Concept Of Quality Assurance Research Articles

Reform of Teacher Education and Robert D. Barr the Problem of Quality Assurance

Barr summarizes the growing consen sus for educational reform in America that is shaping the future of teacher edu cation. The author contrasts the reform developments that focus so heavily on academic issues such as degrees, majors, length of programs, grade point aver ages, and test scores, with a number of other developments that focus on teacher performance. These develop ments include "fast-track" programs, school-based teacher education, and the interest in deregulating teacher educa tion by substituting performance out comes for approved programs. More im portant, Barr considers the concept of Quality Assurance in Teacher Education and raises the question of evaluating teacher effectiveness on the basis of stu dent learning.

Quality assurance paradigms for artificial intelligence in modelling and simulation

New classes of quality assurance concepts and techniques are required for the advanced knowledge-processing paradigms (such as artificial intelligence, expert systems, or knowledge-based sys tems) and the complex problems that only simulative systems can cope with. A systematization of quality assurance problems as well as examples are given to traditional and cognizant quality assurance techniques in traditional and cognizant modelling and simulation.

Quality Assurance in Home Laboratory Testing

In review, one is compelled to the notion that a variety of the aforementioned thoughts become pre-eminent in assuring quality. The selection of the tests available for home testing is crucial. They should be divided into categories of single encounter tests and multiple use tests. The single encounter implies a test that has an extremely high degree of reliability and is likely to achieve an answer to the question asked. This should relate to a disease or process for which potential favorable treatment can be achieved or which may have a major favorable impact on public health. In this category one thinks in terms of the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis B and other infectious diseases that are particularly common in third world countries. Yet, these are not "markets" likely to be able to afford this testing. Similarly, these societies are not currently sophisticated in terms of application of preventive measures. On the other hand, major benefits could be projected from the other category of testing, namely, therapeutic monitoring in the hands of individuals who will repetitively test for the same substance in the same manner. This includes not only diabetes but other conditions that are monitored for drug therapy, including seizure disorders and bronchospasm. Inherent in this aspect is the requirement for meaningful and ongoing instruction in proper testing methodology and recording of results. The incorporation of some type of memory device to enforce this aspect of testing appears extremely desirable, if not mandatory. Finally, we must consider the potential for misuse of the single test type of device. One suspects that it would be highly desirable that any test made available for self-testing should also be mandated as accessible through certified laboratories at the request of an individual, which would at least provide reliable performance of the test with a quality result. The development of the concept of quality assurance in home testing is in its infancy and will require continuing evolution.

Report: The History and Evolution of Quality in AT&T

The fundamental concepts and methods of quality control and quality assurance were developed in AT&T. For over 100 years researchers in AT&T Bell Laboratories, managers in AT&T, and engineering and operating personnel in Western Electric (now AT&T Technologies) have developed, applied, and improved methods for inspection, quality control, continuous quality improvement, and quality by design. These methods are used throughout the world today. In the past ten years, there has been a rewakening interest in the fundamental concepts of quality control and quality assurance and an intense effort to apply modern statistical methods to continuously improve quality and productivity. AT&T is still providing strong technical leadership in developing these new methods.

Quality Assurance in the Pesticide Product Laboratory

Abstract Although the overall quality assurance concepts and goals for pesticide formulation analysis are similar to those required of an environmental or trace level analysis laboratory, some important distinctions exist, particularly for quality control. Generally, target levels (label values) are known and pesticide identification can be assumed, thus minimizing the need for verification of pesticide identity and for detailed confirmation of quantitative results reasonably close to the label value. Exceptions are cross-contaminant screening and by-product analysis. Quality control efforts in the formulation laboratory are concentrated on those samples falling outside the established acceptance criteria. The use of official (AOAC/Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC)) methodology, replicate determinations, second analyst confirmation, and alternative methodology (if necessary) is stressed. Specific attention must also be paid to the quality and preparation of analytical reference standards.

Quality assurance for fiber‐reinforced composites

AbstractTo ensure the growing use of high‐performance composites such as carbon‐fiber‐reinforced plastics (CFRP), the quality properties of these materials must be guaranteed. This goal can be reached through a quality assurance concept which still has to be developed. The individual steps of such a development are indicated. Flaws occuring in fiber‐rein‐forced composites are discussed, taking into consideration the manufacturing process, and the nondestructive and slightly destructive test methods suitable for flaw selected flaws are given as examples.

Quality Assurance and Prepaid Programs

This article presents the concepts of quality assurance and the various mechanisms that are employed in quality assurance systems. The implications for quality assurance are discussed in relation to the major types of prepaid programs. Capitation dental plans have certain opportunities to engage in quality assurance, whereas indemnity plans face a more complex set of constraints. Each type of plan faces different problems and requirements, and each needs to design quality assurance systems that address their concerns.

Quality assurance in the emergency department

A coordinated approach to quality assurance is essential for managing the complexities of health care in the emergency department. Nearly every activity in the emergency care setting has implications that fall under the quality assurance umbrella. A comprehensive quality assurance program for the emergency department at Michael Reese Hospital was built through a process of defining, further developing, and coordinating existing quality assurance activities. Several new activities were developed to fill identified gaps. The program follows traditional quality assurance concepts for monitoring structure, process, and outcome elements of emergency care. Key principles that are the foundation of the program include active participation by all staff levels (clinical and nonclinical), standardized documentation, and specifically defined review mechanisms.

SEED CERTIFICATION - AN ASPECT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WHITE CLOVER SEED

Seed certification is discussed in relation to the concept of industry quality assurance. The present derivation of product specifications and consumer preferences is described. Procedures are outlined for making improvements to the quality assurance system. Keywords: White Clover, quality assurance, OECD, certification, consumer preference, product specifications, consumer protection, Plants Act 1970, acceptable list, recommended list.

Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture 1984. Quality assurance--reflections on the wave.

This paper provides an overview of the evolution of quality assurance within the health care industry, with emphasis on the development of occupational therapy expertise. The current concept of quality assurance, focussed on ongoing monitoring and resolution of patient care problems, is discussed. The results of a national survey are presented, relating to the development of occupational therapy, quality assurance programs in the areas of: expertise in component activities, integration of facility and department programs, use of available resources, and extent of academic teaching. Predicted health care trends and their implications to occupational therapy are presented.

Quality care assessment and assurance

From its beginnings in 1955, the American College of Nurse-Midwives has supported the concept of Quality Care Assessment and Assurance (QCAA) and charged its members with responsibility to involve themselves in such activities within their practice. Six tools are reviewed that represent a sound basis for the development of QCAA programs within nurse-midwifery practice, the ultimate goal being the provision of optimal health care to women and the childbearing family.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Hospital-Wide QA Programs

Summary Implementation of a hospital-wide Quality Assurance (QA) program to comply with the new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) requirements was studied at hospitals in central and southern Illinois. A telephone interview was conducted with the person responsible for administration of the QA plan at 65 acute care hospitals. One objective of the study was to survey the perceptions of the QA Managers/Coordinators concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the hospital-wide QA program effort. “Improved communication” was the most frequently reported strength in the QA program; the most frequently reported weakness was “a need for more hospital-wide orientation to the new QA concept.”

ChemInform Abstract: FOOD PRESERVATION: AN EXAMPLE OF THE APPLICATION OF NEGATIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY

The processing of foods to ensure the availability for the consumer of a wide variety of safe stable products provides a good example of the application of ‘negative biotechnology’. The objectives are to optimise the use of food resources by reduction or elimination of spoilage and waste, control food-borne health problems and develop ‘new’ food products. Our work describes the way in which technology is applied to control of biological, chemical and physical changes in foods. Examples are given to illustrate the implications for product shelf-life of the various process operations including inter alia, thermal and irradiation treatments, restriction of available water, use of chemical preservatives and the choice of packaging systems. Special emphasis is placed on the need to optimise quality and safety by the proper application of kinetic data for the various process operations. The concepts of quality assurance, ‘in-line’ process control and the use of microprocessor technology in the control of critical processes is considered. The work concludes with a look at the future requirements of the food processing industry in relation to developments in ‘negative’ biotechnology.

Food preservation: An example of the application of negative biotechnology

AbstractThe processing of foods to ensure the availability for the consumer of a wide variety of safe stable products provides a good example of the application of ‘negative biotechnology’. The objectives are to optimise the use of food resources by reduction or elimination of spoilage and waste, control food‐borne health problems and develop ‘new’ food products. Our work describes the way in which technology is applied to control of biological, chemical and physical changes in foods. Examples are given to illustrate the implications for product shelf‐life of the various process operations including inter alia, thermal and irradiation treatments, restriction of available water, use of chemical preservatives and the choice of packaging systems. Special emphasis is placed on the need to optimise quality and safety by the proper application of kinetic data for the various process operations. The concepts of quality assurance, ‘in‐line’ process control and the use of microprocessor technology in the control of critical processes is considered. The work concludes with a look at the future requirements of the food processing industry in relation to developments in ‘negative’ biotechnology.

The concept of quality assurance in aquatic environmental studies

(1981). The concept of quality assurance in aquatic environmental studies. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 787-790.

Utilization of quality concepts in educational evaluation.

Utilization of quality concepts in educational evaluation.

A cost analysis method of establishing training criteria.

A significant problem encountered in designing operator training programmes is the lack of a method for establishing appropriate training criteria (final performance levels). This paper presents such a method which has been derived on the basis of integrating three relatively distinct technical areas: (1) learning curve modelling, (2) quality assurance concepts, and (3) economic analysis. The information requirements for making training decisions are discussed and sources of that information are proposed. The end result of applying the method is a quantifiable measure of the cost effectiveness of a training programme.

Actuaciones para mejorar la seguridad y calidad de los edificios

After discussing the most recent statistic on construction failures and proving that such failures occur in inverse proportion to the level of supervision applied during the various stages of the construction process, the article enters into the subjects of production control and receiving control, analyzing the evolution of both concepts in recent times. The design, materials selection, construction and maintenance stages are individually studied with indication of the weak points currently recognized in each stage. The article ends with the presentation of the modern quality assurance concept and describing the changes that can be expected in the future as the result of the new ideas in the way buildings are conceived and designed.

Quality assurance for hospital pharmacy. Part I: Basic concepts

The basic concepts of quality assurance are discussed as they apply to hospital pharmacy practice. The terms norm, criteria, standard, structure assessment,process assessment, and outcome assement are defined. The interrelationships among the following five steps in the quality assurance cycle are reviewed: definition of quality, quality assessment, education and change, redefinition of quality, and reassessment of quality. Finally, the importance of research in the quality assurance process is discussed.

A Framework For The Teaching Of Software Quality Assurance At The Undergraduate Level

As the discipline of software engineering matures, there is an increasing emphasis on software quality assurance. Naturally, this trend has to be reflected in the way software engineering is taught, especially in tertiary institutions. The Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001 to the development, supply and maintenance of Software, released by the international Standard Organisation in 1991, provides a timely source of reference on this important issue for computer science educators. This paper examines the significance of the ISO standards with regard to software. Based on the ISO 9000 recommendations, a framework for teaching software quality assurance concepts and techniques is presented. The incorporation of the framework into an existing undergraduate computing programme at the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong is then discussed. The paper concludes with some observations regarding the future enhancements of the curriculum.