Compost Quality Research Articles

Performance On Nitrogen Rich Component for Composting of Food Waste

Nitrogen-rich components are crucial to achieving successful composting. The problem lies in the lack of comprehensive understanding and evaluation of the performance of different nitrogen-rich components used in composting food waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of nitrogen-rich components (NRC) (cow dung, tea leaves, and coffee ground) for composting food waste in terms of compost quality (temperature, moisture content, nutrients content, and plant growth height). The materials used in composting are 1kg of NRC, 1kg of black soil, 1kg of rice husk, 2kg of food waste, and 1 L of Takakura EM in every compost bin. A total of 4 composts were examined, such as compost A (cow dung), B (coffee ground), C (tea leaves), and D (blank). During the composting process, all parameters of the compost were examined, and data collected. Firstly, total nitrogen (N) content results for compost A, B, C, and D are 1.2%, 1.6%, 3%, and 0.7%, respectively, whereas total phosphorus (P) content in compost A, B, C, and D is 3.7 mg/L, 3.8 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 3.01 mg/L. Lastly, the potassium (K) content in compost A, B, C, and D is 4.56 mg/L, 4.1 mg/L, 5.13 mg/L, and 4.6 mg/L, respectively. Based on the data analysis, Compost C is the most effective compost compared to other NRC compost.

Influence of Organic Waste on Nutrient Composition of Compost and the Impact of Sawdust on Composting Process.

To improve soil health and fertility use of compost is a better idea than chemical fertilizers. Compost is a product of the degradation of waste organic matter. The choice of organic waste to get a good quality of compost is needed for the proper recycling of organic waste. So, the present study was to identify the effect of the type of organic waste on the physical properties and nutrient content of compost. The experiment was conducted with four types of organic waste (Fruit waste, vegetable waste, cooked leftovers, and farm waste). The analysis shows that type of organic waste in composting influences the nutrient content of compost but the physical properties of compost are not much affected by the type of organic waste. It was observed that waste from cooked leftover food contains more nutrient content than other waste. So this waste is more suitable for composting. During the study effect of sawdust as a bulking agent was also observed. Sawdust significantly affects the composting process as it accelerates composting and also affects the quality of compost.

Kualitas Kompos dari Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Variasi Jenis Mikroorganisme Lokal

One of the effects of plant fertility is the addition of compost which contains bioactivators. One of the bioactivators that can be used in the composting process is to use MOL (Local Microorganisms). MOL can be made from various types of organik waste that is around us, such as MOL from Banana Stem, Used/Stale Rice, Used/Rotten Fruits, and can also use EM4 purchased at a farm shop. The different types of MOL materials added to the composting will also affect the quality of the compost produced based on SNI 19-7030-2004. Therefore, it is necessary to test the quality of the compost with the addition of different MOLs. This research is experimental research with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted in the Workshop and STTL Mataram Biology and Chemistry Laboratory. The results showed that the four composts that have been researched, there are several parameters that are still not in accordance with the Good Compost Quality Standards based on SNI 19-7030-2004, included the color parameters in the compost with the addition of MOL. there are leaf pieces that have not been completely decomposed, the chemical parameter of COrganik in the compost with the addition of MOL of used rice that exceeds the maximum level of 32.74%, and the level of C/N-Ratio in the compost with the addition of MOL banana stem which is still below the minimum level of 22,7% only. Compost that has good quality and according with SNI 19-7030-2004 is compost with the addition of MOL from EM4.

Residential waste segregation: The interconnection with SDG 2 zero hunger

In the scientific literature, academics and practitioners have advocated the interconnection between Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) and composting. However, despite the importance of separating organic waste at home and this activity's contribution to producing quality compost, relatively few scholars have explored its interconnection with SDG 2. To fill this gap, this article explores the potential of waste segregation in residential areas to meet SDG 2. This quantitative, non-experimental case study is based on an exploratory survey conducted with residents of two middle-class neighborhoods in the capital city of a state in northwestern Mexico, adjacent to the United States of America. The survey aims to measure the practices and knowledge of the participants related to home separation and composting and their understanding of SDG 2. Findings show that the interconnection between residential waste segregation and SDG 2 is harder to prove, even though waste segregation is essential to composting. Results also suggest that SDG 2 is usually pursued on national agendas; thus, it is unlikely that the home segregation of organic waste for small-scale home composting may influence national progress toward SDG 2. Still, this study would provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop comprehensive waste segregation policies that align with SDG 2.

Composting of Organic Solid Waste of Municipal Origin: The Role of Research in Enhancing Its Sustainability.

The organic solid waste of municipal origin stands as one of the residual streams of greatest concern: the great amounts continuously produced over time as well as its biochemical and physical characteristics require its proper handling via biological processes, pursuing the recovery of material and/or the generation of energy. At the European level, most of the industrial plants treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) rely on composting, which is a well-established and reliable process that is easy to operate in different socio-economic contexts. Nevertheless, when regarded in a life cycle perspective as well as in the view of the principles of circular economy underlying waste management, several issues (e.g., the presence of toxic substances in compost) can be recognized as technical challenges, requiring further studies to identify possible sustainable solutions. This work aims at discussing these challenges and figuring out the state of the art of composting in a circular perspective. Firstly, the main mentioned issues affecting compost quality and process sustainability are briefly reviewed. Next, to promote the effective use of composting in light of the circular economy principles, research experiences are critically presented to highlight the current technical challenges concerning the environmental and health impact reduction and possible scientific perspectives to overcome issues affecting the compost quality. Based on the critical analysis of reviewed studies, it emerged that further research should be aimed at unveiling the hazard potential of emerging contaminants as well as to address the understanding of the mechanisms underlying their potential removal during composting. Moreover, the adoption of a multidisciplinary perspective in the design of research studies may play a key role towards the definition of cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategies to overcome the technical issues affecting the process.

Effect of Biochar Amendments on the Co-Composting of Food Waste and Livestock Manure

The global increase in population will result in increased global food production which can, in turn, lead to excessive food waste. Although composting is widely adopted for the conversion of organic waste into value-added products, there are several limitations, such as its lower efficiency in composting food waste without co-composting, the loss of nutrients, and the emission of greenhouse gases. Due to its renowned characteristics, biochar amendments are used during composting to overcome these issues; each waste should be at an appropriate level to yield good quality compost with high nutrient levels. In this study, we co-composted food waste with chicken and swine manure with varying proportions in the presence and absence of biochar to identify the ideal proportion of each raw material and the biochar. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, temperature, bulk density, porosity, C:N ratio, and gaseous emissions were analyzed. The results showed that the desired quality of compost was obtained in the treatment with 5% biochar with 40%, 20%, and 20% of food waste, chicken manure, and swine manure, respectively, and 15% sawdust.

Insight into humification of mushroom residues under addition of Rich-N sources: Comparing key molecular evolution processes using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D-FTIR-COS analysis

Accelerating the humification of organic solid waste is one of the most important issues in composting. This present study aims to study and compare the humification process of different rich-N sources (chicken manure, cattle manure, and urea) addition during the composting of mushroom residues, from macro physicochemical properties to micro humic molecular structure evolution process. The physicochemical elements and humic components were determined for evaluating the compost quality and humification degree as composting proceed. The coupled analysis of excitation-emission matrix with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation with Fourier transform infrared spectrum (2D-FTIR-COS) were used to characterize the functional molecular structure evolution of dissolved organic matter during humification process. The results indicated that the rank order for humification level were the treatments of chicken manure (HM), urea (UM), cattle manure (CM), and single mushroom residue treatment (CK), with their humification index of 22.18%, 22.05%, 18.47%, and 16.52%, respectively. Humic substance, humic acid, and fulvic acid were obtained the highest in HM treatment with contents of 35.41 ± 0.86%, 23.32 ± 1.57%, and 10.97 ± 0.52%, respectively. The rich-N source addition enhanced the degradation of protein-like and polysaccharides-like substances in dissolved organic matter, thus accelerating the humification process of mushroom residues. The key structure evolution of dissolved organic matter in the HM treatment, in which the CO and CC stretching of quinone, amide, or ketone, and the C–O stretching of polysaccharides may be responsible for the faster formation of humus compared to the other nitrogen treatments. In this study, redundancy analysis indicated that the total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) may be the potential indicators for determining the humification level as composting proceed. The result provides significant insight into the humification mechanism of mushroom residue under different types of nitrogen sources at the molecular level, and will be reference for improving the composting technique in practical field.

Study on the qualitative assessment of in-vessel food waste compost by indexing method

The consumption of different food-based goods produces a considerable amount of waste that needs to be conserved in an eco-friendly manner. A study was carried out on food waste compost made from the in-vessel compost process for use in agriculture and its marketability for its fertility and contamination potential. Food waste samples were collected from the canteen and hostels of GITAM University, Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), India and were transferred to a 125Kg in-vessel food waste composter (Molten Mind F125) and allowed to digest for 24 hrs followed by curing for seven days. After curing, the samples were characterized for nutrient content for fertility index (FI) and heavy metal contamination for clean index (CI). The compost quality index was derived from FI and CI to assess its suitability for agriculture. The pH of the food waste compost sample was reported as 8.4 and the C/N ratio was 28, which was higher than the standard ratio (15-20). The other physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using the standard methods and the concentration of metals was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ( ICPMS). From the analysis, it was evident that heavy metal concentrations were well within the permissible limits. Further, the compost was characterized to know the fertility index (FI) and contamination index (CI) and its suitability to the soil. FI value was reported as more than 3.1 and CI value more than 4, which indicated that compost was best in quality, having high-value potential and low heavy-metal content, which will be suitable for high-value crops such as organic farming.

Analisis Kinerja Komposting Sampah Model Takakura

The previous takakura composting model used takakura baskets covered with cloth and cardboard to produce leachate through the wastebasket process which seeped and wetted the cloth and cardboard. It was also found that the increase in the C/N ratio did not meet the requirements. Therefore an innovation was carried out in this study which aims to determine the effectiveness of making compost with the Takakura Model which uses a plastic bucket with filter media to accommodate the leachate produced so that the leachate can also be used as raw material for liquid fertilizer. The materials used are organic waste, EM4, and cow dung in the community in Way Layap Hamlet, Hajimena Village, Natar District. This research is an experiment. The independent variables in this study were 3mm, 4mm, and 5mm filter diameters for buckets, cow dung, organic waste, and EM4. The dependent variable in this study was the quality of compost (organic C, macronutrients (N+P2O5+K2O), C/N ratio, and pH for 15 days. The results obtained were compost quality (organic C 15.63%, macronutrients (N+ P2O5+) K2O) ranges from (6.71% -7.87%), C/N ratio ranges from (13.44-16.57) and pH 7-8.5 all meet standards according to SNI 7763: 2018. Leachate originating from the composting process can be used as liquid fertilizer. Future research needs to use a more varied raw material and the addition of other bio activators to speed up composting.

Hydrothermal pretreatment and compound microbial agents promoting high-quality kitchen waste compost: Superior humification degree and reduction of odour

Present study investigated the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and addition of compound microbial agent (CMA) on humification, odour generation and metabolism functions of bacterial communities during composting of kitchen waste (KW). Surprisingly, HTP and CMA addition treatment could promote the humification of compost and the control of odour units in contrast to the control (without HTP and CMA addition). The humic acid to fulvic acid ratio of end compost increase by 187.30 %, while humification index (HIX) increased by 18.87 %. 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of dissolved organic matter (DOM) demonstrated that it facilitated the synthesis of humified compounds and the decomposition of biodegradable compounds. Moreover, the SUVA254, SUVA280 and E253/E203 increased by 118.6 %, 115.25 % and 42.11 % after HTP and CMA addition indicating an increase in aromatic carbon abundance. VFAs had the higher degradation rate (84.91 %) than other treatments (57.46–77.72 %). Meanwhile, the main contributor to the malodorous odour was isovaleric acid, followed by butyric acid and acetic acid during composting. Mantel test indicated that the humification degree was significantly influenced by environmental parameters (temperature, pH, etc.) and metabolic products (HA, DOC and VFAs). Metagenomic analysis indicated that the biodegradation processes at the thermophilic stage were controlled mainly through genes involved in microbial metabolism. HTP and CMA addition was an eco-friendly and efficient strategy to reduce odour emission and improve the compost quality.

Application of organic additives as voltage enhancers for vermicompost-derived bio-battery

A bio-battery which is powered by organic compounds provides a clean alternative renewable power source. Huge amount of green wastes around Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) campus such as fallen leaves and grass clippings provides an opportunity for waste conversion into value-added products using an eco-friendly composting method called vermicomposting where locally abundant earthworms are added to speed up the breakdown the organic wastes into vermicompost. Recent studies revealed the potential of vermicompost to be used as green electrolyte of bio-battery instead of being solely used as fertilizer. However, the voltage produced from bio-battery is found typically lower and less stable than conventional batteries. The main goal of this research work is therefore to enhance the voltage generation of bio-battery derived from UTP vermicomposts. As a start, good quality vermicompost was produced from available green wastes in UTP compound at optimum carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 30. Next, the humic acid and fulvic acid were be extracted from the vermicompost to be used as the bio-battery’s electrolytes. Different organic additives were added into the electrolyte to determine their suitability as voltage enhancers via voltage profiling. Compost quality was established by final C:N ratio, humic and fulvic acid yield and moisture content analysis in comparison to commercial vermicompost. Key highlights of the project include vermicompost reached maturation on day 41, mass reduction of 18%, and humic and fulvic acid yields at 3.41% and 0.38%. The highest voltage recorded was 0.62 V for humic acid electrolyte with fruit enzyme additive. This approach has multi-fold benefits of cutting down labour requirement, promoting eco-friendly waste management and generating value-added products from waste.

English

Sub Saharan African soils have low organic matter contents, hence applying compost is therefore instrumental to improve their fertility. This study investigated the quantity and the quality of compost produced by smallholder farmers in five provinces (Gnagna, Gourma, Komondjari, Kompienga and Tapoa) from Eastern Burkina Faso. Compost quality was determined by the main physical and chemical characteristics including bulk density, pH, organic matter (OM), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), total-N and -P contents. The principal component analysis indicated that compost issues were specific to each province. Compost production per pit was higher in Kompienga (4.2 t/pit) as compared to Tapoa (2.9 t/pit) and Komondjari (2.1 t/pit). OM content and C/N were each negatively correlated with total-N, total-P and pH. The lowest OM content, of 16%, was recorded in Kompienga while the highest, nearly the double, was found in Gnagna. The C/N ratio was highest in Gnagna (21.4) as compared to the other provinces (11-18). The total-N content (8.5-9.6 g/kg) and total-P (2525-5068 mg/kg) were similar among provinces. The pH of all composts was alkaline and ranged between 7.7 and 8.9. With regards to the physical and chemical characteristics, these composts could be qualified as good quality, mature and stable composts. Key words: Bulk density, compost quality, chemical characteristics.

Sludge Coca-Cola untuk Penambahan Formula Bahan Baku Kompos

Coca-Cola Sludge For Adding Compost. This study aims to determine the compost formula with the addition of Coca-cola sludge to improve the quality of the compost. This research was conducted from June to July 2021, using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 11 formulations of compost material, namely: A = (3 kg cow manure + 1 kg rice straw + 0 kg Coca-cola sludge); B = (2.5 kg cow manure + 1.5 kg rice straw + 0.5 kg Coca-cola sludge); C = (2 kg cow manure + 2 kg rice straw + 1 kg Coca-cola sludge); D = (1.5 kg cow manure + 2.5 kg rice straw + 1.5 kg Coca-cola sludge); E = (1 kg cow manure + 3 kg rice straw + 2 kg Coca-cola sludge); F =( 0.5 kg cow manure + 3.5 kg rice straw + 2.5 kg Coca-cola sludge); G =(2.5 kg goat manure + 1.5 kg rice straw + 0.5 kg Coca-cola sludge); H =(2 kg goat manure + 2 kg rice straw + 1 kg Coca-cola sludge); I =(1.5 kg goat manure + 2.5 kg rice straw + 1.5 kg Coca-cola sludge); J =(0.5 kg goat manure + 3.5 kg rice straw + 2.5 kg Coca-cola sludge); K = (3 kg Goat manure + 1 kg rice straw + 0.5 kg Coca-cola sludge). Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that 33 experiments were obtained.The results showed that treatment G = (2.5 kg goat manure + 1.5 kg rice straw + 0.5 kg Coca-cola sludge) gave the best compost quality as indicated by the highest N, P, and K parameter values, the best C/N ratio, and pH is close to neutral. It should be tried to be applied in the field for plant growth and production.

Impact of Different Livestock Manures on the Compost Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Food Waste Composting

Although livestock manure and food waste have emerged to be main issues to cause environmental problems, at the same time, and recycle natural resources, the simultaneous treatment method and impact of two organic wastes are not well understood. In this research, the influence of different types of livestock manures combination on compost maturity, greenhouse gas (GHG) and NH3 emission was evaluated during food waste composting. Apart from a control treatment (only food waste, OF), three co-composting treatments were conducted: (1) food waste + cow manure (FCM); (2) food waste + swine manure (FSM); and (3) food waste + poultry manure (FPM). An 84-day composting experiment was conducted in 62 L composting chamber. During composting process, changes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) emissions and compost pile; temperature, pH, nutrient content, etc., were periodically investigated. The co-composting with livestock manures significantly reduced nitrogen losses by NH3 (11.5 - 44.2%) and N2O (39.1 - 49.7%) emissions. The lowest NH3 emission were observed in FSM treatment. The highest CH4 and N2O production was detected in FCM and OF treatment, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) value was calculated to evaluate overall GHG impact, then FSM showed the lowest GWP value (7.0 kg CO2 eq. kg-1), which is 109% reduction rate compared to FC (highest GWP, 14.7 kg CO2 eq. kg-1). Nutrients content such as Ca, Mg, and K of final compost product were increased by 33 - 76%, 17 - 76%, 60 - 90% in livestock manure combination treatments. Germination index was increased in FSM and FPM, compared to OF during composting, and then they could accelerate maturation rate. These results suggested that co-composting with food waste and livestock manures is recommendable to improve compost quality, especially, swine manure was an efficient material to reduce GHG and nitrogen loss by NH3 for food waste composting.Total global warming potential (GWP) and ammonia flux of different co-composting treatments during composting process.

Role of tobacco and bamboo biochar on food waste digestate co-composting: Nitrogen conservation, greenhouse gas emissions, and compost quality

Anaerobic digestion is considered an environmentally benign process for the recycling of food waste into biogas. However, unscientific disposal of ammonium-rich food waste digestate (FWD), a by-product of anaerobic digestion induces environmental issues such as odor nuisances, water pollution, phytotoxicity and pathogen transformations in soil, etc. In the present study, FWD produced from anaerobic digestion of source-separated food waste from markets and industries was used for converting FWD into biofertilizer using 20-L bench scale composters. The issues of nitrogen loss, NH3 volatilization, and greenhouse gas N2O emission were addressed using in-situ composting technologies with the aid of tobacco and bamboo biochar produced at pyrolytic temperatures of 450 °C and 600 °C, respectively. The results demonstrated that the phytotoxic nature of FWD could be reduced into a nutrient-rich compost by mitigating nitrogen loss by 29–53% using 10% tobacco and 10% bamboo biochar in comparison with the control treatment. Tobacco biochar mitigates NH3 emission by 63% but enhances the N2O emission by 65%, whereas bamboo biochar mitigates both NH3 and N2O emissions by 48% and 31%, respectively. Overall, 10% tobacco and 10% bamboo biochar amendment could reduce total nitrogen loss by 29% and 53%, respectively. Furthermore, the biochar addition significantly enhanced the biodegradation rate of FWD and the mature compost could be produced within 21 days of FWD composting as seen by an increased seed germination index (>50% on dry weight basis). The results of this study could be beneficial in developing a circular bioeconomy locally with the waste-derived substrates.

Exploration of bacterial community-induced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and humus formation during co-composting of cow manure waste combined with contaminated soil

To solve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution, composting was chosen as a remediation method. During composting, the dissipation of PAHs was carried out by resource utilization of organic solid waste and its degradation by bacteria. This study was conducted by co-composting with contaminated soil and cow manure. The results showed that the degradation rates of naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), and benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) could reach 82.2%, 79.4%, and 59.6% respectively during composting. Cluster analysis indicated that polyphenol oxidase (PPO), laccase, and protease were important drivers of PAHs transformation. The content of humic substances (HS) was 106.67 g/kg in PAH treatment, which was significantly higher than that in the control group at 65 days. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) and network analysis was used to infer the degradation mechanism of PAHs by microorganisms. The degradation of PAHs by PPO was found to have a significant contribution to the formation of HS. It was shown that PAHs and metabolic intermediates were more inclined to be oxidized and decomposed by PPO to form quinone, which in turn condensed with amino acids to form HS. Composting could promote the degradation of PAHs while improving the quality of compost, achieving a win-win situation.

Effects of additives on the co-composting of forest residues with cattle manure

Co-composting of forest residues (FR) with cattle manure (CM) results in a low nitrogen (N) conversion efficiency, a low organic matter (OM) degradation rate, and a low quality compost product. This study evaluated the effects of addition of bone charcoal (BC), pumice (PM), or straw biochar (SB) at a ratio of 10 % (w/w) on the co-composting of FR with CM. The highest quality compost was obtained with addition of 10 % PM. Compared with the control (without any additive), PM addition increased the OM degradation rate, the nitrate-N, the available phosphorus, and the available potassium by 25 %, 110 %, 24 %, and 9 %, respectively, and increased the relative abundance of bacteria (Planomicrobium, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas) involved in lignocellulose degradation and N transformation. With the addition of PM, the co-composting of FR with CM generated a high quality, useful product in only 39 days.

Biodegradation of high di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) concentration by food waste composting and its toxicity assessment using seed germination test

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer derived from phthalate ester, is used as an additive in industrial products such as plastics, paints, and medical devices. However, DEHP is known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical, causing cancers and adverse effects on human health. This study evaluated DEHP biodegradation efficiency via food waste composting during 35 days of incubation. At high DEHP concentrations (2167 mg kg−1) in food waste compost mixture, the DEHP biodegradation efficiency was 99% after 35 days. The highest degradation efficiency was recorded at the thermophilic phase (day 3 - day 11) with the biodegradation rate reached 187 mg kg−1 day−1. DEHP was metabolized to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and would be oxidized to benzyl alcohol (BA) and mineralized into CO2 and water via various metabolisms. Finally, the compost's quality with residual DEHP was evaluated using Brassica chinensis L. seeds via 96 h of germination tests. The compost (at day 35) with a trace amount of DEHP as the end product showed no significant effect on the germination rate of Brassica chinensis L. seeds (88%) compared to that without DEHP (94%), indicating that the compost can be reused as fertilizer in agricultural applications. These results provide an improved understanding of the DEHP biodegradation via food waste composting without bioaugmentation and hence facilitating its green remediation and conversion into value-added products. Nevertheless, further studies are needed on DEHP biodegradation in large-scale food waste composting or industrial applications.

Optimization of the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud in the Santa Rosalia sugar mill, Tabasco, Mexico

Objective: To optimize the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud, straw, and ash as an alternative to reduce the environmental contamination of sugarcane cultivation in the Santa Rosalía sugar mill (Ingenio Santa Rosalía) of Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement was used, with compost mixtures and the aeration times as study factors. Ten treatments were generated with six repetitions each. The study variables were pH, organic matter (%), and nitrate (NO 3 - ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) content.Results: The compost mixture factor had significant effects on compost quality parameters. Aeration times did not affect the quality of the different compost mixtures. Chemical characteristics of pH and organic matter did not present differences between the treatments. Study Limitations/Implications: The use of industrial sugarcane residues generates quality organic fertilizers through the composting process; therefore, it is necessary to test more residues, such as molasses and vinasses.Findings/Conclusions: The 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud and the 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud + 0.5% N treatments presented the highest amount of NO 3 - and NH 4 + and were therefore considered the best treatments. All treatments were classified as mature composts, rich in organic matter, with alkaline pH, and made ofsteady materials.

Compost production potential in ecotourism Bukit Cemeng, Bangli

Bukit Cemeng is one of the newly opened tourist attractions in Bangli Regency. Waste management is one of the concerns of Bukit Cemeng management. So far, the waste generated is only done by landfilling and burning so as not to pollute the environment. This type of research is study applied with design random group. Sampling units are waste generated in Bukit Cemeng Ecotourism. Research carried out replication as much 3 times for see stability of the manufacturing process compost from organic waste generated in Ecotourism Hill whiny. Based on results study obtained that average heavy waste generated in Bukit Cemeng ecotourism is 7.175 kg, average waste volume is 0.23 m3 and density waste 33.27 kg/m3. There is no difference in the quality of Carbon, Nitrogen and Potassium in the three replications of processing waste into compost, meaning that the resulting Carbon Nitrogen, and Potassium values are stable. There is difference nitrogen quality in three replications processing rubbish it means the Nitrogen value produced no stable. Compost produced at Bukit Cemeng Ecotourism Fulfill requirements quality compost based on SNI 19-7030-2004.