Qualitative Research Tradition Research Articles

Research ethics in practice: challenges of using digital technology to embed the voices of children and young people within programs for fathers who use domestic violence

There has been growing enthusiasm amongst those who undertake research with children, for the development of participatory and visual research methods. The greater availability and affordability of digital technology (such as digital cameras, tablets and smart phones) has meant that there has been greater scope for digital technology to support participatory research methods, or augment more traditional qualitative research methods. While digital technology provides new opportunities for qualitative researchers, they also come with a series of challenges – some of which have been grappled with by those using more traditional research methods but also some which are new. Our study was undertaken in Victoria, Australia, and used a combination of interviews, focus groups and digital storytelling to bring together two strands of work which have historically occurred separately: work with children experiencing domestic violence and programs for men who use domestic violence. While digital storytelling proved to be an effective method of engaging children and young people in the research, a range of challenging ethical issues emerged. Some of these issues were considered as part of the formal ‘procedural ethics’ process, but additional and more challenging issues relating to anonymity and the complex safety considerations of using of the children’s digital stories within programs for men who use violence and dissemination emerged in practice. It is hoped that sharing our experiences and decision-making will contribute to the knowledge base for others considering engaging in sensitive research using digital technology.

MOOD TYPE AND APPRAISAL REALIZED IN THE ONLINE JAKARTA POST EDITORIAL ISSUED ON MARCH 12TH, 2018 "VOTERS NEED MORE CANDIDATES"

This research attempt to investigate an editorial text of the online Jakarta Post entitled “Voters Need More Candidates” Issued on March 12th, 2018 with two research questions, i.e. (1) What kinds of mood system are realized in the text of “Voters need more candidates”? (2) What kinds of author’s attitude, engagement and graduation are reflected in the text? This research used qualitative research tradition Method. This research found out that the type of mood mostly used in editorial text entitled Voter Need More Candidates is declarative. The lexical of appraisal system are Judgment-Attitude (9%) and Appreciation Attitude (91); Mono-glossic-Engagement (36.84%), Dialogic Contraction-Engagement (15.79%) and Dialogic Expansion-Engagement (47.37%)); Force-Graduation (100%).

Health system resilience: a literature review of empirical research.

The concept of health system resilience has gained popularity in the global health discourse, featuring in UN policies, academic articles and conferences. While substantial effort has gone into the conceptualization of health system resilience, there has been no review of how the concept has been operationalized in empirical studies. We conducted an empirical review in three databases using systematic methods. Findings were synthesized using descriptive quantitative analysis and by mapping aims, findings, underlying concepts and measurement approaches according to the resilience definition by Blanchet et al. We identified 71 empirical studies on health system resilience from 2008 to 2019, with an increase in literature in recent years (62% of studies published since 2017). Most studies addressed a specific crisis or challenge (82%), most notably infectious disease outbreaks (20%), natural disasters (15%) and climate change (11%). A large proportion of studies focused on service delivery (48%), while other health system building blocks were side-lined. The studies differed in terms of their disciplinary tradition and conceptual background, which was reflected in the variety of concepts and measurement approaches used. Despite extensive theoretical work on the domains which constitute health system resilience, we found that most of the empirical literature only addressed particular aspects related to absorptive and adaptive capacities, with legitimacy of institutions and transformative resilience seldom addressed. Qualitative and mixed methods research captured a broader range of resilience domains than quantitative research. The review shows that the way in which resilience is currently applied in the empirical literature does not match its theoretical foundations. In order to do justice to the complexities of the resilience concept, knowledge from both quantitative and qualitative research traditions should be integrated in a comprehensive assessment framework. Only then will the theoretical ‘resilience idea’ be able to prove its usefulness for the research community.

Bridging Knowledge and Action in the Workplace: An Evaluation on Internship Learning Outcomes of Child Development Associate Degree Program Students

The efficiency of the education systems fundamentally depends on the quality of teaching and learning in classrooms, workshops, laboratories, and other educational spaces. Perfect teachers, well-designed courses, and proper facilities, provision of necessary resources are required for an excellent education, but not enough. This study aims to evaluate child development associate degree program students in their learning during their summer internships the scope of Raelin’s Work-Based Learning Model. The individual level of this model takes place two types of learning (theory and practice) and four types of individual learning (conceptualization, experimentation, experience, and reflection) that arise from a matrix of two forms of knowledge (explicit and implicit). This research was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. Depending on the tradition of qualitative research, observation, semi-structured interview, and document review strategies were used to increase the reliability of this study. In the analysis of the qualitative data, the descriptive analysis technique was used to define and interpret the data in line with the predetermined themes. The findings obtained in this study revealed that although the students made various observations and practices during their internships, it has been identified that these studies did not include the learning types in the context of the model.

Tural phenomenon of Monument Building in Batak Toba People Life in Pangururan District and Palipi District Samosir

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of monument building culture in the life of Toba Batak tribe in Pangururan and Palipi Districts, Samosir Regency. This research uses descriptive analytic method with phenomenology approach. The phenomenological approach is a tradition of qualitative research that is rooted in philosophical and psychological, and focuses on the experience of human life (sociology). The results of this study indicate that the cultural phenomenon of monument building in the life of Toba Batak community is a form of cultural activity carried out by Toba Batak tribe as a tribute to the spirits of the ancestors or to the Ompu-Ompu, on the basis of religion and tradition that are still alive until now. This is Toba Batak tribe who highly respects the spirits of their ancestors.

Samosir Regency in the Development of Monument

This study aims to discuss the development of monument in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia by using a descriptive analytic method with a phenomenological approach. The phenomenological approach is a tradition of qualitative research that is rooted in philosophical and psychological, and focuses on the experience of human life (sociology). The results of this study indicate that there are so many public opinions regarding the development of the monument carried out by Toba Batak community in Samosir Regency. However, the development of this monument is inseparable from two aspects, namely in terms of religion / belief and cultural aspects. The development of monument that is so fierce in Samosir Regency carries so many meanings behind the monument itself. The number of parsadaan’s monument in Samosir Regency is 19.

Samosir Regency in the Development of Monument

This study aims to discuss the development of monument in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia by using a descriptive analytic method with a phenomenological approach. The phenomenological approach is a tradition of qualitative research that is rooted in philosophical and psychological, and focuses on the experience of human life (sociology). The results of this study indicate that there are so many public opinions regarding the development of the monument carried out by Toba Batak community in Samosir Regency. However, the development of this monument is inseparable from two aspects, namely in terms of religion / belief and cultural aspects. The development of monument that is so fierce in Samosir Regency carries so many meanings behind the monument itself. The number of parsadaan’s monument in Samosir Regency is 19.

APPLIED CONSTRUCTION OF CONCEPTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE BEYOND THE SEMANTIC APPROACH

Problem settingw It has always been recognized by different scholars of social sciences that concepts are essential both to theory construction in different scientific realms as well as to applied research. A practical approach to concepts suggests that concepts, however complicated they might be, should be, in essence, boiled down to measurable indicators that, in turn, can be thoroughly studied by applying qualitative or quantitative approaches. Discussion around the nature of the concepts in social science in general and particularly in the political science brought about a number of terms to denote the concepts like «essentially contested concepts» or «nomadic concepts». In order to avoid the bothersome discussion of the meaning of concepts, a prominent American scholar of social science research methodology and international relations G. Goertz said that he preferred to define concepts implicitly through a discussion of how they could be constructed. He coined the term «semantic approach» to denote the traditional approach to concepts and his alternative approach is what this article critically analyzes in comparison to other approaches to concepts ’ studies, including the traditional ones.Recent research and publications analysis. A great number of scholars contributed to the studies of concepts, among them G. Sartori, J. Gerring, Ch. Ragin, D. Collier, M. Richter and others. After W. B. Gallie coined the expression «essentially contested concepts» in 1956, a discussion on the phenomenon of «contestedness» of social and political concepts has commenced and never stopped. Among the very recent contributions to analysis of concepts the papers of M. W. Spicer, F. Berenskoetter and C. Greene should be mentioned.Paper objective is to identify both advantages and disadvantages of applied approaches to political concepts’ construction that go beyond the traditional semantic approach and that, in turn, implies a closer examination of a causal, ontological, and realist view of concepts, suggested by G. Goertz, followed by a comparison with other perceptions of concepts, and supplemented by illustrations of why it is very difficult to provide a strict technical definition for the most important political science concepts.Paper main body. The approach of G. Goertz is analysed, contrasted and compared to other approaches to defining social and political concepts, including those that are not as pragmatic and utilitarian as the one suggested by Goertz. A number of illustrations are drawn from very recent (published 2017 and after) papers with examples of different concepts: ’authenticity’, ’friendship’, ’autogolpe’, ’modern politics’, ’reversibility’, ’culture ’, ’depoliticisation’, ’post-truth politics ’ and others. Some examples are taken from a clearly qualitative research traditions like an ethnographic approach to the study of ’clientelism ’ as ’everyday political practice ’ in order to demonstrate that not only a quantitative approach (G. Goertz is famous for using fuzzy-sets to deconstruct the concepts) can be pragmatic and utilitarian.Conclusions of the research A causal, ontological, and realist view of concepts, suggested by G. Goertz, has its advantages since it enables a practical empirical study of a concept after it is boiled down to a level of indicators that can be studied primarily by quantitative methods. The limitation of such a view is caused by refusal to go deeper into the theoretical and methodological discussions of the nature of a given political concept. Many concepts in political science cannot be defined in straightforward manner suggested by G. Goertz because they are «essentially contested» to use the terms of W. B. Gallie, but also because such contestedness is caused by the nature of the concept that has to be constantly redefined and re-evaluated through different ideological lenses. To provide a clear and ultimate definition for a political science would mean to stop the methodological and theoretical debate about such a concept and that would basically mean to halt the development of political science.

Publishing qualitative research in the Journal of Educational Psychology: Synthesizing research perspectives across methodological silos.

Although there is increasing recognition of the value of mixed-methods research, many publication spaces remain methodologically siloed, primarily publishing either qualitative or quantitative research studies. This methodological siloing presents a risk to coherence in the psychological sciences if qualitative and quantitative research traditions continue to exist and develop in disconnected spaces. In this commentary, we share our editorial experience while editing this special section via a case study of the process of publishing qualitative research in a traditionally quantitative publication venue. Our central goal is to describe how we aimed to increase contact between qualitative and quantitative research traditions during the editorial process and the unique challenges and opportunities that arose as a result. We hope that this case study of how the special section was produced will help spark discussion and debate about the roles of qualitative and quantitative methods in educational psychology and about how research communities can transform the ways in which they publish and evaluate research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

What Happens During Teacher–Student Interaction in the First Year of Primary School? A New Explanation

The present research aims to develop a theory on teacher–student interaction in the first year of primary school period. The present research was designed in grounded theory research which is one of the qualitative research traditions. A total of 18 primary school children started the first year of primary school. Data were collected through participant observation. Participant observation was launched after all necessary ethical permissions were taken from local education authority, the participant children, their teacher, and parents. Data were analyzed through constant comparison within three stages as open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. It was reported that the teacher and the first graders mutually developed strategies and there were several circumstances in the interaction that nested behavioral problems.

Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Anxiety Before, During, and After a Standardized Patient Encounter

Context Standardized patient (SP) encounters are an assessment technique in health and medical education that can improve participants' communication and clinical skills. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of postprofessional athletic trainers before, during, and after a SP encounter. Design Qualitative research. Setting Before and after participants engaged in the same SP encounter. Patients or Other Participants Athletic trainers enrolled in a postprofessional doctor of athletic training program (age = 24 ± 2, years of experience = 3 ± 3). Main Outcome Measure(s) Individual, semistructured interviews were completed before and after the SP encounter via teleconferencing software. Interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed via the consensual qualitative research tradition using a 3-person coding team. Using a multistage process, the team identified common domains and categories to confirm a consensus codebook. Trustworthiness was established using member checking and external auditing. Results Four domains emerged during analysis: (1) emotional state, (2) design of encounter, (3) realism, and (4) conscious consideration. Participants identified an emotional state related to self-judgment and feeling overwhelmed by time constraints. The postprofessional learners felt the SP encounter created a safe environment for integrating newly learned skills. Contrastingly, they also expressed uncertainty, as the SP encounter was perceived as an unknown situation. Before the SP encounter, participants doubted their ability to suspend reality but were surprised by the authenticity. They mentioned using self-management strategies for their feelings. After the SP encounter, participants expressed a growth mindset related to improving clinical skills, while others lacked ownership through blaming. Conclusions Despite disbelief before the SP encounter, the design of the encounter provided an authentic learning environment for practicing athletic trainers to integrate and rehearse their clinical skills in a safe setting. However, participants expressed anxiety related to the SP encounter that altered their preparation and experience.

Qualitative Research for One Health: From Methodological Principles to Impactful Applications.

The One Health concept has inspired a rich vein of applied research and scholarly reflection over the past decade, yet with little influence from qualitative methodologists. With this overview, we describe the underpinning assumptions, purposes, and potential pitfalls of data collection techniques and methods of data analysis in key qualitative research methodologies. Our aim is to enhance One Health collaborations involving qualitative researchers, veterinary epidemiologists, and veterinary economists. There exist several distinct traditions of qualitative research, from which we draw selectively for illustrative purposes. Notwithstanding important distinctions, we emphasize commonalities and the potential for collaborative impact. The most important commonality is a shared focus on contextualizing human behavior and experience–culturally, economically, historically, and socially. We demonstrate that in-depth attention to context can assist veterinary economists and epidemiologists in drawing lessons from the implementation of policies and programs. In other words, qualitative researchers can assist One Health teams in distilling insights from “success stories,” but also from adverse events and unintended consequences. As a result, qualitative researchers can contribute to One Health research and policy discussions by formulating more accurate and contextually-relevant parameters for future quantitative studies. When performed well, qualitative methodologies can help veterinary economists and epidemiologists to develop impactful research questions, to create more accurate and contextually-relevant parameters for quantitative studies, and to develop policy recommendations and interventions that are attuned to the political and socio-cultural context of their implementation. In sketching out the properties and features of influential methodologies, we underscore the value of working with seasoned qualitative researchers to incorporate questions about “what,” “how,” and “why” in mixed-methods research designs.

Use of sensemaking as a pedagogical approach to teach clinical ethics: an integrative review

There is a need to explore educational strategies that translate ethics knowledge into ethical behavior. Commonly used pedagogical approaches steeped in traditional normative ethical theory are less powerful than sensemaking in preparing clinicians to respond to ethical problems in practice. This integrative review of 15 articles explores the use of sensemaking as an instructional method for clinical ethics. Whittemore and Knafl’s (Journal of Advanced Nursing 52(5):546–553, 2005) integrative review method guided a systematic appraisal of data from both qualitative and quantitative research traditions, synthesizing disparate studies in analyzing literature about the use of sensemaking as a pedagogical approach in teaching ethics. Findings supported the use of Weick’s sensemaking theory to develop instructional methods that encourage ethical decision making in students as well as promote ethical response by health care providers. The review reveals important theoretical and training implications for introducing sensemaking as a means to promote ethical action in clinical practice.

Soft Power of Higher Education as a Global Leadership Factor

Introduction. The main objectives of foreign policy of any state include the extension of its influence in the international arena. In the era of information and knowledge, one of the most effective tools for this task is soft power of education. In this respect, education is seen as a promising soft power instrument, which long-term character allows a country to promote not only its cultural, scientific and technological achievements, but also its cultural values and norms of social organisation. Today, universities are also seeking to strengthen their positions in global education rankings, which are used to define the status and reputation of a particular university in the global market of educational services. This ranking serves as a guide for future students and their parents, when choosing a prestigious education location and when developing individual career paths.The aims of the present research are the following: to analyse soft power of higher education as a soft power mechanism, which allows a country to achieve and maintain leadership positions in the international arena; to specify conditi ons, factors and barriers that determine the position of universities in global ranking systems.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework is based on the concept of soft power and the theory of internationalisation of higher education. The empirical study was conducted following the tradition of qualitative sociological research. In 2018, a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted among Ural Federal University employees, whose responsibilities were related to the promotion of the university on the global educational market. The Ural Federal University (UrFU) can be considered representative in terms of practices aimed at attracting foreign students to the BRICS countries. In addition, UrFU is a place where the concept of a network BRICS University was realised in 2017. A total of 5 expert interviews were conducted. The collected data were analysed in the context of the World Bank statistics on the money spent by the BRICS countries on education and R&D during the 1999–2015 period (% of GDP), as well as the data provided by the QS World University Rankings – 2019 to analyse the reputation of BRICS universities.Results and scientific novelty. The case study of Ural Federal University allowed the authors to consider the specific practices of BRICS zones for attracting foreign students. The authors analysed the specifics of actions taken by a university to promote its international leadership positions in the international space on the example of students from China. It is shown that the role of global ranking systems (institutional and faculty) in the choice of a university is steadily growing. At the same time, factors determining the attractiveness of the Ural Federal University for foreign students, in particular for Chinese students, include a reasonable level of tuition, the quality of the education and the formed ethnic social networks. For them, the Russian education is expected to be a factor in achieving a higher social status in their home countries. This demonstrates the effective role of education as a soft power instrument, although in the long-term perspective. The authors identified a number of findings concerning the barriers faced by Russian universities on the way to recognising them as global actors of higher vocational education. It is possible to enter the Top 500 best world universities; however, the task of maintaining the achieved position in global rankings is more complicated and cannot be completed without a steady increase in the performance over several years. A world-class university should attract gifted youth, qualified teachers and researchers. The reduction in the number of talented people and research results leads to the loss of geopolitical mission by the educational organisation. Inadequate funding may prevent universities from breakthrough and sustainable improvement of their reputation.Practical significance. The research findings might be useful for managers of higher education and for strategists involved in positioning and making forecasts of educational institutions development. Also, the present findings can be applied by specialists engaged in the issues of educational policy, distribution of public investments, as well as the issues of international interaction and competition between states in order to realise national interests and support national economy in the country in the long term.

RESEARCH OF STUDENT REPRESENTATION BODIES IN UNIVERSITIES: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

This article aims to present a critical and reflective analysis of modern practices of the student representation bodies that have institutional influence on decision-making of universities or the government. The article first describes different traditions of understanding student representation in the context of student politics and its links with student activism, political socialization, elections. Then we consider different approaches to understanding of student representation as a part of a higher education system (types and forms of interaction between students, on the one hand, and universities and governments, on the other hand). Finally, traditions of researching the practices of student representative bodies in different groups of countries (Anglo-Saxon countries, developing countries of Global South, and continental Europe) are discussed. The following section contains a critical analysis of the current research of student representation, its advantages (developed conceptual framework and limited geographic traditions of qualitative research as well as connection with political science in the electoral context) and disadvantages (insufficient empirical, positivistic focus; uneven geographical prevalence; lack of research focus on the «frontier» of the concepts of student representation and student activism). Then potential future areas of research are outlined, including the diversification of methodology (empirical quantitative methods) and geographical coverage (the post-Soviet space and key countries of East Asia) as well as refinements of the theoretical apparatus and a more detailed consideration of the connection between the practices of student representation and student activism. The originality and value of the article lies in the fact that despite the gradual increase in the popularity of student representation as a research topic in the last two decades, this topic remains largely underexplored in Russia, and the novel conceptual and methodological approaches proposed in this article should spur further studies.

YENİ TOPLUMSAL HAREKETLERDE YENİ MEDYA ETKİSİ: KUZEY ORMANLARI SAVUNMASI ÖRNEĞİ

Yeni toplumsal hareket (YTH) kavramı, 1960’ların sonlarından itibaren içerik ve biçim değiştirmeye başlayan, sınıf temelli olmaktan çıkarak, her sınıftan bireyin katılım sağlayabildiği insan hakları, çevre, barış, toplumsal cinsiyet gibi sorun alanlarına odaklanan toplumsal hareketleri anlatmak üzere kullanılmaya başlayan bir kavramdır. Genel olarak medya her zaman, geniş kitlelere ulaşması yanında, niteliksel olarak da toplumsal hareketleri etkileyen, ideoloji üreten önemli bir güç olmuştur. Şüphesiz yeni iletişim teknolojileri de YTH’yi derinden etkilemiştir. Yeni medyanın hayatımıza girmesiyle yaygınlaşan sosyal medya kullanımı yeni bir kamusal alan biçimi ortaya çıkarmış, YTH’nin etkinliğini artırmış, savunuculuk yapma pratiklerini etkilemiş, protesto ve hak arama amaçlı mesajların daha hızlı, kolay ve ekonomik biçimde yaygınlaştırılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada yeni toplumsal hareketlerin yeni medyaya taşınma biçimi ve etkileri Kuzey Ormanları Savunması (KOS) hareketi üzerinden ele alınacaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma geleneği içerisinde yer alan doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılarak, KOS’un web sitesi, sosyal medya profilleri, sosyal medya hesaplarından yapılan paylaşımlar analiz edilecektir.

The Potentials and Pitfalls of ‘Art in Research’ Methodologies: Foregrounding Memory and Emotion in Planning Research

ABSTRACT The article draws on a two-month project with forty-four high school students in Reston, Virginia to suggest that ‘art in research’ methodologies might be useful to shift away from the problematic histories of planning as solely a technical endeavor based in masculinist conceptions of legitimate research. I propose that we can radically reimagine planning research and practice as an emancipatory endeavor for its participants, suggesting that the iterative and longer art-making process may usefully complement traditional qualitative planning research, specifically helping to uncover relevant memories and emotions of participants.

Dirigencia estudiantil universitaria en Venezuela

Los movimientos sociales en las dinámicas de un país cada vez cobran mayor interés en las democracias del mundo, con especial atención en la venezolana, fuertemente comprometida en los últimos años. Las dirigencias estudiantiles universitarias resaltan de estos movimientos, asumiéndose durante los años 2007 y 2014 como uno de los nichos con mayor peso en la dinámica política y social de Venezuela. Estos grupos que aparecen desde 2007 asociados a las denominadas «luchas por la defensa de la libertad» han llegado a poseer un protagonismo que le ha merecido el reconocimiento de la opinión pública nacional e internacional. Este artículo se desprende de la tesis doctoral Significados de libertad en la dirigencia estudiantil universitaria, y tiene por objetivo representar algunas ideas sobre la libertad y las protestas de 2007 y 2014 protagonizadas por dirigentes estudiantiles de algunas de dos de las más importantes universidades de Venezuela. El enfoque epistemológico fue el experiencialista-vivencialista, con la fenomenología como tradición de investigación cualitativa. Se desarrolló el concepto de tecnología discursiva para abordar las experiencias de los dirigentes. Los resultados sugieren que la libertad está fuertemente arraigada a los procesos de participación política y social del país, desarrollándose un matiz extra universitario en el desempeño de las acciones. Esta aproximación a la libertad es dinamizada por el poder constituido, la familia, el lenguaje, la ética y la moral, y se proyecta hacia la toma de acciones para la transformación del país, sea desde grupos a favor o contra el gobierno revolucionario.

Qualitative research skills acquisition within social work doctoral education using project-based learning

The future of social work research relies on the intellect and competence of current doctoral students. These future scholars who receive doctoral education that values qualitative inquiry will create a system where qualitative research traditions receive the same privilege as quantitative research traditions. Project-based learning provides learning opportunities that can challenge assumptions about what academia considers “real” research. This descriptive qualitative study explored key attributes of using project-based learning within two consecutive social work doctoral courses to encourage qualitative research skill development. Students and instructors participated in ideawriting and focus groups to assess the usefulness of PBL within these courses. The findings suggested that PBL may be useful for deepening knowledge about qualitative inquiry and reducing epistemological unconsciousness.

The Journal Article Reporting Standards for Qualitative Primary, Qualitative Meta-Analytic and Mixed Methods Research: Applying the Standards to Social Work Research

ABSTRACTThe American Psychological Association published the Task Force Report on Journal Article Reporting Standards for Qualitative Primary, Qualitative Meta-Analytic and Mixed Methods Research in Psychology in 2018. The standards have wide applicability across the social sciences and can make an important contribution to social work scholarship. The standards recognize diversity within qualitative and mixed methods research traditions while successfully distilling out a set of coherent reporting standards to guide authors and reviewers. In this paper, we examine the standards’ utility for social work, examining how these respond to critiques of reporting practices in qualitative research, and how social work scholars can apply them. While there may be some contestation among scholars in social work, we propose that the standards are indeed inclusive of diverse interpretative and critical voices in Social Work. We conclude with recommending the adoption of these standards by the social work research community.