This observational study investigates the technological innovations and infrastructural developments in Siddha pharmaceutical industries across Tamil Nadu. The research provides a detailed analysis of automated machinery, modern fermenting vessels, packaging improvements, preservatives, and quality control measures aligned with AYUSH and international standards. The study also documents research and development efforts focused on new proprietary formulations and standardization, showcasing the industry’s shift from traditional to large-scale production. Key infrastructural features such as segregated production areas and centralized packing sections are analyzed alongside the impact of mechanization affects efficiency and product consistency. While technological integration has enhanced mass production and regulatory compliance, challenges remain, including raw material scarcity, cost fluctuations, limited clinical validation, and slow modernization in smaller units. The study offers valuable insights into the current state of Siddha pharma industries, emphasizing the need for balanced modernization, improved quality assurance, and strategic marketing to promote sustainable growth and global acceptance.

This study aims to identify new genetic loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and explore shared genetic risk factors across African, European, and Admixed American/Latino populations.Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) utilizing data from theAll of UsResearch Program.The study included 374,254 participants, with 4,305 individuals diagnosed with POAG and 369,949 controls. Participants were categorized by ancestry: European, African, and Admixed American/Latino. We used short-read sequencing data and applied strict quality control measures (MAF > 0.01, INFO > 0.8). GWAS were conducted for each ancestry group using a logistic mixed model, adjusting for age, sex, and the top 11 principal components. A fixed-effect meta-analysis combined the results across ancestries. Genome-wide significance was set at p<5×10-8.The primary outcome measures were the identification of genetic loci associated with POAG, and the analysis of transcription factors linked to these loci in relevant tissues.In the European cohort, we identified four novel loci associated with POAG, linked to theTUT4, RYK, MOXD1, and UBAP2genes, as well as the previously knownTMCO1locus. In the African cohort, we found five new loci, includingTSPAN17, SLC16A7, LOC100506869, LINC02388, and LOC107984606. For the Admixed American/Latino cohort, we identifiedGATA5, FAM135B, and LINC00871genes as novel loci.Our analysis identified three novel loci in individuals of European ancestry, mapped to the genesTUT4, RYK, and MOXD1. In addition, five novel loci were detected in the GWAS of African ancestry participants, and four novel loci were identified in individuals of Admixed American/Latino ancestry. These findings indicate that the genetic determinants contributing to POAG may differ across populations, underscoring the importance of accounting for population-specific genetic architectures in the study of complex traits. Given the substantial variation in POAG prevalence among ancestries, it is plausible that certain genetic variants exert ancestry-specific effects. Consequently, conducting ancestry-stratified GWAS is essential for elucidating these unique genetic contributions.

Abstract: The aggregation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in herbal formulation presents a significant opportunity to improve herbal drug discovery, tailor medicine to individual needs, and expand healthcare access. The growing demand for herbal products high-lights the necessity for robust quality control measures to ensure their safety and efficacy. This study presents an innovative AI-ML-based method for quality control testing in herbal standardi-zation, employing ML algorithms to evaluate complex phytochemical profiles. It emphasizes the potential of an ML-based approach to standardize herbal formulations through advanced quality control testing. The study involves the compilation of various AI-ML-based techniques-or exist-ing techniques integrated with AI-ML systems-for analyzing complex datasets comprising chemi-cal profiles, spectral data, and chromatographic results from various herbal samples. The AI-ML models effectively identify critical bioactive compounds and detect adulteration, thereby improv-ing the accuracy of quality assessment. By training these models on a wide variety of herbal spe-cies, high predictive accuracy can be achieved, underscoring the method's applicability in real-world settings. These novel techniques contribute to enhancing the quality control process, assist in meeting regulatory requirements, and enhance consumer safety. Based on the literature, it is suggested that integrating AI-based methods into herbal standardization can significantly enhance product reliability and promote market confidence.

We present a detailed ChIA-PET benchwork protocol optimized for investigating cohesin- and condensin-mediated chromatin contacts. This method combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), proximity ligation, EcoP15I digestion, and sequencing library construction to achieve high specificity in detecting SMC-dependent genomic contacts. Key quality control measures, including ChIP DNA validation, linker ligation strategies, and PCR cycle optimization, are outlined to enhance data reliability. By providing a genome-wide view of SMC-driven chromatin contacts, this method offers valuable insights into the fundamental principles of genome folding and maintenance.

IntroductionA traditional Chinese herbal decoction, Huoxue-Jiangtang decoction (HXJT), has been clinically prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia for many years. However, the potential mechanisms underlying its anti-diabetic effects remain unclear.MethodsThe aim of this study was to explore the anti-diabetic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of HXJT in T2DM rats, which were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and subsequently induced with streptozotocin (STZ). HPLC-MS analysis was performed to characterize the chemical composition of HXJT and serve as a quality control measure. The T2DM rats were treated with metformin or HXJT for 8 weeks.Results and discussionTreatment with HXJT significantly reduced hyperglycemia and improved insulin resistance in T2DM rats, as revealed by multiple assessments, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity index analysis, and histological examination of pancreas islets. HXJT treatment decreased blood lipid profile, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, although it did not change the rats’ body weight. The Western blot results indicated that HXJT reversed the downregulation of AKT and PI3K and markedly increased glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscles. Moreover, the levels of glycogen synthetase (GS), hexokinase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glycogen, and muscle glycogen in the HXJT group significantly increased relative to those in untreated T2DM group, while TNF-α levels decreased observably. In conclusion, HXJT improves insulin resistance, enhances insulin sensitivity, and helps preserve glucose homeostasis. The potential molecular mechanisms are related to the activation of PI3K/AKT and GLUT4 in skeletal muscles, either directly or indirectly.

Obesity is a chronic disease with a rising global prevalence, representing a significant public health burden. Patients increasingly utilize short-video platforms such as TikTok and Bilibili to obtain health information regarding bariatric surgery. The quality and reliability of this content have not been thoroughly evaluated, raising concerns about the potential for misinformation to influence patient decision-making. A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on the top 100 videos retrieved from both TikTok and Bilibili using the keyword "bariatric surgery" in Chinese. After excluding irrelevant and duplicate content, a total of 200 videos were included for analysis. Videos were systematically categorized by uploader type and content. Two senior bariatric surgeons independently assessed the videos for quality and reliability using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and a modified DISCERN instrument. TikTok videos demonstrated significantly higher user engagement, with greater median likes, collections, shares, and comments compared to Bilibili (p < 0.001). Conversely, Bilibili videos had a significantly longer median duration (p < 0.001). The overall quality of videos on both platforms was suboptimal. However, TikTok videos received modestly higher GQS and DISCERN scores from both reviewers (p < 0.05). Content uploaded by professional institutions achieved the highest quality scores across both platforms (p < 0.001). Professional individuals were the predominant uploaders, accounting for 79.0% of the videos. A strong positive correlation was observed among user engagement metrics (likes, saves, shares, comments; r > 0.9), but these metrics showed no significant correlation with GQS or DISCERN quality scores. The quality and reliability of bariatric surgery-related educational content on both TikTok and Bilibili are largely inadequate. While TikTok videos demonstrated slightly superior quality scores, professional institutions represent the most reliable source of information. User engagement metrics are poor indicators of video quality. These findings underscore the need for healthcare professionals to guide patients in navigating online health information and for platforms to implement more stringent quality control measures.

Essential Oils are innovative products of vegetable origin, whose use can find multifunctional applications in food supplements, aquaculture as a complementary feed, agriculture as plant protection products, topical disinfectants and wellness products. The aims of this study are the development of a multiresidue method to be used with essential oils, the determination of contaminant pesticide levels in twelve different products randomly taken from the Italian market and a preliminary human risk assessment. By using the developed method, fulfilling the EU criteria for pesticide control activity, we found that Citrus EOs showed the highest contamination among the investigated products. Inter-batches variability was also evident. Considering the oral and dermal exposure to different pesticide residues contaminating the analysed EO, based on combined exposure to multiple pesticides, and their hazard potential, no risk for consumers’ health seems to be present. However, these preliminary findings underscore the importance of monitoring and quality control measures in the production and distribution of EOs to ensure consumer safety.

This guide outlines a step-by-step methodology for utilizing Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays (NAPPA) to identify and characterize novel autoantibody biomarkers for specific diseases. The guide starts with a detailed description of the discovery phase design, including target antigens, sample selection, and experimental controls. It further describes the protein microarray fabrication, emphasizing quality control measures to ensure protein expression and reliable array performance. The third section describes the autoantibody discovery and validation process, including sample preparation, data acquisition, and processing. Finally, it offers a range of data analysis strategies for identifying biomarkers using the NAPPA for further investigation.

Background: Histopathology and cytology are pivotal diagnostic disciplines that utilize microscopic analysis of tissues and cells to detect diseases, including cancers and inflammatory conditions. Aim: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques, processes, and quality control measures employed in histopathology and cytology laboratories. Methods: A detailed review of histopathological and cytological procedures, including specimen preparation, fixation, processing, processing embedding, sectioning, staining, and quality assurance protocols, was conducted based on established guidelines and literature. Results: The study outlines key techniques such as routine histopathology, frozen section analysis, immunohistochemistry, special staining, and cytology, emphasizing their role in accurate diagnosis. Fixation with 10% neutral buffered formalin, tissue processing with automated systems, and precise sectioning (3–5 μm) ensure high-quality slides. Quality control measures, including proper labeling and standardized protocols, minimize errors. Conclusion: Histopathology and cytology laboratories are essential for precise disease diagnosis, leveraging advanced techniques and rigorous quality control to enhance patient outcomes.

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a salinity-resistant tree known for its high nutritional and medicinal value. In recent years, interest in Moringa has grown as a cash crop in developing countries due to its potential to address food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. However, development of Moringa value chains faces significant challenges, including accessing quality seeds, processing skills, pest and fungal issues, and market access barriers. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining stakeholder interviews based on participatory co-inquiry and co-research process, to identify key activities and challenges in Pakistan's Moringa value chain. These findings underscore the critical need for improved hygiene management and the establishment of formal value chains to unlock Moringa's economic potential for smallholders. Despite these, study identifies significant opportunities for value-added products, e-commerce integration, and value chain development through improved processing techniques and establishing robust downstream market linkages that led to improved farmer returns. Leveraging the community's indigenous knowledge about Moringa's benefits proved instrumental in encouraging the development of value-added products. Assessment of consumer preferences and concerns revealed a need for better quality control measures to meet market needs. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of both forward and backward market linkages to promote sustainable development, ultimately improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers, and maximizing economic potential. The findings conclude that although enormous potential exists for moringa based products, the gaps in communication among actors and lack of awareness among local consumers hinder the sector growth. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Value chain, Market access, Smallholder farmers, Co-inquiry.

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have emerged as powerful tools in personalized medicine applicable to both non-malignant conditions and to cancer, where they are increasingly used for personalized drug screening and precision treatment strategies in part due to their ability to replicate tumor heterogeneity. They also serve as study model systems to understand disease mechanisms, pathways, and the impact of ex vivo exposures. We present a detailed step-by-step protocol for generating organoids from normal crypts, polyps, and tumors, including methods for tissue processing, crypt isolation, culture establishment, and the transition from basolateral to apical-out polarity for co-culture and exposure-based studies. The protocol also includes immunofluorescence staining procedures for cellular characterization and quality control measures. Our standardized approach successfully generates organoids from diverse colorectal tissues with high efficiency and reproducibility. This comprehensive guide addresses common technical challenges and provides troubleshooting strategies to improve success rates across different sample types. We believe that this resource will enhance reproducibility in organoid research and expand their utility in translational applications, particularly for personalized medicine approaches in colorectal cancer.

The success of targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) hinges on the precise identification of driver alterations, including mutations, gene fusions, and amplifications. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a comprehensive molecular diagnostic tool, capable of detecting both known and novel genomic aberrations, providing critical support for personalized NSCLC treatment. However, NGS remains a complex and technically challenging method. Despite its widespread adoption, NGS still faces some challenges, including technical complexity and prolonged turnaround times. Here, the ISO15189-certified NGS workflow implemented in the clinical laboratory is introduced. The standardized protocol encompassed tumor cellularity assessment (≥20 %), DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues (DNA input ≥ 50 ng), automated library preparation, and bioinformatics analysis. By integrating stringent quality control (QC) measures at each step, the workflow ensures high data reliability. Besides, the key innovation in workflow was the automation of NGS library construction. The automated system of NGS library construction included end repair, A-tailing, adapter ligation, hybridization capture, and purification, effectively minimizing human error, enhancing experimental reproducibility, reducing hands-on time, and thus improving efficiency. Together, experience demonstrates that rigorous QC and automated library preparation are essential for maintaining accuracy and scalability in clinical NGS testing. This optimized approach not only ensures compliance with ISO15189 standards but also supports the growing demand for precision oncology in NSCLC management.

Local livestock genetic resources are crucial for sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation. Dengchuan cattle, a nationally protected dairy breed in China, are esteemed for their high milk fat content and cultural significance. However, they have been threatened by crossbreeding with exotic high-yielding breeds, resulting in a decline in purebred resources. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of a conserved population using 100K SNP microarray data from 74 individuals. After implementing strict quality control measures, 78,460 loci were retained for principal component analysis (PCA), which identified 100 SNPs most associated with PC1. After calculating high-consistency loci using PLINK, based on allelic consistency, we selected 61 high-stability markers to represent 60 individuals for further analysis. Genetic diversity parameters indicated moderate polymorphism, with an effective population size (Ne) of 2.293, observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.300, expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.326, and an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.261. A paired t-test confirmed a highly significant difference between Ho and He (p < 0.001). Runs of homozygosity (ROH) revealed a moderate level of inbreeding (FROH = 0.0928), with bulls exhibiting slightly higher values than females. Neighbor-joining (NJ) clustering further indicated clear lineage distinctions among bulls, but lower kinship among females. Overall, Dengchuan cattle exhibit moderate genetic diversity but face risks due to a small Ne and an unbalanced family structure. Targeted breeding strategies and genetic monitoring are recommended to ensure sustainable conservation and utilization.

Acyclovir (AVR), an antiviral drug often used to treat herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infections, necessitates precise and repeatable measurement for quality control, pharmacokinetic investigations, and therapeutic monitoring. This review examines both developing and known analytical approaches for determining AVR. Chromatography, spectrophotometry, electrochemical methods, and newer approaches, such as hyphenated and sensor-based methods, are critically evaluated as to sensitivity, accuracy, economical, and applicability across a wide range of dimensions. Analytical researchers often employ quality by design or design by expert techniques for improve method validation. Which make quick review that can help analysts select and validate the optimum analytical procedure. Recent innovations, such as nanotechnology-based sensors and green analytical techniques, are highlighted for their potential to improve detection capacities while also addressing environmental problems. The paper also looks at the limitations of established approaches and potential future paths for innovative analytical tools. This effort intends to help researchers and practitioners choose acceptable methodologies for AVR quantification, supporting improvements in antiviral medication analysis.

Breed management and genomic evaluation rely on understanding population structure and genetic diversity. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity in Rambouillet enrolled in the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) in comparison to other U.S. and international sheep breeds. We considered genotypes of 667 NSIP Rambouillet from a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and 600K SNP genotypes on 64 each of NSIP Rambouillet, Suffolk, and Katahdin sheep. Pedigree analyses were also conducted on the NSIP Rambouillet. International comparisons incorporated 50K SNP data from 9 international breeds. After genomic quality control measures to reduce bias in analyses, the NSIP Rambouillet had the greatest diversity among the 3 NSIP breeds (expected heterozygosity: 0.404; average individual inbreeding: 9.94%). Conversely, the NSIP Rambouillet had the lowest genetic diversity when compared to the international breeds. Based on principal component analyses, NSIP Rambouillet were divergent from the international populations except for evidence of connectivity between the NSIP and European Rambouillet. Population structure within the NSIP Rambouillet, demonstrated by cluster analysis and a significant loss of heterozygosity (FIS) was driven primarily by one flock. Using complete pedigrees of the NSIP population, effective population size, effective number of founders, and average generation interval was 87 to 218, 95, and 3.4 yr, respectively. This pedigree and genomic assessment of genetic diversity provides the basis for genomic selection and monitoring of the NSIP Rambouillet.

Abstract Background Accurate and timely patient results requires efficient quality control (QC) measures. Conventional Bio-Rad Multiqual Assayed (Multiqual) QC materials come in glass vials that necessitate several manual steps prior to analysis. Bio-Rad’s InteliQ Multiqual Assayed (InteliQ) QC is a plastic tube-based material that recently became available. The InteliQ design allows direct analyzer loading straight from the refrigerator. This study investigated if the new tube-based QC could improve technologist time, reduce QC laboratory waste and minimize handling errors. Methods Two levels of conventional Multiqual and InteliQ tube-based QC materials were analyzed in parallel, twice a day on an Abbott Alinity c analyzer for 21 days. Several chemistry analytes (n=23) were selected to compare percent coefficient of variation (CV) and false rejections between the two materials (rejection flags resolved after repeating QC only) (Table). Waste from the two QC formats was collected, including packaging, pipets, sample cups, QC vials, and QC tubes. A time study was conducted over the initial 5 days of the 21-day study to determine the total time and preparation touch points to analyze both materials. Results Conventional Multiqual QC had comparable performance characteristics to the InteliQ QC material. Several analytes (n=3) were noted with CVs greater than 5% with InteliQ compared to 1 analyte for Multiqual. Assays with false rejections were three-fold lower with Multiqual than InteliQ (2 vs 5 assays). Total waste generated from InteliQ (110.5 g) was 67% lower than the conventional material (331.5 g). The time study determined a total time savings of 60% when using the tube-based QC material (1.72 vs 2.85 mins) from initial preparation point to first analysis (8 vs 17 points). Conclusion InteliQ tube-based QC demonstrates similar performance characteristics when comparing to the conventional material with noted false rejection differences. The new material offers improvements in total preparation time and total waste generated.

Given the evolving understanding of genetic risk factors in multiple myeloma (MM), this paper assesses whether next‐generation sequencing (NGS) could complement or even replace fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) at diagnosis. A structured consensus process within European Myeloma Network (EMN) clinical and laboratory groups was conducted to establish recommendations on routine clinical deployment of NGS in MM risk assessment. Four key questions were addressed: (1) should NGS be used in addition to, or alternatively to FISH in identifying prognostic genetic markers, (2) which prognostic markers are most relevant for analysis by NGS, (3) which patients should be offered NGS testing, and (4) what is the optimal timing for performing NGS. The panel reviewed current literature, evaluated available NGS technologies, and compared their performance with that of FISH‐based methodologies. The paper reviews current standard NGS protocols, quality control measures, and provides practical points for the implementation of an NGS diagnosis in MM. While NGS shows promise in improving risk stratification, challenges such as cost, accessibility, and clinical workflow integration must be addressed. The consensus supports the initial incorporation of NGS as a complementary tool to FISH. Recommendations emphasize that: a broader list of genetic events should be incorporated into such a test than what currently requested by risk scores; the test should be offered at least to the fit patients who could be candidates for modern triplet or quadruplet treatments; the test should be repeated at the time relapse, especially in the future when targeted treatments may mandate the use of predictive markers of response. This consensus provides a foundation for future research and policy development, guiding the adoption of NGS in MM risk assessment.

Abstract Issue/problem Primary Health Care (PHC) systems across Europe face increasing challenges due to ageing populations, chronic diseases, and care fragmentation. Strengthening PHC is essential to ensure resilient, equitable, and people-centred systems. The Joint Action on the transfer of best praCtices In pRimary CarE (CIRCE-JA) addresses this by transferring 6 proven PHC best practices (BPs) to 39 pilot sites in 12 EU Member States, aiming to boost capacity for sustainable healthcare transformation. This approach offers practical insights for other settings undertaking similar innovation transfers. Description of the problem During 2024, initially 41 pilot sites developed tailored implementation plans for their selected BPs. These plans were based on a common methodology and adapted to local systems, resources, and stakeholder needs. They outlined key objectives, teams, timelines, barriers, and sustainability strategies. The project examined how complex PHC models can be effectively adapted and implemented across health systems and what factors support successful and sustainable transfer. Results All sites submitted robust implementation plans aligned with project guidelines. These plans showed strong contextual adaptation while preserving core elements of the original BPs. Outputs included defined implementation teams, target groups, evaluation indicators, and sustainability strategies. Transferring activities included 48 webinars, 22 study visits, and 600+ professionals involved among others. Lessons Strong coordination, adaptable methodologies, and collaborative learning are critical for successful transnational implementation. Tailored support from BP owners, quality control measures, and early planning for sustainability were decisive enablers. These experiences highlight how structured implementation planning can bridge the gap between innovation and practice in PHC and are highly relevant for EU health systems seeking to adopt complex care models. Key messages • Structured transferring activities enable effective adaptation of PHC best practices across countries. • CIRCE-JA offers a replicable model for scaling PHC innovations in Europe.

The cabbage maggot (Delia radicum (L.)) is a major pest of brassica vegetables in Canada that has traditionally been managed with soil-applied insecticides. However, recent regulatory restrictions on key products such as chlorpyrifos have created a pressing need for alternative solutions. This study evaluates the sterile insect technique (SIT) as a control method for the cabbage maggot in root crucifers. Large-scale field trials conducted from 2019 to 2022 in Quebec (Canada) demonstrated significant reductions in D. radicum infestations in radish and daikon crops. Quality control measures confirmed the effectiveness of sterilization on cabbage maggot, with minimal impact on male performance. The results suggest that the SIT is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to chemical control for cabbage maggot management. The study further highlights the importance of optimizing release strategies and improving predictive models to guide deployment. Overall, the SIT offers growers a viable option to reduce reliance on insecticides while maintaining crop health and yield.

Repeated measurement of lipoprotein(a): technical versus biological variability.