Children's Quality Research Articles

Nutrition Practices of Family Child Care Home Providers and Children's Diet Quality

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the diet quality of children aged 2–5 years cared for in family child care homes (FCCHs) with provider adherence to nutrition best practices. DesignCross-sectional analysis. ParticipantsFamily child care home providers (n = 120, 100% female, 67.5% Latinx) and children (n = 370, 51% female, 58% Latinx) enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial. Main Outcome MeasuresData were collected over 2 days at each FCCH. The Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation tool was used to document whether providers exhibited nutrition practices on the basis of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care. Each practice was scored as either present or absent. Children's food intake was observed using Diet Observation at Child Care and analyzed with the Healthy Eating Index–2015. AnalysisMultilevel linear regression models assessed the association between providers exhibiting best practices regarding nutrition and children's diet quality. The model accounted for clustering by FCCH and controlled for provider ethnicity, income level, and multiple comparisons. ResultsChildren in FCCHs in which more of the best practices were implemented had higher diet quality (B = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–1.99; P = 0.03). Specifically, children whose providers promoted autonomous feeding (B = 27.52; 95% CI, 21.02–34.02; P < 0.001) and provided nutrition education (B = 7.76; 95% CI, 3.29–12.23; P = 0.001) had higher total Healthy Eating Index scores. Conclusions and ImplicationsFuture interventions and policies could support FCCH providers in implementing important practices such as autonomy feeding practices, talking informally to children about nutrition, and providing healthful foods and beverages.

The Effect of Music Therapy on Improving Sleep Quality in Children During Hospitalization: Literature Review

Hospitalization is a crisis situation that occurs in children when they are treated at the hospital, one of the conditions experienced by children when they are sick is the reduced need for sleep. The quality of sleep in children is very necessary when sick to boost the immune system in a child's body so that it will help in the healing process of an illness that is experienced. To explore and look for the effect of music therapy on improving the quality of sleep in children during hospitalization. This study used the literature review method with article searches conducted on the Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar electronic databases. There were 1,891 articles on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, but only 10 articles met all inclusion criteria and were reviewed. There is an effect of music therapy on improving sleep quality in children during hospitalization. it can be concluded that one of the non-pharmacological therapy programs in improving the quality of sleep in children while being treated at the hospital is using music therapy. This is evidenced by the results of several studies, namely the average quality of sleep in children who underwent hospitalization in the group before and after the administration of music therapy experienced an increase in the quality of children's sleep. Giving music therapy can be given through a tape recorder, MP3 which is usually given at a certain time. Music is received by the hearing organs which are then channeled to the center of the brain called the limbic system which regulates emotions in humans.

Community perspectives on the appropriateness and importance of support goals for young autistic children.

Researchers do not know much about what autistic adults, parents and professionals think about support goals for young autistic children. People's views of support goals might also be influenced by their beliefs about early support more generally. This survey involved 87 autistic adults, 159 parents of autistic children and 80 clinical professionals living in New Zealand and Australia. We asked participants questions about themselves and what they thought about early support for young autistic children in general. We then asked participants to rate whether different support goals were appropriate for young autistic children and, if they were appropriate, to rate their level of priority. We found that autistic adults, parents and professionals all rated goals about the adult changing to better support the child, reducing and replacing harmful behaviours and improving the child's quality of life as the highest priorities. They all rated goals about autism characteristics, play skills and academic skills as the lowest priorities. Compared to parents and/or professionals, autistic adults gave lower priority ratings for play skills, autism characteristics and participation goals. Autistic adults were also more likely to rate goals related to play skills and autism characteristics as inappropriate. While these three participant groups generally agreed on the order of priority of early support goals for young autistic children, autistic adults found goals related to autism characteristics, play and/or participation to be an even lower priority and less appropriate than parents and professionals.

Saudi Children's and Their Parents' Perception of a Digitally Modified Photograph Model of Different Smiles with Different Anterior Teeth Alignments and Dental Appearances.

Since there is a lack of data on dentofacial esthetic perception in Saudi Arabia, the present research was conducted to study children's and their parent's perceptions of smiles with different dental alignments and dental appearances. In addition, we aimed to determine whether facial attractiveness or dental esthetic dominates the overall esthetic perception. Finally, we aimed to investigate the influence of gender on the judgment of a dental smile. Six digitally altered photographs and two dynamic videos of smiling faces of boys and girls with different dental alignments and appearances were shown to 183 children and their parents in malls in Saudi Arabia's Qassim Province. Following the parent's acceptance of the interview, the child was interviewed first, followed by the parent. Their responses were measured using a smile perception questionnaire (SPQ) for children aged 8-10 years. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results demonstrated that whole-face smiles of both boys and girls with different poor dentofacial esthetics had a significantly lower rating score than lower third-face smiles scores among children and their parents (p ≤ 0.05). Except for a few views, there were no significant differences between children's and their parents' dentofacial esthetic judgments. Moreover, the answers to the smile perception questionnaire 8-10 for the smiling face dynamic videos of boys and girls were not significantly different. Children agreed with their parents in judging the smiles of different dentofacial esthetic perceptions. Overall, esthetics was more influenced by facial esthetics than dental esthetics. Background attractiveness and sexual characteristics do not affect smile perception. The smile is considered one of the major determinants of how the overall esthetic of children will appear. Thus, the comprehensive diagnosis involving the analysis of malocclusion and poor dental appearance psychological effect can be used for patient care improvement. Consequently, dental treatment to improve the dental smile will enhance the children's quality of life and social interaction.

Quality of Life Measures for Iraqi Children’s Patients with Covid-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on public health in particular and on the survival rate in general. Objective: This study aimed to assess children's quality of life during COVID-19. Patients and methods: A prospective study was conducted on paediatric patients infected with Covid-19, aged between 2 and 15 years, in different hospitals in Iraq, from July 17, 2022, to March 15, 2023. The study assessed the patients' general health by comparing their quality of life before and during COVID-19 using the ED-EQ scale. It also evaluated the survival rate of paediatric patients during Covid-19, using the Kaplan-Meier survival scale. Results: The results showed data for pediatric patients infected with COVID-19, indicating that patients in the age group (12-15) years recorded the highest infection rate, with 50 cases, with the percentage of males reaching 64 cases and females 38 cases. The most common symptoms were accompanied by fever in 21 patients and diarrhea in 19 patients. The clinical outcomes recorded that the dependent parameters in patients' health decreased during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19, and they were general health factor (65.35 ± 7.8), physical factor (67.82 ± 9.2), and school interaction (54.20 ± 8.9). This is the most common of these findings. Moreover, these results recorded the 70-day survival rate of pediatric patients during and after COVID-19, as the survival rates were significantly lower during the period between days ten and day 60 compared to post-COVID-19. Conclusion: Although COVID-19 appears to be less frequent in children than in adults, it has a detrimental impact on children's quality of life, posing considerable physical, psychological, as well as mental health on children.

Understanding the Predictive Potential of the Oral Microbiome in the Development and Progression of Early Childhood Caries.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools, including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches, have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC. The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.

Cerebralis paresisben szenvedő gyermekek egészségindexe

Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire is a measurement tool for assessing health status and wellbeing of disabled children, which evaluates children's quality of life from the caregiver point of view. The aim of our work was the Hungarian translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and also validation of the CPCHILD on Hungarian cerebral palsy patients. Further aim was to test the eligibility of the questionnaire for superficial assessment of caregiver's psychological attitudes. Translation of the questionnaire was carried out according to the Beaton's guidelines. Test-retest, interrater reliability (ICC) and also internal consistency (Cronbach-alpha) were calculated for reliability. The importance of the questions was assessed for face validity and known group validity test was done to measure construct validity. For examining parental attitudes, the patients were divided into ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups and the 36 quality of life questions of the 7th domain were used to find relations. During test-retest reliability measurements, the ICC was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.88-0.98), and Cronbach-alpha exceeded the minimal expected value of 0.7 (0.74-0.97) except in the 5th domain (0.67), while measuring interrater reliability the ICC was 0.87 (95% CI 0.70-0.94). Face validity was above the 2.0 threshold in every question (2.6-4.5; mean: 3.4 ± 1.34) and the known group validity calculations showed significant differences between the CPCHILD scores of ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups. Examining parental attitudes, a significant difference was also shown among the parents of ambulatory and non-ambulatory children in assessing the importance of sitting in the quality of life of their children (2.89 ± 1.28 vs. 3.51 ± 0.82; p<0.01). The final outcome of our study is that CPCHILD questionnaire has become widely accessible in Hungarian language. Our result, that the answers referring to the sitting abilities and the activities should be carried out in sitting position, was significantly different among the caregivers of the ambulatory and non-ambulatory children, showing that the parents of the GMFCS IV and V category children evaluate the importance of sitting ability higher compared to those parents who care for GMFCS I, II and III category children. Furthermore, the results draw attention to the wellbeing and health of the children measurable with CPCHILD as well as that parental caregiver attitudes can be recognized which may give further help in finding the balance between expectations and possibilities during the rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(16): 610-617.

Qualitative Investigation into the Perception towards Compassionate Parenting among Parents of Autistic Children: Cross-Cultural Comparison between the UK and The Netherlands.

Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder is believed to present challenges that lead to increased levels of stress, as well as a reduction in the quality of the relationship between parent and child. This study aims to investigate parental perceptions toward a compassionate parenting style of parenting to better understand how this style may influence relationships and quality of life in parents. Parents from the United Kingdom (six parents) and the Netherlands (five parents) were invited take part in semi-structured interviews, whereby the data collected were subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. Data from both British and Dutch groups were overall similar to each other. Four themes were identified from the aggregated data: (a) "Parents believe compassionate parenting is important" (parents believed that compassion is an essential element of their parenting style and improves situational outcomes); (b) "Compassionate parenting de-escalates stressful situations" (compassionate parenting reduces stress and improves the quality of life); (c) "High pressure situations as a threat to practice compassion" (challenges and limitations to compassionate parenting style); and (d) "Greater public and professional awareness of autistic behaviours" (the general public and professional services often lack awareness to recognise autistic behaviour traits). Results are consistent with research examining the perceptions of parents of neurotypical children, in that a more compassionate approach to parenting is valued, as it is believed to create a greater connection with the child. Our findings inform researchers and educators as to what parents of children with ASD find useful, important, and worthwhile. Future research needs to investigate how compassionate parenting impacts autistic children's quality of life.

Brief Report: The Impact of COVID-19 on Parental Stress and Learning Challenges for Chinese Children with SpLD.

The pandemic induced a radical shift to online learning with increased parental involvement. This study investigates the challenges that students with specific learning difficulties (SpLD) encountered during the pandemic and the mediating role of parental stress. A total of 294 parents of children with SpLD (mean age = 10.6; SD = 1.5) were recruited. Parents reported concerns over their children's difficulties maintaining learning routines, lack of suitable environment for online classes, and ineffective remote learning. Results of mediation analysis showed that online learning challenges, SpLD symptoms, and emotional and behavioral difficulties positively predicted parental stress. In turn, parental stress negatively predicted children's self-esteem and family quality of life. The study implies that parents of children with SpLD need both psychological and technical support under suspension of face-to-face teaching.

Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Children with Down Syndrome of 7 to 12 Year-Old in Medan

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of overnutrition, the increasing number of children with Down syndrome, followed by the higher risk of children with Down syndrome to experience overnutrition, research conducted on factors that influence the nutritional status of children with Down syndrome is still limited in Indonesia. This research was conducted to look at the comparison of factors affecting the nutritional status of children with Down syndrome in the 7-12-year-old age group in Medan.Subjects dan Method: This research is an analytical cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to mothers of children with Down syndrome at POTADS Medan. The sampling method used is purposive sampling and data that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria is selected. The number of samples were 30 children with Down syndrome. The data is then analyzed with Spearman’s correlation using SPSS with children’s nutritional status as the dependent factor and paternal education, maternal education, total parents’ earnings, children's energy intake, children’s diet quality, children’s physical activity, and maternal nutritional knowledge as the independent factors.Results: Correlations were found between the nutritional status of the children and paternal education (p= 0.019; r= -0.42), between children’s nutritional status and children's energy intake (p= 0.002; r= 0.55), and between children’s nutritional status and children’s diet quality (p= 0.015; r= -0.44) with confidence interval at 95%.Conclusion: Strong negative correlation against children’s nutritional status was found in paternal education and children's diet quality, while strong positive correlation was found in children’s energy intake. Indirect correlations against nutritional status were found in maternal education, parents’ total income, and maternal nutritional knowledge score. Keywords: down syndrome, diet quality, bmi. Correspondence: Reynard Andrew. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Dr. T. Mansur No.9, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20222, Indonesia. Email: reydrew7@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285361991111.

Interactive design method for children's table screen

With the introduction of the national double reduction policy, the needs of children and parents have become diversified. Especially, traditional children's picture books can no longer meet the learning and living needs of contemporary children, and the cross-media development of children's books is the general trend. In children's reading scene quality began to improve the situation, interactive children's books on the table screen will also lead the tide. Table screen interaction will increase users' sense of reading experience by changing the way users read. Its significance lies in placing picture books, cards or other products related to the content of children's books in front of smart devices, and using auxiliary devices to convey users' interaction behavior between the desktop and the books to the smart devices. Through image processing technology, users' fingertip operation, painting, page turning and other behaviors can be identified to present another scene on smart devices, bringing users a more immersive learning experience.

Neurogenic voiding dysfunction in children: challenges of wartime

Neurogenic voiding dysfunction (NVD) is the result of the functional inability of the urinary bladder associated with neural dysregulation mechanisms at different levels. During the period when a child grows and thrives, the most important body systems develop. So, the influence of any traumatic events on children has very severe and delayed negative consequences. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) not only disrupts the psychological state of the child but also provokes a number of pathologies, leading to the progression of already existing problems, especially those associated with a neurovegetative imbalance. Elucidation of the causes and mechanisms of NVD development, which arose against the background of PTSD, gains ground in wartime.&#x0D; NVD in children is often combined with psychobehavioral (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, dissociative episodes, increased anxiety, insomnia, night terrors, eating disorders) and somatic (pathology of the digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, infectious diseases, etc.) problems that are exacerbated by PTSD.&#x0D; Close anatomic-functional and neurovegetative interaction of the pelvic organs determines the development of concomitant colonic dysfunction, which very often accompanies NVD. Unfortunately, because of the great variety of clinical manifestations of bladder and bowel dysfunction, the combined pathology is often overlooked, and diagnosed late, which negatively affects the child's quality of life and psychological state.&#x0D; Attention to the combined dysfunction of the bladder and bowel, timely diagnosis and proper correction with the use of pathogenetic-directed therapy, adequate nutrition, and long-term psycho-rehabilitation measures are necessary measures in the effective management of children in wartime.

A comparison of children’s experiences with fixed and removable functional appliances: A qualitative study

The objective of this study was to compare children's experiences and perceptions of treatment with Hanks-Herbst (HH) and modified Twin-block (MTB) functional appliances. A pragmatic nested qualitative study was undertaken in a single hospital setting. Participants from a randomized controlled trial (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 11717011) wearing HH and/or MTB appliances were interviewed using a topic guide in a one-to-one, semistructured format. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for framework methodology analysis until data saturation was reached. Eighteen participants (HH, 7: MTB, 4; switched group, 7) were interviewed. Thirteen codes were constructed and grouped into 3 themes: (1) functional impairment and symptoms, (2) psychosocial factors and impacts, and (3) feedback on appliances and patient care. Both appliances had a negative impact on quality of life, with disruption to children's daily routines and psychological well-being. Speaking was more problematic for MTB participants, whereas HH participants encountered mastication and breakage issues. HH was preferred by most participants, as its nonremovable feature meant less managing and self-discipline was required. MTB was considered a suitable option for children with good self-discipline and who preferred a versatile lifestyle. Feedback included wishes for the availability of multiple appliance options and a degree of autonomy in decision-making processes. HH and MTB can negatively affect children's quality of life. Participants preferred HH over MTB because of its nonremovable feature, and children requested to be empowered during decision-making processes.

Atopic Dermatitis in Children in the General Population: Baseline Characteristics, Medication Use, and Severity Measures in the Rotterdam Eczema Study.

Background: Real-life data on severity and treatments in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are needed to evaluate self-management. Objectives: To determine severity and use of topical treatments in children with AD in the general population. Furthermore, we aim to determine agreement and correlation between objective and subjective AD severity measures. Methods: Data were used from the Rotterdam Eczema Study, an observational prospective cohort study with an embedded pragmatic open-label randomized controlled trial. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline characteristics, medication use, and severity. Strength of agreement and correlation were determined using kappa analysis and Pearson correlation. Results: In total, 367 children (mean age 5.7 years) were recruited. The mean eczema area and severity index (EASI) score was 2.1 (±3.2) and mean patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM) score was 10.3 (±6.1). The majority applied emollients on a daily basis (54.9%) and had not used topical corticosteroids (TCSs) over the past week (51%). Based on severity banding of POEM and EASI, 49.9% and 24.9% of the children were undertreated, respectively. No evidence was found for an agreement between EASI and POEM (kappa 0.028, n = 178, P = 0.451). A moderate correlation between POEM, EASI, infants' dermatitis quality of life index, and children's dermatology life quality index was found. POEM showed higher correlation with quality of life (QoL) than EASI. Conclusion: Emollients were used sufficiently in the study population. Based on signs or symptoms, 24.9% and 49.9% of children are undertreated, respectively. POEM scores correlated better with QoL than with EASI scores. We argue that EASI underestimates severity of AD, and treatment based on EASI scores may lead to undertreatment of AD. Treating physicians should be aware of suboptimal use of TCSs.

Parental food neophobia, feeding practices, and preschooler’s food neophobia: A cross-sectional study in China

This study explores the relationship between parental food neophobia, feeding practices, and preschoolers' food neophobia in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1616 pairs of preschoolers and their parents. Electronic questionnaires were conducted to collect information about social and demographic characteristics, scores of food neophobia among both children and their parents, parents' feeding patterns and children's dietary quality. Results: Children's average food neophobia score was 23.73 ± 4.45. There was a positive correlation between parental food neophobia score (β: 0.154; 95%CI: 0.113, 0.195), pressure to eat (β: 0.694; 95%CI: 0.423, 0.964), postpartum breastfeeding initiation (β: 0.010; 95%CI: 0.002, 0.018), and children's score of food neophobia. However, parental modeling (β: -0.470; 95%CI: -0.732, −0.207) and the frequency of children eating with their families at home (β: -0.407; 95%CI: -0.707, −0.108) were negatively associated with children's food neophobia scores. The consumption frequencies of vegetables (P < 0.001), fruits (P < 0.001), domestic animals and poultry (P < 0.01), aquatic products (P < 0.05), beans and their products (P < 0.01), eggs (P < 0.05) and nuts (P < 0.05) and children's dietary diversity score (P < 0.001) are negatively associated with children’ food neophobia score. While the consumption frequencies of fast food (P < 0.001), sweets (P < 0.01) and puffed/fried food (P < 0.001) were positively associated with children's food neophobia. Conclusion: Chinese preschoolers' food neophobia needs more attention because children with high food neophobia tend to have lower dietary quality. Children whose parents have high-level food neophobia should be the focus of early prevention. Earlier postpartum breastfeeding, more use of parental modelling, less pressure to eat and higher frequency of children eating with families are helpful to reduce the incidence of children's food neophobia.

Shared and unique characteristics of school, cyber and family victimization among school‐aged children in Hong Kong

AbstractVictimizations from online and offline violence, such as sibling violence, school violence and witness of family violence, both have negative associations with victims' mental health and may share similar individual and family characteristics. This study aims to explore the common and differentiated characteristics in the prediction of school, cyber and family victimization and whether there are unique associations within these victimization types. We employed a two‐stage stratified sampling method to collect a representative sample of 5567 children aged 3–17 from a cross‐sectional, school‐based survey in Hong Kong. Results showed that all types of child victimization, including sibling, school and cyberbullying, as well as the witness of violence at home, were positively correlated with each other. Children's age was positively related to the occurrence and cooccurrence of all types of child victimization. Frequent family residential mobility and parents' higher education level were positively related to all types of children's victimization. The scores of all aspects of children's paediatric quality of life were found negatively related to children's school victimization. This study provides insight into the unique and shared elements of children's online and offline victimization. Knowledge of the distinguished familial gradients of child victimization at home and beyond could benefit the development of child victimization prevention.

The Child and Adult Care Food Program and young children's health: a systematic review.

The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) is a federal nutrition program that supports young children's nutrition. Its potential impacts on child well-being have not been summarized. The objective of this review was to summarize the evidence for the impact of CACFP on children's diet quality, weight status, food insecurity, and cognitive development. Databases searched included MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC, PsycInfo, Dissertations & Theses Global (Proquest), EconLit, NBER, and the USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), from database inception to November 12, 2021. Studies were included if the sample drew from child care programs serving children between the ages of 2years and 18years and if a comparison group of nonparticipating programs was included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, year(s) of data collection, region, sample size, participant demographics, outcomes, and risk of bias. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative synthesis was used. Nineteen articles were reviewed, most of which had been published since 2012. Seventeen used cross-sectional designs. Twelve evaluated foods and beverages served; 4 evaluated dietary intake; 4 evaluated the child care nutrition environment; 2 evaluated food insecurity, 1 evaluated weight status; none evaluated cognitive outcomes. Studies typically found either a small beneficial association with CACFP or no significant association. Currently, evidence for an association between CACFP and children's health is inconclusive, though it is slightly suggestive of a benefit for some dietary quality outcomes. More research, with stronger study designs, is needed. A protocol for this systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO systematic review protocol registry (PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021254423).

Development and use of early detection instruments questionnaire of emotional behavior problems (KMPE) REV.01 mobile based on android on the motivation of nurses in detecting the emotional behavior of preschool children

Introduction: Children's health efforts can be carried out as early as possible to find out developmental deviations in children while maintaining and improving children's quality of life optimally, physically, mentally, emotionally, socially and intelligence that has the potential to be developed. The quality of child development is a determinant of the child's further development. The slightest deviation in child development must be immediately detected and handled in order to develop optimally. The Golden Period is a very important period and a short period of time because it cannot be repeated. The Golden Period is the first 5 years of a child's life which is very sensitive to the environment. Materials and methods: This research method is carried out in several stages. The initial stage is by analyzing the initial product to be developed, this research will develop and design the KMPE REV.01 Mobile which consists of plotting, application features, input of history data, data coding, results of detection of deviations in children's emotional behavior and basic problem-solving solutions then the product developed will be validated by experts &amp; revised, small-scale field trials. Small-scale research data collection method using primary data. The next stage will be testing the effectiveness.

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Fatigue and Sleep Quality in Children Undergoing Hemodialysis

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Fatigue and Sleep Quality in Children Undergoing Hemodialysis

Can malocclusion among children impact their oral health-related quality of life? parents' perspective.

Malocclusion can negatively impact the quality of life of children. Therefore, this study assesses the impact of proxy-reported malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from the parents or guardians' perspectives. A self-administered electronic questionnaire was used to assess the correlation between proxy-reported malocclusion conditions during the early mixed dentition stage (children age 6-12 years) and oral health-related quality of life using the OHIP-14 measure. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Among the 353 participants in the study, anterior open-bite was the most common proxy-reported malocclusion with a prevalence of 19%, followed by unilateral posterior cross bite (13.3%). Furthermore, 31% reported that their children sometimes experienced negative impacts on quality of life from malocclusions. The results also show that OHIP-14 scores were significantly associated with all proxy-reported malocclusion (p < 0.05). The highest OHIP-14 score was found to be significantly associated with the presence of deep-bite from parents' or guardians' perspective. The presence of some proxy-assessed malocclusion was associated with negative impacts on children's oral health-related quality of life. This is very important to consider when assessing the need for orthodontic intervention, especially at this stage as this age is critical in building a child's confidence and self-esteem.