Quality Assessment Framework Research Articles

Quality of Experience of VoIP Service: A Survey of Assessment Approaches and Open Issues

This survey gives a comprehensive review of recent advances related to the topic of VoIP QoE (Quality of user' Experience). It starts by providing some insight into the QoE arena and outlines the principal building blocks of a VoIP application. The sources of impairments over data IP networks are identified and distinguished from signal-oriented sources of quality degradation observed over telecom networks. An overview of existing subjective and objective methodologies for the assessment of the QoE of voice conversations is then presented outlining how subjective and objective speech quality methodologies have evolved to consider time-varying QoS transport networks. A description of practical procedures for measuring VoIP QoE and illustrative results is then given. Utilization methodology of several speech quality assessment frameworks is summarized. A survey of emerging single-ended parametric-model speech quality assessment algorithms dedicated to VoIP service is then given. In particular, after presenting a primitive single-ended parametric-model algorithm especially conceived for the evaluation of VoIP conversations, new artificial assessors of VoIP service are detailed. In particular, we describe speech quality assessment algorithms that consider, among others, packet loss burstiness, unequal importance of speech wave, and transient loss of connectivity. The following section concentrates on the integration of VoIP service over mobile data networks. The impact of quality-affecting phenomena, such as handovers and CODEC changeover are enumerated and some primary subjective results are summarized. The survey concludes with a review of open issues relating to automatic assessment of VoIP.

Recommendations for mass spectrometry data quality metrics for open access data (corollary to the Amsterdam principles)

Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed upon two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (i) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (ii) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in Proteomics, Proteomics Clinical Applications, Journal of Proteome Research, and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals.

Dynamic data maintenance for quality data, quality research

Just like any other scientific research field, the value of data quality is undisputed in the field of transportation. From policy planning to performance evaluation, from model development to impact studies, good quality data is essential to generate ideas and clear-cut solutions to be implemented by transportation professionals and decision makers.In order to improve scientific data quality and function within a continuous quality assessment and management framework, research and development organizations and agencies constantly look for the latest methodologies and technological tools of data management. The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC), for example, has awarded a research project titled “Improvements on NYMTC Data Products” to the authors of this paper in an effort to modernize the existing data products (i.e., reports and brochures, both printed and online) and improve the communication between the agency and the public. The main goal of the research project was to perform a through review and examination of NYMTC data products to identify specific issues about the existing data products, website and the current data maintenance process at NYMTC, and then suggest appropriate solutions, both data and website, and process oriented.This paper reports the results from this research project by giving special emphasis to the issues and solutions related to the data maintenance process.

Recommendations for mass spectrometry data quality metrics for open access data (corollary to the Amsterdam Principles).

Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed up on two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (1) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (2) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in the Journal of Proteome Research, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, Proteomics, and Proteomics Clinical Applications as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals.

Recommendations for mass spectrometry data quality metrics for open access data (corollary to the Amsterdam principles)

Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed up on two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (i) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (ii) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in Proteomics, Proteomics Clinical Applications, Journal of Proteome Research, and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals.

MetaQC: objective quality control and inclusion/exclusion criteria for genomic meta-analysis

Genomic meta-analysis to combine relevant and homogeneous studies has been widely applied, but the quality control (QC) and objective inclusion/exclusion criteria have been largely overlooked. Currently, the inclusion/exclusion criteria mostly depend on ad-hoc expert opinion or naïve threshold by sample size or platform. There are pressing needs to develop a systematic QC methodology as the decision of study inclusion greatly impacts the final meta-analysis outcome. In this article, we propose six quantitative quality control measures, covering internal homogeneity of coexpression structure among studies, external consistency of coexpression pattern with pathway database, and accuracy and consistency of differentially expressed gene detection or enriched pathway identification. Each quality control index is defined as the minus log transformed P values from formal hypothesis testing. Principal component analysis biplots and a standardized mean rank are applied to assist visualization and decision. We applied the proposed method to 4 large-scale examples, combining 7 brain cancer, 9 prostate cancer, 8 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 17 major depressive disorder studies, respectively. The identified problematic studies were further scrutinized for potential technical or biological causes of their lower quality to determine their exclusion from meta-analysis. The application and simulation results concluded a systematic quality assessment framework for genomic meta-analysis.

Towards a comprehensive human resources module for tourism satellite accounts in Egypt

PurposeThis research paper aims to develop a comprehensive tourism satellite account‐human resource module (TSA‐HRM) which can complement and enhance the analytical capacity provided by the TSA, allowing for a broader insight into tourism's role in the economy, especially that of Egypt.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives have been achieved through reviewing the literature in the fields of tourism satellite account (TSA) and its handling of tourism employment. To answer the research questions, one strategy and one method associated with the qualitative approach are used. The strategy refers to the case study, while the method refers to participant observation. An in‐depth analysis of the TSA project in Egypt was performed using the Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) introduced by the International Monetary Fund.FindingsThe results indicate that statistics on tourism‐related employment in Egypt are usually fragmented, difficult to compare and often lack quality, credibility and reliability. Thus Egypt is in need of a way to improve tourism labor market statistics. However, the process of assessment of the TSA project in Egypt shows that Egypt has good experience in implementing the TSA system. The application of the TSA in Egypt at this high level will create a new horizon for improving the quality of tourism employment statistics.Research limitations/implicationsAt the time of the research Egypt was in the process of constructing its first TSA, and this of course is considered one of the limitations. Since the introduction of TSA to the Egyptian tourism industry in 2009, the statistical system of tourism has made a considerable contribution to improve the quality of data, based on evaluating some of the DQAF criteria, but there are no results so far. The present situation caused the study to fall within the theoretical framework, without producing any statistics on tourism employment in Egypt according to the proposed TSA‐HRM.Practical implicationsThe model proposed will provide detailed data about employment, labor or human resource issues related to tourism in the Egyptian economy, which provides a useful resource for planning policy and decision making.Originality/valueConsidering the research findings, the study developed a comprehensive quantitative (monetary and non‐monetary) and qualitative tourism human resources module of tourism satellite account to extend the analytical capacity of the TSA as well as trace most issues relevant to the tourism labor market in Egypt.

Recommendations for Mass Spectrometry Data Quality Metrics for Open Access Data (Corollary to the Amsterdam Principles)

Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the United States National Cancer Institute convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed up on two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: 1) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and 2) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in the Journal of Proteome Research, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, Proteomics, and Proteomics Clinical Applications as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals.

Mothers' satisfaction with referral hospital delivery service in Amhara Region, Ethiopia

BackgroundA woman's satisfaction with the delivery service may have immediate and long-term effects on her health and subsequent utilization of the services. Providing satisfying delivery care increases service utilization. The objective of this study is to assess the satisfaction of mothers with referral hospitals' delivery service and identify some possible factors affecting satisfaction in Amhara region of Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional survey that involved an exit interview was conducted from September to November 2009 in three referral hospitals in Ethiopia. A total of 417 delivering mothers were enrolled in the study. Client satisfaction was measured using a survey instrument adopted from the Donabedian quality assessment framework. We collect data systematically from every other postnatal woman who delivered in the referral hospitals. Multivariate and binary logistic regression was applied to identify the relative effect of each explanatory variable on the outcome (satisfaction).ResultsThe proportion of mothers who were satisfied with delivery care in this study was 61.9%. Women's satisfaction with delivery care was associated with wanted status of the pregnancy, immediate maternal condition after delivery, waiting time to see the health worker, availability of waiting area, care providers' measure taken to assure privacy during examinations, and amount of cost paid for service.ConclusionsThe overall satisfaction of hospital delivery services in this study is found to be suboptimal. The study strongly suggests that more could be done to assure that services provided are more patient centered.

Prioritization of data quality dimensions and skills requirements in genome annotation work

AbstractThe rapid accumulation of genome annotations, as well as their widespread reuse in clinical and scientific practice, poses new challenges to management of the quality of scientific data. This study contributes towards better understanding of scientists' perceptions of and priorities for data quality and data quality assurance skills needed in genome annotation. This study was guided by a previously developed general framework for assessment of data quality and by a taxonomy of data‐quality (DQ) skills, and intended to define context‐sensitive models of criteria for data quality and skills for genome annotation. Analysis of the results revealed that genomics scientists recognize specific sets of criteria for quality in the genome‐annotation context. Seventeen data quality dimensions were reduced to 5‐factor constructs, and 17 relevant skills were grouped into 4‐factor constructs. The constructs defined by this study advance the understanding of data quality relationships and are an important contribution to data and information quality research. In addition, the resulting models can serve as valuable resources to genome data curators and administrators for developing data‐curation policies and designing DQ‐assurance strategies, processes, procedures, and infrastructure. The study's findings may also inform educators in developing data quality assurance curricula and training courses.

Tourism Satellite Account as a tool for enhancing labour market statistics in tourism industry (applied to tourism sector in Egypt)

Goal and objectives of the dissertationGoalThe goal of the study is to develop a comprehensive Tourism Human Resource Module of the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA-HRM) which can complement and enhance the analytical capacity provided by the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA), allowing for a broader insight into tourism's role in the economy, especially in the Egyptian economy.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are:1. Evaluating the current situation of tourism-related employment statistics and information in Egypt.2. Formulate a TSA-HRM framework for measuring the various aspects, monetary and qualitative, of tourism human resources in the Egyptian economy environment with consistency with World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) standards of the TSA.MethodologyIn general, this study depends on primary and secondary data to reach its findings and suggest a framework to capture the human resources aspects related to the tourism sector in the Egyptian economy. The research approach for the study is a case study that allows the empirical testing of the anticipated framework on a national statistical system. Egypt was selected as the case study for this research.One of the methods of supporting the case study approach is through the analysis of secondary data from existing statistical sources to determine the gaps between underlying concepts and existing data against those internationally proposed.This study has relied on The Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) introduced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for assessing the quality of existing data about TSA and tourism employment in Egypt. The IMF DQAF identifies quality-related features of governance of statistical systems, statistical processes, and statistical products. It addresses a broad range of questions that are captured through the prerequisites of quality and five dimensions of quality: assurances of integrity, methodological soundness, accuracy and reliability, serviceability, and accessibility.As indicated above, one of the major objectives of this study is to identify the current situation of the data on tourism-related employment available in Egypt now and the quality level of the TSA data in Egypt. These additional data required (over and above the secondary sources of data) are gathered through the participant observation method.ResultsThe results begin by assessing the current situation of the data on tourism-related employment available in Egypt now. This is followed by a quality assessment of the TSA project in context of the DQAF criteria.Firstly, the study has drawn a whole picture of tourism-related employment available in Egypt now which can be described as following:1. Broadly, although the great economic role that tourism sector plays in the Egyptian economy, the present available tourism statistics and data do not display the actual contribution of this sector. This is due to the present tourism statistical system which confronts several shortcomings and problems;2. Statistics on tourism-related employment in Egypt is usually fragmented, difficult to compare and often lacks quality, credibility and reliability;3. Considering the inadequate status of tourism employment statistics in Egypt, there is still much to be done to improve the quality of Egypt's tourism employment statistics;4. TSA implementation in Egypt will create a new horizon for improving the quality of tourism employment statistics.Secondly, the following represent the overall findings of the assessment of TSA Data quality in Egypt:1. The TSA unit and the agencies that cooperate with them work within a satisfactory legal and institutional framework that supports the statistical work.2. The TSA unit displays an awareness of quality as the cornerstone of statistical work.3. Staff resources are insufficient for producing statistics. …

A novel discrete wavelet transform framework for full reference image quality assessment

In this paper, we present a general framework for computing full reference image quality scores in the discrete wavelet domain using the Haar wavelet. In our framework, quality metrics are categorized as either map-based, which generate a quality (distortion) map to be pooled for the final score, e.g., structural similarity (SSIM), or nonmap-based, which only give a final score, e.g., Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). For map-based metrics, the proposed framework defines a contrast map in the wavelet domain for pooling the quality maps. We also derive a formula to enable the framework to automatically calculate the appropriate level of wavelet decomposition for error-based metrics at a desired viewing distance. To consider the effect of very fine image details in quality assessment, the proposed method defines a multi-level edge map for each image, which comprises only the most informative image subbands. To clarify the application of the framework in computing quality scores, we give some examples to show how the framework can be applied to improve well-known metrics such as SSIM, visual information fidelity (VIF), PSNR, and absolute difference. The proposed framework presents an excellent tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. We compare the complexity of various algorithms obtained by the framework to the IPP-based H.264 baseline profile encoding using C/C++ implementations. For example, by using the framework, we can compute the VIF at about 5% of the complexity of its original version, but with higher accuracy.

Prognostic models for predicting mortality in elderly ICU patients: a systematic review

To systematically review prognostic research literature on development and/or validation of mortality predictive models in elderly patients. We searched the Scopus database until June 2010 for articles aimed at validating prognostic models for survival or mortality in elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We assessed the models' fitness for their intended purpose on the basis of barriers for use reported in the literature, using the following categories: (1) clinical credibility, (2) methodological quality (based on an existing quality assessment framework), (3) external validity, (4) model performance, and (5) clinical effectiveness. Seven studies were identified which met our inclusion criteria, one of which was an external validation study. In total, 17 models were found of which six were developed for the general adult ICU population and eleven specifically for elderly patients. Cohorts ranged from 148 to 12,993 patients and only smaller ones were obtained prospectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was most commonly used to measure performance (range 0.71-0.88). The median number of criteria met for clinical credibility was 4.5 out of 7 (range 2.5-5.5) and 17 out of 20 for methodological quality (range 15-20). Although the models scored relatively well on methodological quality, none of them can be currently considered sufficiently credible or valid to be applicable in clinical practice for elderly patients. Future research should focus on external validation, addressing performance measures relevant for their intended use, and on clinical credibility including the incorporation of factors specific for the elderly population.

Continuous Quality Improvement Techniques for Data Collection in Asset Management Systems

AbstractTransportation infrastructure assets are among the largest investments made by governmental agencies. These agencies use data on asset conditions to make decisions regarding the timing of maintenance activities, the type of treatment, and the resources to employ. To collect and record these data, agencies often utilize trained evaluators who assess the asset either on site or by analyzing photos and/or videos. These visual assessments are widely used to evaluate conditions of various assets, including pavement surface distresses. This paper describes a Data Quality Assessment & Improvement Framework (DQAIF) to measure and improve the performance of multiple evaluators of pavement distresses by controlling for subjective judgment by the individual evaluators. The DQAIF is based on a continuous quality improvement cyclic process that is based on the following main components: (1) assessment of the consistency over time—performed using linear regression analysis; (2) assessment of the agreement betwe...

Discrete quality assessment in IPTV content distribution networks

Maintaining the quality of videos in resource-intensive IPTV services is challenging due to the nature of packet-based content distribution networks (CDN). Network impairments are unpredictable and highly detrimental to the quality of video content. Quality of the end user experience (QoE) has become a critical service differentiator. An efficient real-time quality assessment service in distribution networks is the foundation of service quality monitoring and management. The perceptual impact of individual impairments varies significantly and is influenced by complex impact factors. Without differentiating the impact of quality violation events to the user experience, existing assessment methodologies based on network QoS such as packet loss rate cannot provide adequate supports for the IPTV service assessment. A discrete perceptual impact evaluation quality assessment (DEQA) framework is introduced in this paper. The proposed framework enables a real-time, non-intrusive assessment service by efficiently recognising and assessing individual quality violation events in the IPTV distribution network. The discrete perceptual impacts to a media session are aggregated for the overall user level quality evaluation. With its deployment scheme the DEQA framework also facilitates efficient network diagnosis and QoE management. To realise the key assessment function of the framework and investigate the proposed advanced packet inspection mechanism, we also introduce the dedicated evaluation testbed—the LA2 system. A subjective experiment with data analysis is also presented to demonstrate the development of perceptual impact assessment functions using analytical inference, the tools of the LA2 system, subjective user tests and statistical modelling.

Modifiers for Quality Assurance in Group Facilitation

A key task of a professional facilitator is to assure the quality of the knowledge products created through collaborative effort. To manage the quality of the knowledge a group generates, facilitators attend to, judge, and question the quality of the contributions a group makes, the decisions it makes and the commitments its members make toward achieving the group’s goals. When facilitators or group members detect deficiencies in ideas, decisions, agreements, or artifacts, facilitators may need to intervene to support the group in improving the quality of their output, without disrupting the flow of the group process. In this paper we present a framework for quality assessment and a toolbox with flexible interventions that can be added to a collaborative process on the fly as soon as quality deficiencies are detected. The toolbox is a set of conditional adjustment interventions that a facilitator can add to other facilitation techniques so as to guard the quality of the group’s intellectual products. The toolbox can also be used as a starting point for designing intelligent agents that support the automatic detection of quality deficiencies.

A Framework for Information Quality Assessment Using Six Sigma Approach

Impacts of poor quality of information are felt at every level in an organisation. To mitigate these impacts, information quality must be assessed and managed. However, obtaining accurate measurements and cost-effective assessments of information quality have proven to be an extremely difficult task due to the complexities of information systems and the various information quality dimensions depending upon the business properties. Most of the available information quality assessment frameworks are based on measuring customer data only and thus, they do not provide comprehensive and systematic assessment of information quality. However, not only that these approaches are unable to provide a complete measurement of all the information quality dimensions, but are also unable to highlight the dirtiness of data due to the correlation of various information quality dimensions. This paper introduces a new approach to information quality measurement and employs Six Sigma approach to information quality assessment. This approach focuses on continuous improvement of information quality by a systematic assessment of multiple information quality dimensions. It specifically tackles the correlation and the relative importance of information quality dimensions and proposes precise and systematic information quality assessment criteria.

Multilevel Factors Related to Psychosocial Care Outcomes in Washington State Skilled Nursing Facilities

As the primary providers of psychosocial services in skilled nursing facilities, social services professionals report barriers interfering with their ability to meet residents' needs. This study utilizes a 3-category quality assessment framework and a cross-sectional survey design to assess factors impacting the provision of effective psychosocial services in Washington State facilities. Hierarchical linear regression results indicate that the 3-factor model explains 26.4% of the variance in psychosocial outcomes; 4 variables exert the most influence: ownership turnover, practitioner experience, practitioner role identity, and the importance of individualizing care. Findings have implications for developing necessary supports for quality psychosocial care delivery.

Atherosclerotic Plaque Ultrasound Video Encoding, Wireless Transmission, and Quality Assessment Using H.264

We propose a unifying framework for efficient encoding, transmission, and quality assessment of atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound video. The approach is based on a spatially varying encoding scheme, where video-slice quantization parameters are varied as a function of diagnostic significance. Video slices are automatically set based on a segmentation algorithm. They are then encoded using a modified version of H.264/AVC flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) technique that allows variable quality slice encoding and redundant slices (RSs) for resilience over error-prone transmission channels. We evaluate our scheme on a representative collection of ten ultrasound videos of the carotid artery for packet loss rates up to 30%. Extensive simulations incorporating three FMO encoding methods, different quantization parameters, and different packet loss scenarios are investigated. Quality assessment is based on a new clinical rating system that provides independent evaluations of the different parts of the video (subjective). We also use objective video-quality assessment metrics and estimate their correlation to the clinical quality assessment of plaque type. We find that some objective quality assessment measures computed over the plaque video slices gave very good correlations to mean opinion scores (MOSs). Here, MOSs were computed using two medical experts. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves enhanced performance in noisy environments, while at the same time achieving significant bandwidth demands reductions, providing transmission over 3G (and beyond) wireless networks.

Image quality assessment based on S-CIELAB model

This paper proposes a new image quality assessment framework which is based on color perceptual model. By analyzing the shortages of the existing image quality assessment methods and combining the color perceptual model, the general framework of color image quality assessment based on the S-CIELAB color space is presented. The S-CIELAB color model, a spatial extension of CIELAB, has an excellent performance for mimicking the perceptual processing of human color vision. This paper incorporates excellent color perceptual characteristics model with the geometrical distortion measurement to assess the image quality. First, the reference and distorted images are transformed into S-CIELAB color perceptual space, and the transformed images are evaluated by existing metric in three color perceptual channels. The fidelity factors of three channels are weighted to obtain the image quality. Experimental results achieved on LIVE database II shows that the proposed methods are in good consistency with human subjective assessment results.