design results, and the DNA sequence set designed in this paper has more advantages.

The Influence of Packaging Design, Product Variations and Product Quality on Consumer Purchase Interest in Bolu Tape Products at the Anisa Souvenir Shop in Rogojampi

In running a business that is never free from competition, especially in terms of marketing, entrepreneurs compete to find ways to get their consumers by improving their company's performance to receive maximum profits, business people must know how to implement the right strategy to attract consumers, including creating attractive packaging designs, large product variations, and good product quality to increase consumer buying interest. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of packaging design, product variety and product quality on consumer buying interest at the Anisa Gift Shop in Rogojampi. This research uses a questionnaire method and data processing uses multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, partial test (t test), and simultaneous test (f test). The distribution of questionnaires was distributed to 70 respondents who were consumers at the Anisa Gift Shop. The results of this research show that the variables packaging design (X1), product variety (X2) and product quality (X3) partially (t test) or simultaneously (f test) have a positive and significant influence on consumer buying interest, with a coefficient of determination (Adjust R Square) obtained is 0.652 or 65.2%, meaning that 65.2% of Purchase Interest can be explained by Independent variables including Packaging Design (X1), Product Variation (X2), and Product Quality (X3), while the remaining 34.8% is likely to be explained by other independents who were not included in this study.

Practical Exploration of Simulation Technology Based on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design

This paper discusses the application and practice of the simulation technology based on artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of engineering design. By integrating AI into the traditional engineering design process, we can achieve more efficient and accurate design solutions. Taking a specific engineering design project as an example, this article shows how AI simulation technology contributes to design optimization, risk assessment and cost control. The results show that AI simulation technology can not only improve the design quality, but also shorten the design cycle, bringing revolutionary changes to the field of engineering design.

Review of the Mechanistic and Structural Assessment of Binders in Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

With the continual increase in CO2 levels and toward a sustainable society, developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial. A suitable electrode design is the key to enhancing the quality of battery cells (e.g., cycle retention characteristics and rate capabilities), and the binder plays an important role in providing sufficient adhesion between the active material, conductive agent, and current collector. Despite significant advances in the development of novel binder materials and solutions that can be employed as anode and cathode materials, careful investigations and summaries of the assessment methods for binder materials remain lacking. In this review, we examine the different analyses used to assess the quality of binder materials and how they help in assessing the quality of the electrode design. In addition, future perspectives on binder assessment are presented, which can be applied to future research directed toward binder development for advanced LIBs or post-LIBs.

Hierarchical Design Optimization Strategy of Primary School Mathematics Homework from the Perspective of Core Literacy

Homework is the extension and expansion of classroom teaching, it is inextricably linked with teaching and evaluation, and plays an irreplaceable role in consolidating, expanding, evaluating and reflecting on teachers' teaching and students' learning. The "double reduction" policy requires reducing the heavy homework burden of students, and emphasizes improving the quality of homework design and encouraging the layout of hierarchical, flexible and personalized homework. In view of some problems existing in assignment design, this paper studies hierarchical assignment design strategies from the aspects of level, form and evaluation, so as to make assignment more scientific and reasonable, truly reduce the burden for students, and promote the overall development of students.

EFL Students' Learning Motivation and Descriptive Essay in the Context of Blended Learning Design

EFL students should consider writing motivation in a blended learning (BL) framework. Previous studies have discussed findings related to whether motivations can make students write essays better. Few studies have examined descriptive essay learning motivation in BL design. This study examined EFL students' learning motivation on descriptive essays in BL designs and their perceptions on essay writing motivation. The respondents were 32 EFL students in one reputable private university in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study was a correlational survey. The data was collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and a descriptive essay writing test with a scoring rubric developed by Oshima &amp; Hogue (2006). The result showed that there was a positive and significant contribution of learning motivation on descriptive essay in a BL design. It also showed that learning motivation contributed 12.9% to the students’ descriptive essay writing skill. In addition, most students felt happy to practice writing in a BL design. Thus, it is inferred that EFL students could perform their essay writing quality in a BL design when they had strong learning motivation which included the intrinsic and extrinsic domains.

Application of high performance computing based on big data in architectural interior design

In response to the problems of insufficient data management and low construction quality in architectural interior design, high-performance computing technology was proposed to be applied to optimize the overall effect of architectural interior design. This article proposed some solutions to the problems in interior design of buildings, and applied high-performance computing technology to building design materials, building operation data processing, etc. Furthermore, combined with multi-objective genetic algorithm, relevant experimental tests were conducted on the optimization of interior space environment design in buildings. The experimental results showed that under the algorithm proposed in this paper, the average health standard compliance of each scheme reached 92.17%, and the average emotional requirement satisfaction reached 88.42%. The average interface detail attention reaches 84.65%, and the average environmental comfort reaches 92.87%. Under the genetic algorithm, the average compliance of health standards for each scheme was 88.14%, and the average satisfaction of emotional needs was 84.17%. The average attention to interface details was 81.18%, and the average environmental comfort was 90.30%. From the above data, it can be seen that the algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve good optimization results in the design of indoor space environment in buildings.

Effect of Inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Pulmonary Outcomes in Individuals With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: Guidelines advocate the use of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in individuals with COVID-19. However, there is a lack of concrete information on inpatient PR. Therefore, we synthesized literature on the efficacy of inpatient PR on pulmonary outcomes in individuals with COVID-19. Methods: Using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase, three researchers screened 474 articles for eligibility with the search terms: (covid-19 or coronavirus or 2019-ncov or sars-cov-2 or cov-19 *) AND (respiratory or pulmonary) AND (physical therapy or physiotherapy or rehabilitation). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used. Nine articles were finalized using the inclusion criteria: diagnosis of COVID-19, age &gt;18 years and inpatient PR. Reviewers extracted relevant information and appraised using the Robins-I tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: The pooled sample consisted of 718 participants (F = 35.2%, age = 36-71 y). Study quality for non-randomized trial was moderate, while cohort studies had a mean score of 7/9. The pooled estimate showed that inpatient PR could improve the exercise capacity with clinical importance for individuals with COVID-19. Within group changes were noted in FEV1 and FVC values (n = 4) and HR-QoL (n = 3). Inpatient PR was reported to be safe (n = 4). Conclusions: Current review suggests that inpatient PR was safe, feasible and induced large improvements in exercise capacity in individuals with COVID-19. Given the high heterogeneity, sample sizes and quality of designs of the included studies, findings should be interpreted with caution. Our study provides valuable evidence that inpatient PR is safe and may accelerate improvement in exercise capacity in individuals with COVID-19.

Implementing organizational performance measurement systems: measures and success strategies

PurposeThis study assesses performance measurement (PM) system implementation efforts across various organizational contexts and investigates which factors are critical to achieving implementation success (IS).Design/methodology/approachAn empirical field study was conducted to refine a framework of PM system IS that consists of 5 dimensions of success and 29 factors. A survey questionnaire was used to investigate actual organizational practice and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to refine constructs corresponding to potential factors and dimensions of IS. The resulting variables were then investigated using multiple regression analysis to identify critical success factors for implementing PM systems.FindingsThe survey was completed by representatives from 124 organizations and the exploratory factor analysis results indicated that there are three underlying dimensions of IS (i.e. Use of the System, PM System Performance, and Improved Results and Processes) and 12 factors. Of the factors, nine can be considered critical success factors having a significant relationship with at least one dimension of IS: Leader Support, Design and Implementation Approach, Reward System Alignment, Organizational Acceptance, Organizational Culture and Climate, Easy to Define Environment, IT Infrastructure Capabilities, PM System Design Quality, and PM Participation and Training.Originality/valueThe results show that there are distinct dimensions of IS and, although some factors are associated with all dimensions, most are more closely related to only one dimension. This suggests that different strategies should be utilized based on the types of challenges experienced during implementation.

Online Course Quality Evaluation Instruments: A Scoping Review

How do we make judgements about the quality of online courses? Checklists and rubrics are commonplace in Higher Education for establishing and measuring design features of online courses. They are created and used by institutions, academics, and educational designers to standardise measures for quality online course design. Despite an intensifying spotlight on quality learning and teaching in Higher Education, no large-scale review of course quality instruments has occurred. This scoping review aimed to ascertain the conceptions of quality being promoted by course quality evaluation instruments and the capability-building resources that underpin these instruments.&#x0D; &#x0D; Seventy-five instruments used to measure quality in online course design in Higher Education were identified via a systematic search. These instruments were charted and coded. This paper reports on findings that summarise the key attributes of the course quality evaluation instruments, conceptualises a shared definition of course quality, and proposes specific core criteria for measuring course quality under the domains of learning design, assessment and evaluation, usability and accessibility, social interaction, and technology. This scoping review found a concerning underrepresentation of capability-building resources associated with course quality instruments and recommends the capability-building potential of these tools shifting them from compliance checkers to enable skills development.