Assessment Of Groundwater Quality Research Articles

Groundwater quality assessment for drinking, irrigation purposes and fuzzy logic-based water quality index for industrial suitability in Walajapet taluk, Ranipet district, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Ranipet district in Tamil Nadu is one of the major industrial zones in India. Groundwater has been extensively used in this region for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. For finding the groundwater quality, representative samples have been collected in the premonsoon (PRM) and postmonsoon (POM) seasons of 2023 and analysed for major physicochemical parameters. The drinking suitability was analysed based on drinking water quality index, and it showed that 68.52 and 70.37% of samples from the PRM and POM seasons are classified as poor groundwater for drinking. The groundwater's suitability for irrigation was analysed based on various irrigation quality indices, and it highlighted that most of the groundwater was suitable for agriculture. Industrial suitability was determined by several industrial quality indices. Due to the simultaneous application of several indices, a sample is categorised into many water quality groups, introducing bias into handling and decision-making. The Mamdani fuzzy inference system creates a unique integrated industrial water quality index to address this issue. The index revealed that only 24.07 and 9.26% of samples from the PRM and POM seasons, respectively, were free of corrosion or scaling, while the remaining samples were inappropriate for industrial use.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Hubballi City, Karnataka, India by Using Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index, Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index and Geospatial Techniques

Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Hubballi City, Karnataka, India by Using Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index, Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index and Geospatial Techniques

Groundwater Quality Assessment: A Case of Urban Population Demography and Nutrient Enrichment in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Groundwater Quality Assessment: A Case of Urban Population Demography and Nutrient Enrichment in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for irrigation purpose using irrigation indices, remote sensing and GIS approach

Assessing both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of groundwater is essential for evaluating its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose. Consequently, this current study showcases its importance by determining groundwater quality in Sundargarh district of, India, where groundwater serves as vital water resources. 360 groundwater samples were collected from various dug wells during pre-monsoon season of 2014–21 and analyzed for major ions, some important irrigation water quality indices along with pH, EC and TDS. Statistical evaluation of groundwater quality parameters was performed by physiochemical analysis with association of ArcGIS 10.4 for developing the spatial mapping. Furthermore, statistical and hydrochemical analysis was executed by exhibiting box plot generation, correlation study and hierarchical cluster analysis followed by categorization of water facies in , 1920; CGWB, 2013; Gad and Hattab, 2019’ has/have not been found in the reference list. Please add the corresponding reference(s) to the reference list.>Xlstat 2023, SPSS 23 and Diagrammes 6.1. Groundwater is mostly characterized as Na+-SO42- and deep meteoric percolation (DMP) type based on Base Exchange Indices with the dominance of Ca2+ and HCO3− as the major cation and anion respectively. Besides that, groundwater from 92%, 96%, 84%, 100%, 99%, 98%, 57%, 64%, 100%, 77%, 98% and 89% dug wells are found to be highly suitable for cultivation of major crops of this district depending on spatial variation of EC, TDS. Cl−, SAR, RSC, KR, PI, %Na, ESP, MAR, SSP and PS respectively. Groundwater facies are mostly categorized as Ca–HCO3 (60.8%) and C2–S1 (65.5%) type based on Piper and Wilcox diagram respectively. The dominant geochemical controlling factors are evaporation, reverse ion exchange and silicate weathering. Therefore, the objectives of this present research may provide necessary information to the regulatory boards and policy makers for efficient monitoring of groundwater quality and contaminated aquifers in Sundargarh district to make fit this crucial water resources for agricultural purpose.

Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in Panteka Market Tudun Nupawa, Kaduna, Nigeria

Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in Panteka Market Tudun Nupawa, Kaduna, Nigeria

Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Different Districts in Odisha for Agricultural and Drinking Purposes

Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Different Districts in Odisha for Agricultural and Drinking Purposes

Investigation of Heavy Metal Composition and Associated Health Risks from Selected Groundwater Wells in Temeke, Dar-es-Salaam

Water quality continues to be the challenge to residents in Dar es Salaam due to various anthropogenic activities in the city. This study was conducted to assess groundwater quality by determining concentrations of heavy metals. Both probability and Nonprobability sampling techniques were used to collect samples from 40 groundwater wells in 24 wards of Temeke municipal and analysed using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (Agilent 4210 MP-AES) at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the University of Dar es Salaam. Results indicated varying heavy metal concentrations ranging from 0.71 ± 0.08 to 6.64 ± 0.21 mg/l for As, 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/l for Co and 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/l for Pb. The As, Co and Pb concentrations exceeded (P < 0.05) the recommended TBS standards of 0.05 mg/l, 0.003 mg/l and 0.01 mg/l respectively. Other concentrations ranged from 0.01 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.01 mg/l for Cu, 0.02 ± 0.01 to 3.55 ± 0.02 mg/l for Fe, 0.00 ± 0.00 to 4.63 ± 0.03 mg/l for Mn and 0.01 ± 0.01 to 3.00 ± 0.01 mg/l for Zn. The Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations were below (P > 0.05) the allowable TBS limits of 0.05 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l and 3 mg/l respectively. Health risk analysis revealed potential adverse health effects from long term consumption of As, Mn and Pb with Hazard Quotient exceeding 1 (HQ > 1). The Hazard Index (HI) for all groundwater samples was also above 1 (HI > 1) indicating a higher likelihood of adverse health effects. The study concluded that groundwater wells in Temeke Municipal are affected through natural and anthropogenic activities leading to high levels of heavy metal concentrations. Also, this study provides valuable information on risk associated by continued usage of groundwater in Temeke region and hence informs respective stakeholders on groundwater quality and potential risks thereby emphasizing the need for remedial measures and stricter regulations to safeguard public health. The study recommends the need for regular groundwater quality and safety monitoring to assess the levels of heavy metals concentrations and implement sustainable groundwater management strategies to address the increasing water demand in Temeke municipal, Dar es Salaam.

Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in the Prayagraj District, Ganga Basin.

Urbanization has severely impacted the world water resources especially the shallow groundwater systems. There is a need of a robust method for quantifying the water quality degradation, which is still a challenge for most of the urban centers across the world. In this study, a highly urbanized region of Ganga basin is selected to critically evaluate commonly used WQIs and compare with fuzzy modeling. A total of 28 water samples were collected from diverse sources (surface and groundwaters) in the vicinity of urban region covering an area of 216 km2 during the premonsoon period. TDS, TH, NO3-, and F- values were found to be above the permissible limits in 57%, 89%, 4%, and 7% samples, respectively. The WQIs (entropy and integrated) outputs were found to be similar with 89% of the samples falling under moderate category. Fuzzy modeling was carried out allowing user-defined weighting factors for the most influential ions, and the output suggested 96% of the samples falling under moderate to excellent categories. Based on the chemical results and considering the lithology of the study area, the geochemical reactions controlling the water quality were deduced. This study outlines a systematic approach of evaluating the overall water quality of an urban region highlighting the merits and limitations ofWQIs. It also justifies the immediate need to generate more robust data to achieve the sustainable development goals 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 11 (sustainability of cities and human settlement).

Assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index, multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning techniques in the vicinity of an open dumping yard

Assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index, multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning techniques in the vicinity of an open dumping yard

Groundwater quality assessment using machine learning models: a comprehensive study on the industrial corridor of a semi-arid region.

Water plays a significant role in sustaining the lives of humans and other living organisms. Groundwater quality analysis has become inevitable, because of increased contamination of water resources and global warming. This study used machine learning (ML) models to predict the water quality index (WQI) and water quality classification (WQC). Forty groundwater samples were collected near the Ranipet industrial corridor, and the hydrogeochemistry and heavy metal contamination were analyzed. WQC prediction employed random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), decision tree (DT), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) models, and WQI prediction used extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector regressor (SVR), RF, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models. The grid search method is used to evaluate the ML model by F1 score, accuracy, recall, precision, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) for WQC and the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and median absolute percentage error (MAPE) for WQI. The WQI results indicate that the groundwater quality of the study area is very poor and unsuitable for drinking or irrigation purposes. The performance metrics of the RF model excelled in predicting both WQC (accuracy = 97%) and WQI (R2 = 91.0%), outperforming other models and emphasizing ML's superiority in groundwater quality assessment. The findings suggest that ML models perform well and yield better accuracy than conventional techniques used in groundwater quality assessment studies.

Water Quality Assessment in an Area Degraded by Urban Solid Waste in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACTIn most Brazilian municipalities, urban solid waste (USW) is disposed of in open dumps, with numerous sites now being closed, monitored, and rehabilitated. One location, the “old dump” area in the Portão municipality (southern Brazil), previously served as an irregular repository for USW and industrial solid waste (ISW). Its use continued until 1993 when it was closed for a natural remediation process. For this reason, this study aimed to assess groundwater quality in the Portão “old dump,” employing physicochemical, microbiological, and toxicity quality indicators. The study's scope was extended to encompass the Portão Stream as well. Notably, the second collection campaign revealed elevated dissolved aluminum (Al3+), iron (Fe2+), and nitrate levels in all groundwater samples (from PZi wells, i = 1–6), with the PZ3 monitoring well experiencing the most pronounced impact. Further quality indicators, such as total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms, BOD5, as well as Al3+ and copper (Cu2+) levels in the second water collection campaign from Portão Stream, were classified as Class 4, suggesting that the water is suitable only for navigation and aesthetic purposes. Conductivity analysis identified Portão Stream as another impacted area. Moreover, during the second collection campaign, the study uncovered an escalation in micronuclei (MN) frequency and chromosomal alterations in PZ5. Downstream water samples from Portão Stream exhibited similarly heightened MN levels. This study's investigation into water quality is a concrete example of the implications of improper USW management. These findings underscore the pressing need for effective waste management strategies to mitigate environmental degradation and protect public health.

Hydrogeological assessment of groundwater potential and quality in Jabung village and its surroundings, Jabung sub-district, Malang regency

Abstract Jabung Village is located in Jabung Sub-District, Malang Regency, East Java. The groundwater potential of this area varies, there are areas with good groundwater potential (Krajan and Boro Kidul), but others have poor groundwater potential. In addition, an existing Integrated Waste Management Shelter (IWMS) has the potential to pollute groundwater. The purpose of this research is to analyze the controlling factors for differences in groundwater potential and to conduct mitigation of groundwater pollution due to IWMS. The collection of groundwater data, including groundwater levels and quality (TDS, pH, and temperature), was carried out at 49 points. Geological data were collected at 29 points, then analyzed and presented on a geological map. The groundwater flows from northeast to southwest. Based on the groundwater flow patterns, areas with good groundwater potential are in the discharge zone, while other sites that have poor groundwater potential are in the recharge and transition zone. The groundwater quality measured is as follows TDS values are <400 mg/L, the temperature is 24.5 to 27.7 °C, and the pH ranges from 5.95 to 7.67. The study area is composed of andesite lava, lapilli tuff, coarse tuff, and fine tuff. Differences in groundwater potential are thought to occur significantly due to groundwater flow patterns. Furthermore, it is necessary to periodically monitor groundwater quality, especially in the outflow zone of IWMS.

Hydrogeochemical assessment and spatial analysis of groundwater quality parameters in North West of Morocco

Global warming, population growth, agricultural intensification, and rising industrial productivity have affected groundwater quality. However, assessing groundwater quality enables us to understand the risk of contamination better and protect these natural resources in the long term. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of groundwater for human drinking purposes in North West of Morocco and to identify their geogenic and/or non-geogenic origins through the use of graphical diagrams (Piper and Schoeller Berkaloff) and by GIS interpolation tools to recognize the main geochemical processes governing groundwater quality.For this purpose, the physico-chemical parametrs analyzed of groundwater in the Bouregreg basin and the southern part of the Sebou basin, using 51 water points in the study region’s rural area. Specific physicochemical water parameters (pH, TH, TAC, and electrical conductivity), cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and anions (Cl-, NO3–, HCO3– and SO42-) were measured and analyzed for human consumption. Piper diagrams and ArcGIS geoprocessing were used to identify groundwater hydrochemical facies and study the spatial distribution of estimated parameters concerning geology and anthropogenic factors.All the parameters measured were below the threshold values required by the WHO for human drinking water, except nitrates, recorded in one sample at a concentration of 88.75 mg/L. Piper and Schoeller Berkaloff diagrams show that strong acid (Cl-) and weak acid (HCO3–) appear considerably over the other acids (NO3– and SO42-). In contrast, most sources show no cation dominance. The Calcium and magnesium chloride facies (43 %) and Calcium-magnesium bicarbonate facies (35 %) are the most facies presnent in this stydy. Geoprocessing showed that the chemical composition of the various sampling points is governed mainly by lithological diversity, except for S35, which showed an anthropogenic origin.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality around a Cement Factory in Ewekoro, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria

Assessment of Groundwater Quality around a Cement Factory in Ewekoro, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria

An Imputation Method for Simulating 3D Well Screen Locations from Limited Regional Well Log Data.

In groundwater modeling studies, accurate spatial and intensity identification of water sources and sinks is of critical importance. Precise construction data about wells (water sinks) are particularly difficult to obtain. The collection of well log data is expensive and laborious, and government records of historic well log data are often imprecise and incomplete with respect to the precise location or pumping rate. In many groundwater modeling studies, such as groundwater quality assessments, a precise representation of the horizontal and vertical distribution of well screens is required to accurately estimate contaminant breakthrough curves. The number of wells under consideration may be very large, for example, in the assessment of nonpoint source pollution. In this paper, we propose an imputation framework that allows for proper reconstruction of missing well data. Our approach exploits available information and tolerates data gaps and imprecisions. We demonstrate the value of this method for a subregion of the Central Valley aquifer (California, USA). We show that our framework imputes missing values that preserve statistical properties of available data and that remain consistent with the known spatial distribution of well screens and pumping rates in the three-dimensional aquifer system.

Numerical Verification of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation Around the Subsurface Dam Area of Miyako Island, Japan

The sustainable management of water resources is essential for agricultural productivity, especially in areas with scarce water availability. This study focused on assessing groundwater quality for irrigation near the subsurface dam area of Miyako Island, Japan. Water samples from three observation points were tested for various parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), permeability index (PI), Kelley's ratio (KR), and magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR). EC values ranged from 270 to 800 µS/cm, suggesting water quality ranging from doubtful to good. SAR values between 0.23 and 1.49 suggested excellent quality. SSP ranged from 7.90% to 31.71%, mostly indicating good to excellent quality. RSBC values fluctuated between -1.57 to 1.45 epm, largely within safe limits. PI values varied from 40.34 to 75.83, indicating good permeability. Total hardness (TH) ranged from 105.50 to 326.45 ppm, classifying the water as hard to very hard. MAR values were below 50, suggesting potential soil issues. A numerical model confirmed observed Ca²⁺ concentrations, showing an increasing trend due to enhanced CO₂ emissions and lower pH. The data analysis revealed strong positive relationships between SSP and KR (r = 0.984), SAR and SSP (r = 0.951), and SAR and KR (r = 0.960). Despite generally acceptable values, continuous monitoring is recommended, especially for hardness, to ensure sustainable crop production. This study underscores the need for regular assessment and management of groundwater quality in subsurface dam areas to mitigate potential adverse effects on soil and agricultural productivity.

Groundwater Quality Assessment with Respect to Heavy Metal Content by using Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) of Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), is a rating method to assess the water quality and to categorize the groundwater pollution with respect to heavy metals content. The aims of the present study are to look over the current status of heavy metals pollution in and around Moradabad city. Heavy metal pollution in water has gained universal consciousness due to its tenacity, accumulation in the food chain and negative effects on ecological as well as human health. Its variation in concentration can cause deterioration of water. The study focuses on examining the content of heavy metal (Zn, Fe, Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr) in the 30 water samples from the surrounding areas of Moradabad city. The concentrations of Cd, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr in water samples were recorded in the pre- and post-monsoon season of 2017. The examined samples reveal that the contamination level of heavy metal is in the following sequence Ni>Fe>Pb>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Mn in premonsoon 2017, whereas in postmonsoon season, heavy metals values are shown as Fe>Pb>Ni>Mn>Cr> Cu>Zn>Cd. The HPI average value in pre-monsoon 2017 is 13.07, which recommended that the groundwater quality is good. While in post-monsoon season HPI average values has been 159.26 suggesting that the water quality is poor to inferior. The correlation matrix has been evaluated and shows a positive correlation with the elements. The immense production of industrial solid waste in Moradabad city and its improper disposal in the form of heap piled outside the city area generates leachate. Heavy metal leaching from these disposal points may contaminate the groundwater as well as surface water resources. The study shows that heavy metal concentration has a noticeable rise in water due to different anthropogenic and various natural sources of contamination.

Evaluation of River and Groundwater Quality in the Mzimvubu to Tsitsikamma Water Management Area (WMA7)

This paper assessed and evaluated the river and groundwater quality of five major catchments in the Mzimvubu to Tsitsikamma Water Management Area (WMA7). The river assessment and evaluation considered the present state maximum, minimum and mean seasonal values of physiochemical parameters (EC, NO3 + NO2, Cl, pH, NH4-N, PO4-P and Mg). The study was able to successfully make use of statistical analysis and a water quality index in order to explain seven-year trends and the present state of all five catchments within the study area. The statistical analysis results showed that water quality parameters such as PO4, NH4 and NO3 + NO2 were not complying with the South African Water Quality Guidelines (SAWQG) limits, suggesting that the study area was impacted by anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, sewage works, etc. The application of WQI showed that the Gamtoos catchment was in a good water quality state (49.71) while the other four catchments were in a poor to very poor state, according to the WQI classification. Based on the groundwater quality assessment, the physicochemical parameters (NH4, EC, Ca, NO3 + NO2, pH, Na, Cl, Mg, F, K, SO4 and CaCO3) were selected and the main parameters of concern were EC (salinity), NO3 + NO2 and SO4. However, groundwater assessment revealed that groundwater quality was chemically suitable for drinking purposes in most parts of the study area. Therefore, the study recommended resource-directed measures to improve surface and groundwater resource protection, especially in areas where surface and groundwater quality for other uses remains a challenge. Further, strong water resource compliance monitoring and enforcement to control water resource pollution sources is critical.

Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes of a Subtropical Wetland in South West Coast of India

Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes of a Subtropical Wetland in South West Coast of India

Groundwater quality and health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in Al Qaseem area, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Groundwater serves as the lifeline in arid regions, where aquifer overuse and climatic factors can substantially degrade its quality, posing significant challenges. The current study examines the drinking water quality in the Al Qaseem area and assesses the potential health risks from nitrate ( NO 3 − {\text{NO}}_{3}^{-} ) and fluoride (F−) exposure to infants, children, and adults. This evaluation employs parameters such as the daily water intake, hazard quotient, and non-carcinogenic hazard index. Groundwater samples from 38 wells and boreholes were analyzed for major cations and anions. The water quality index and multivariate tools were utilized. The average concentrations of SO 4 2 − {\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-} , Cl–, Ca+, Na+, Mg2+, and K+ exceeded acceptable limits. Among the 38 samples, 8 were unsuitable for drinking, with 5 categorized as very poor quality, 10 as poor, 14 as good, and 1 as excellent. Nitrate levels ranged from 1.30 to 108.00 mg/L, with a mean of 36.56 mg/L. Three wells exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (50.00 mg/L). Fluoride ranged from 0.10 to 0.98 mg/L, with a mean of 0.71 mg/L and none surpassing WHO recommendations (1.5 mg/L). The HI values for adults, children, and infants were 0.993, 2.606, and 2.78, respectively. About 57.89% of the water samples exceeded the safety level of 1 for adults and 94.73% for both children and infants. Thus, the groundwater in the study area may pose non-carcinogenic health risks to infants, children, and adults when used as drinking water.