Assessment Of Groundwater Quality Research Articles

Hydrochemical characterizations and groundwater quality assessment in the coastal region of the Jiaodong peninsula, North China

Groundwater resources constitute a primary water source in the coastal region of Jiaodong Peninsula (CRJP), serving as an essential foundation for socio-economic development and municipal water supply. This study sought to evaluate the hydrogeochemical properties of the CRJP's groundwater using 73 samples collected in 2017, comprehensively analyzing the chemical composition and environmental factors using mathematical statistics and hydrochemical techniques. The results demonstrate that groundwater in the CRJP possesses TDS values ranging from 262 to 28,160 mg/L, with a pH ranging between 6.4 and 8.5, characterizing a weakly alkaline water system. The cation order in groundwater is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while the anionic sequence comprises Cl− > HCO3− > SO42− > NO3−. According to the Piper diagram, groundwater samples predominantly clustered into SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Na types. Additionally, significant spatial variations exist in the primary chemical components of groundwater. Hydrogeochemical characteristics within the region are influenced both by natural and human activities; natural elements include weathering of silicate rocks, gypsum and carbonate minerals dissolution, while human practices comprise industrial and mining activities, agricultural practices, and domestic waste discharge. The results from a health risk assessment show that non-carcinogenic risks posed by nitrate intake via drinking water are considerably high for infants in comparison to adults, teenagers, and children. Furthermore, certain regions within the CRJP show notable seawater intrusion effects on groundwater studied.

Hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality in Ngoua watershed (Douala-Cameroon): Implication for domestic purposes

Groundwater has been used for many purposes like domestic, agriculture, and industrialization in many regions of the world. Assessing groundwater quality and identifying pollutant risks are essential for managing groundwater resources. Ngoua watershed is located in sedimentary coastal zone of Douala. Groundwater is the major source of water for domestic purposes. Thus, the objective of this work is to assess groundwater chemistry and identify hydrochemical processes affecting groundwater quality of Ngoua catchment and its implication for domestic use. 30 groundwater samples were collected (23 wells, 4 springs and 3 boreholes) and physical-chemical parameters were analysed (T°, pH, TDS, EC), cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+; Mg2+ NH4+) and anions (Cl−, HCO3−, SO42− NO3−, PO43−, and F−) and calculation of groundwater quality index (WQI). The pH indicates that the groundwater in the study area is acidic to neutral. The temperature is similar to the ambient temperature of the study area (27 °C). The EC and TDS of the study area are average and the water are moderately mineralized. The order of mean abundance of the cation concentrations is as follows Ca2+˃Na+˃ Mg2+˃K+˃NH4+and the order of increasing classification of the anions is as follows NO3−˃Cl−˃SO42- ˃HCO3−˃PO43−˃F−The distribution of chemical facies of groundwater in the study area is as follows: 63.33 % Ca-HCO3, 23.33 % Ca-Mg-Cl and finally 13.33 % Na-Cl. The factors controlling groundwater chemistry are rock-water interaction, cation exchange, dissolution and anthropogenic activities may affect groundwater chemistry. Water Quality Index on this study varies between 2.12 and 187.21 with average of 29.67 and the majority of groundwater in the study area is acceptable in quality and can be used for domestic purposes such as drinking and irrigation. Nitrate and sulfate are the main contaminants of groundwater in the area. However, the high concentrations of NO3− in groundwater suggests than human activities (industrial and domestic activities) is intense and responsible factors for groundwater pollution in study area. Results of this study indicate importance of preventive measures to control groundwater contamination in Ngoua watershed.

Groundwater Quality and Suitability Assessment for Irrigation Using Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Pollution Indices: A Case Study of North Al-Quwayiyah Governorate, Central Saudi Arabia

The present work focuses on a comprehensive hydrochemical assessment of groundwater within a shallow aquifer located in the central region of Saudi Arabia. This aquifer serves as the principal source of groundwater supply for agricultural irrigation purposes. A total of twelve groundwater samples were systematically collected and subjected to thorough analysis to determine various physicochemical parameters. These parameters encompassed electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), as well as concentrations of major ions. Analysis of major ion analysis was employed to elucidate the chemical attributes of groundwater within the research area. This approach facilitated an understanding of the geochemical evolution and the potential suitability of the groundwater for agriculture irrigation. The recorded range of electrical conductivity (EC) for the groundwater in this region falls between 3283 and 11,000 µS/cm, with an average value of 6709.4 µS/cm. The pH levels of the groundwater exhibited a slightly alkaline nature, ranging from 7.8 to 8.6. All sampled wells exhibited brackish water conditions (TDS > 1000 mg/L) based on TDS concentrations. The findings of this investigation demonstrated that the average ion concentration followed the order: Na+ > Ca+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > NO32−. Applying Piper’s classification system, the groundwater samples were classified into two predominant categories: Ca-Cl and mix-Ca-Mg-Cl. The predominance of Ca2+ and Mg2+ over alkalis indicated mixed groundwater facies influenced by processes of reverse ion exchange and extensive interactions between water and rock formations. The distinct chemical characteristics of the groundwater were attributed to a combination of factors, including the percolation of irrigation-returned water, chemical transformations within the vadose zone, and extensive interactions with subsurface lithology. Despite major ion concentrations surpassing the permissible limits outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water, the assessment of quality indices was conducted to ascertain the suitability of the groundwater for irrigation purposes. These quality indices encompassed the permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly’s ratio (KR), sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percentage (Na%), and magnesium ratio (MR). A meticulous evaluation of groundwater quality for agricultural utilization indicated that all sampled groundwater sources were deemed suitable for irrigation purposes.

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

The Palm Grove ecosystems situated in the southeastern region of Morocco are highly vulnerable to compromise, encountering significant challenges due to insufficient precipitation and limited availability of groundwater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the groundwater quality of the Tinejdad-Touroug aquifer for domestic and irrigation purposes. Groundwater flows from southwest to northeast mostly in Quaternary conglomerate-lacustrine facies in the Rheris basin. The results show that the domination of the major ions is in the following order: Cl−>HCO3−>SO42−>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>NO3−>K+>NO2−>NH4+. Piper diagram showed the predominance of a single mixed chemical facies Cl-SO4-Ca-Mg, as well as the presence of exceptions of some samples that showed other facies variations. The water quality index (WQI) assessments of the campaigns that were examined demonstrate that the recorded percentages of poor quality water ranged from 40% to 90% while the percentages of good quality water varied from 7.7% to 54.5%. The remaining samples reveal different classes with varying percentages. Most of the sites in all campaigns had drinking water parameters that exceeded the values established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Moroccan standards. Nevertheless, the parameters of Temperature, pH, TH, DO, Ca2+, SO42−, K+, NH4+, and bacteriological parameters were within the required limits. The results of the assessment based on electrical conductivity suggest a significant increase in salinity levels, with an average of 2744.75 µS/cm in 2000, 3248.58 µS/cm in 2007, and 2957.84 µS/cm in 2021. The findings of the study reveal a positive assessment regarding the quality of the water samples examined during the eight sampling campaigns, as indicated by the PI and KR indices. However, additional investigation of the SAR, Na%, and MH indices revealed that three water samples acquired from separate surveys are not appropriate for irrigation purposes, showing that groundwater must be controlled until it can be properly used. The outcomes accentuate the necessity of consistent monitoring and evaluation of water quality parameters to establish the safe and sustainable exploitation of water resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. Elevated salinity levels in Quaternary aquifers resulting from natural mechanisms such as increased rates of evaporation and geological factors may have contributed to the degradation of groundwater quality.

Evaluation of groundwater quality and health risk assessment in southeastern Tibet, China

Evaluation of groundwater quality and health risk assessment in southeastern Tibet, China

Geochemical evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in arid and semiarid regions: The case of Zeuss-Koutine and a part of Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifers (SE Tunisia)

Water scarcity is a significant issue in the southeastern region of Tunisia, where the sole source of water is from overexploited, salinized, and contaminated aquifers. Despite considerable advancements in studying groundwater hydrochemistry in the study area, Jeffara plain, further investigation is crucial to comprehensively assess groundwater quality in greater depth. The present study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Zeuss-Koutine (ZK) and a part of Mio-Plio-Quaternary (MPQ) groundwater of the Jeffara plain to identify groundwater quality and assess its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes, as it serves as a vital water source for various sectors. Groundwater samples were collected from 43 exploitation wells and analyzed for temperature, pH, conductivity, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+), major anions (Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−), F−, trace elements and NH4+. The findings revealed that the groundwater hydrochemical type in the ZK aquifer is dominated by Na–Ca/SO4–Cl, while the MPQ samples fall under the Na–Ca–Mg/SO4–Cl category. Most of samples show too high concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42− and Fluoride. The studied groundwaters are highly affected by gypsum dissolution. The WQI indicate that 86% of samples have poor and very poor water quality and 14% are unsuitable for drinking. These findings are further supported by the TH measurements, which classify all water samples as very hard and unsuitable for drinking purposes. Irrigation water quality index indicate that samples fall in severe and high restriction, so, careful attention should be given to the high sodium and salinity content when used in intensive irrigation. The combination of water quality indices and GIS tools is performed to raise awareness among decision makers about groundwater availability and quality in the study area. Additionally, the need to develop strategies for the treatment and preservation of these valuable resources.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality by Heavy Metal Pollution Index in Ijare Rural Community and Alagbaka Urban Area in Ondo State, Nigeria

Assessment of Groundwater Quality by Heavy Metal Pollution Index in Ijare Rural Community and Alagbaka Urban Area in Ondo State, Nigeria

Assessing groundwater quality: a case study in Ghana Talensi district

Abstract Because most life processes are directly or indirectly related to water, people are investigating on the various sources of drinking water supply. Surface water and groundwater are the most common sources of water for domestic and other uses. The availability of safe and sufficient drinking water in developing countries’ rural and many urban areas is critical. Groundwater has become the primary source of drinking water supply in northern Ghana, particularly in rural areas. Tongo, in northern Ghana, is entirely dependent on groundwater for its drinking water supply. The quality of groundwater from 15 boreholes and open well samples was assessed in this study. The primary goals of the research are to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking and to determine the distribution of major ions in groundwater and the factors that control them. Groundwater physicochemical parameters were within the WHO guidelines limit. However, coliform bacteria were found in some groundwater sources. Anthropogenic, natural, and ion exchange processes were also identified as controlling groundwater major ion distribution. Insanitary conditions were identified as potential sources of contamination during field observations. As a result, the regular monitoring of groundwater resources could reveal more about the area's groundwater quality status.

Groundwater Quality, Hydrogeochemical Characteristics, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in the Bhubaneswar City of Eastern India

Groundwater Quality, Hydrogeochemical Characteristics, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in the Bhubaneswar City of Eastern India

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Different uses at the Kharab Bazar Village in Al-Baaj District of Nineveh Governorate

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Different uses at the Kharab Bazar Village in Al-Baaj District of Nineveh Governorate

A synoptic assessment of groundwater quality in high water-demand regions of coastal Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract In this article, a coastal region of India having high water demand for irrigation supply was studied for its groundwater quality in temporal and spatial domains. The statistical tests (Shapiro–Wilk W and Anderson–Darling A) of the chemical data of over 100 groundwater samples of the study area indicate the non-parametric nature of the distribution. High concentrations of F− and NO3− ions above drinking water permissible limits were present in 12% and 28% of samples, respectively. Similarly, Cl– ion, and total hardness were higher while Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions were marginally higher compared to drinking water limits. Kruskal–Wallis (ANOVA) test results indicate that seasonal variations are not very significant among chemical species. Based on irrigation water quality indicators, groundwater samples fall under the excellent to doubtful category during premonsoon and permissible to unsuitable category during postmonsoon season. These inferences were verified by using the Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI). The spatial contours of the EWQI values clearly suggest that the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater is greater in the northern parts of the study area. Optimizing fertilizer application and effluent treatment can improve the groundwater quality thereby achieving sustainable groundwater management in this region.

Assessment of hydrogeochemistry in groundwater using water quality index model and indices approaches

Groundwater resources around the world required periodic monitoring in order to ensure the safe and sustainable utilization for humans by keeping the good status of water quality. However, this could be a daunting task for developing countries due to the insufficient data in spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, this research work aimed to assess groundwater quality in terms of drinking and irrigation purposes at the adjacent part of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) in Bangladesh. For the purposes of achieving the aim of this study, nine groundwater samples were collected seasonally (dry and wet season) and seventeen hydro-geochemical indicators were analyzed, including Temperature (Temp.), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), total organic carbon (TOC), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), phosphate (PO43−), sulfate (SO42−), nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The present study utilized the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index (CCME-WQI) model to assess water quality for drinking purposes. In addition, nine indices including EC, TDS, TH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (Na%), permeability index (PI), Kelley's ratio (KR), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were used in this research for assessing the water quality for irrigation purposes. The computed mean CCME-WQI score found higher during the dry season (ranges 48 to 74) than the wet season (ranges 40 to 65). Moreover, CCME-WQI model ranked groundwater quality between the “poor” and “marginal” categories during the wet season implying unsuitable water for human consumption. Like CCME-WQI model, majority of the irrigation index also demonstrated suitable water for crop cultivation during dry season. The findings of this research indicate that it requires additional care to improve the monitoring programme for protecting groundwater quality in the RNPP area. Insightful information from this study might be useful as baseline for national strategic planners in order to protect groundwater resources during the any emergencies associated with RNPP.

Spatiotemporal Changes in the Hydrochemical Characteristics and the Assessment of Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation in the Mornag Coastal Region, Northeastern Tunisia

Hydrogeochemical properties and groundwater quality assessment are very important for the effective management of water resources in arid and semiarid regions. The present investigation is a spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater quality using both chemical analysis and water quality indices (WQIs) in the Mornag Basin in northeastern Tunisia. The results exhibit that the Mornag shallow aquifer is dominated by chloride–sodium–potassium water facies, which progress over time toward chloride–sulfate–calcium and magnesium water facies. This may highlight that the mineralization of groundwater, which increases in the direction of groundwater flow, is primarily controlled by a natural process resulting from the dissolution of evaporative minerals and cation exchange with clay minerals relatively abundant in the study area. The anthropogenic activities represented by the return flow of irrigation water, the recharge by wastewater, and climate change also have a key role in groundwater contamination. The temporal evolution in %Na and SAR over the last three years in the Mornag aquifer shows an increasing trend that makes them unsuitable for irrigation. These findings highlight the need for assessing water quality in mapping local water resource vulnerability to pollution and developing sustainable water resources management.

Assessment, classification and mapping of groundwater quality for agriculture in selected farm settlements of southwestern Nigeria

Abstract Good water quality is very vital to the productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The suitability for irrigation of groundwater samples collected and analyzed during dry and wet seasons from Ajegunle, Akufo and Eruwa farm settlements of southwestern Nigeria were assessed using several irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs). The parameters were analyzed statistically and subjected to correlation. Seasonal spatial distribution maps were generated via GIS. All the water samples from the three farm settlements were found to be mostly soft, fresh, excellent, and suitable for irrigation in both seasons. Meanwhile, soluble sodium percentage (SSP) and Kelley's Ratio (KR) revealed them as unsuitable while other parameters showed different degrees of suitability for different samples from different farm settlements in different seasons. Significant correlations were seen between the selected parameters in both seasons. The distribution maps reveal the spatial distributions of selected parameters within Ajegunle and Akufo farm settlements. Utilizing these findings will enhance systematic groundwater exploitation for irrigation within the settlements. Furthermore, systematic irrigation management practices and crop choices, based on the concentrations and distribution of the parameters viz-a-viz crop requirements should be considered to limit potential dangers that may arise with the use of the water over a long period.

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality in Phreatic and Confined Aquifers of the Hebei Plain, China

This study aims to investigate hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Hebei Plain and to discuss factors controlling the groundwater quality. A total of 54 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 31 hydrogeochemical parameters, and a fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method was used for assessing groundwater quality. Results show groundwater total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions excluding K+ in phreatic aquifers higher than that in confined aquifers. From the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, phreatic aquifers towards the reducing environment, and the enhancement of water–rock interaction, ion exchange process, and evaporation probably resulted in the increase in groundwater TDS, major ions (excluding HCO3− and SO42−), B, and Mn concentrations. Moreover, phreatic groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by rock weathering changing into evaporite dissolution and seawater intrusion from the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, according to the Gibbs diagram. The proportion of drinkable groundwater in confined aquifers was 1.6 times that in phreatic aquifers. In phreatic aquifers, the proportion of drinkable groundwater in the Piedmont plain was as high as 68%, but none of the drinkable groundwater occurred in the central and littoral plains. Groundwater quality in phreatic aquifers was mainly controlled by five factors, including the water–rock interaction, the marine geogenic sources, the agricultural pollution, the acidification, and the reductive environment. By contrast, groundwater quality in confined aquifers was mainly controlled by three factors, including the water–rock interaction and redox processes, agricultural pollution, and the input of external water. Therefore, in the Hebei Plain, groundwater in confined aquifers is more suitable for drinking purposes than in phreatic aquifers. Additionally, phreatic groundwater in the Piedmont plain should be protected.

Assessment of Ground Water Quality of Lucknow City under GIS Framework Using Water Quality Index (WQI)

Continuous groundwater quality monitoring is crucial for ensuring safe drinking and irrigation by mitigating risks from geochemical contaminants through appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the suitability of groundwater collected from Lucknow, India, for both drinking and irrigation. Forty samples were collected from different sites within the study area to evaluate groundwater quality. Various parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides (Cl−), total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), fluorides (F−), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), magnesium (Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+) were analyzed. The weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI), a vital rating system representing overall water quality, was employed to classify the water into different categories, such as very good, good, moderate, poor, and unfit for drinking. This classification is invaluable for public awareness and decision-making to make informed decisions regarding effective management, treatment, and sustainable societal development on a broader scale. A correlation matrix was generated and analyzed to observe correlations between the various parameters. Additionally, spatial distribution maps for the analyzed parameters and WQI were prepared using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The study found that WQI values in the area ranged from 2.64 to 168.68, indicating good water quality in most places except for the Kukrail region, where the water quality is unfit for drinking purposes. The water quality map shows that 86% of the area falls under the very good category, 14.63% under good to moderate quality, and 0.37% is categorized as unfit for drinking. Consequently, the findings suggest that the groundwater in the studied area is safe and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes at Al-Jouf Area in KSA Using Artificial Neural Network, GIS, and Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Groundwater is an essential resource for drinking and agricultural purposes in the Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia. The main objective of this study is to assess groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Al-Jouf region. Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater were determined, including total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, electric conductivity (EC), hardness, and various anions and cations. The groundwater quality index (WQI) was calculated to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. The EC, sodium percentage (Na+ %), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), potential salinity (PS), and Kelley’s ratio (KR) were assessed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Effective statistical tests and Feed-forward neural network (FFNN) modeling were applied to reveal the correlation between parameters and predict WQI. The results indicated that approximately all samples are appropriate for drinking and irrigation uses except samples of the Al Qaryat region. The ionic abundance ranking was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations, and Cl− > SO42− > NO3− for anions. Moreover, the groundwater is dominated by alkali metals (K+ and Na+) and controlled by the rock–water interaction process. The indicators of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking according to the following criteria (Na+ %, SAR, KR, MH, PS, WQI (WHO), and WQI (BIS)) can be predicted by the FFNN with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.136, 0.070, 0.022, 0.073, 2.45 × 10−3, 1.45 × 10−2, and 1.18 × 10−2, respectively, and R2 of 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes using Hydrochemical Diagrams and Chemical Indexes

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes using Hydrochemical Diagrams and Chemical Indexes

Identification of the Groundwater Quality and Potential Noncarcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate in the Groundwater of El Milia Plain, Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria

In this study, we analyzed the quality and the potential noncarcinogenic health risk of nitrate in groundwater in the El Milia plain, Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria. Moran’s I and the ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation technique were used to examine the spatial distribution pattern of the hydrochemical parameters in the groundwater. It was found that the hydrochemical parameters Ca, Cl, and HCO3 showed strong spatial autocorrelation in the El Milia plain, indicating a spatial dependence and clustering of these parameters in the groundwater. The groundwater quality was evaluated using the entropy water quality index (EWQI). The results showed that approximately 86% of the total groundwater samples in the study area fall within the moderate groundwater quality category. The spatial map of the EWQI values indicated an increasing trend from the south-west to the northeast, following the direction of groundwater flow. The highest EWQI values were observed near El Milia city in the center of the plain. This spatial pattern suggests variations in groundwater quality across the study area, with potentially higher risks near the city center. The potential noncarcinogenic health risks associated with nitrate contamination in groundwater for adults and children through the drinking water pathway were assessed using the hazard quotient (HQ). The results revealed that approximately 5.7% of the total groundwater samples exceeded the HQ limit for adults, indicating potential health risks. Moreover, a higher percentage, 14.28%, of the total groundwater samples exceeded the HQ limit for children, highlighting their increased vulnerability to noncarcinogenic health hazards associated with nitrate contamination in the study area. Taking timely action and ensuring strict compliance with regulations in groundwater management are crucial for protecting public health, preserving the environment, addressing water scarcity, and achieving sustainable development goals.

Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt

The primary goal of this study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical properties and assess the groundwater quality for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes in West El Minia, Egypt. Major components were determined in 49 groundwater samples to evaluate water quality in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), geostatistics, and spatial mapping were used to identify the chemical components and processes that influence groundwater quality and highlight areas of health risks. According to the TDS values, about 22% of the groundwater samples are suitable for drinking. Due to the elevated values of hardness in the examined water, none of the water samples are suitable for use in a household. The majority of groundwater samples are acceptable for irrigation based on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), and permeability index, and some can be adequately treated. The study indicated that different groundwater characteristics (such as TDS, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) do not comply with WHO requirements in some regions, which may pose a threat to human health.