Qualitative Research Tool Research Articles

Notion of a good death for patients with cancer: a qualitative systematic review protocol

IntroductionPromoting the quality of death and achieving a good death is one of the most important goals of palliative care in cancer care. Few studies synthesised views of patients with...

Arousing Early Strategic Thinking about SDGs with Real Mathematics Problems

In this article, we ask whether it is possible to reinforce problem design skills in secondary school mathematics teachers around the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), so that young students can try out a first numerical approach to sustainable development. If this is possible, we ask whether it would significantly improve their relationship with sustainability and their perception of the usefulness of mathematics. The present paper aims to proactively contribute to the field of civic education through the design of original math problems combining math secondary education curriculum with the predicament of the 2030 Agenda and the 17 interlinked SDGs. Conceived as a qualitative research tool for teacher training, generating adequate resources for their professional practice, five of these chosen workshop activities have been presented to a group of forty-seven students who were asked to complete a questionary afterwards about their attitude towards the proposal. The article’s main findings are that SDGs are a powerful source of inspiration for problem design grounded in real-world contexts and that students of this age are mostly ready to feel curiosity and motivation about the mathematical approach to sustainability and their capacity to analyze real data, regardless of the inevitable oversimplification of the problem.

The Artistic Exploration of Balbir Singh Katt: An Introduction

Balbir Singh Katt, an eminent Indian stone carver of the modern era has always been credited for enrichment of the institutionalized ethos of monumental sculptures with a purified connotation tuned to post-colonial eclecticism. More than three decades (1970’s to 2000) during his career spanning, it was indeed amazing to see that how he continued his ‘sustained interest in handling large blocks’ invariably big boulders while many of his contemporaries preferred to do small or portable pieces for practical exigencies. This study investigates his artistic works and life in the domain of contemporary Indian Art. Through adopting qualitative research tools this paper explores in his artistic output in the context of monumental sculpture in public space in India.

Architectural analyses of 19th century Indo-Saracenic structures designed by British Architect Robert Chisholm in Vadodara

ABSTRACT A particular architectural style called ‘Indo-Saracenic’ emerged after 1860s and characterised British Colonial Architecture in India. Robert Chisholm was one of its early proponents who worked between the years 1860 to 1910. His initial phase of works emerged in the Madras Presidency and the later in the erstwhile Princely State of Baroda, now Vadodara. The author through the study of his works addresses the central research problematic of using “Indo-Saracenic” as an umbrella term, not distinguishing a huge number of local variants both in architectural historiography and pedagogy. Out of 27 buildings identified to have been designed by Chisholm in India, a critical sample of 10 career-defining buildings was extracted based on a definite shortlisting-criteria like typological uniqueness, structural integrity, heritage grading, etc. Four cases formed the critical sample from Vadodara: Faculty of Arts at Baroda College, Laxmivilas Palace, Khanderao Market and Nyaya Mandir. Two of them are discussed to find out if Chisholm’s architectural style constituted a unique localised Indo-Saracenic variant in Vadodara. The qualitative research tools used are historical/chronological research, typology studies, architectural analysis, etc.

Bilingual, Intergenerational Worship and Ministry for Unity

Many Korean American churches have several different worship services on a given Sunday that cater to different age and language groups. The intent is to cater to the different needs of each group, where each group can worship in an age-appropriate setting with the language they are comfortable with. However, it has also had the unintended consequence of creating factions and divisions within the church. It is not uncommon to hear about conflicts and quarrels between Korean Ministry (KM) and English Ministry (EM), from the leadership level down to the congregation members. While there may be several other contributing factors to church conflicts, one key reason is worshipping separately, which creates different spiritual identities within the church. This article proposes that through a creative and engaging bilingual, intergenerational worship and ministry, different generations in Korean American churches, and perhaps other immigrant churches in multilingual and multicultural settings, can worship and learn together as one community with a common spiritual identity. Careful planning of liturgy that is meaningful to different age and language groups is the key. A project conducted at True Light Community Church, a Korean American congregation in the Metro-Denver area, shows that different generations can be brought together in unity as they worship together regularly. In this project, basic qualitative research tools were used to plan a six-month worship and ministry program. The results show that while it is difficult to provide a meaningful, spiritual experience for every single person or generation, bilingual, intergenerational worship and ministry can bring different generations together.

Drawing the researcher into data: drawing as an analytical tool in qualitative research

In qualitative research, visual methods often entail engaging with images as the subject of analysis. Yet, images may be of value also as a means of analysis. This article reflects on this analytical value in relation to drawings. To this end, the authors explore drawings made by researchers in various phases of qualitative research. Drawings made ‘in the margin’ are put centre stage to better understand their role in data analysis. They allow revisiting situations; and they supplement the audio-to-text act of transcribing. Actively drawing involves and stimulates a sensory engagement with the phenomena under study and the data. Drawings furthermore play an important role in arranging and re-arranging concepts when formulating conclusions. Examples highlight how researchers may explicitly incorporate drawing in data analysis to harness the potential of a multisensory skill set and engage with transcribing in new ways.

Emotional Impact on Health Care Providers involved in Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Background:</i> Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) traverses challenging and emotionally overwhelming territories: Health Care Providers (HCP) across jurisdictions bridge the divide between normative yet opposing values of sanctity of life and dignity in death and dying resulting in a myriad of affective responses. These range from a rewarding experience on one end to an overwhelming sense of apprehension and unpreparedness on the other. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Methods:</i> A systematic review research methodology was adopted to review qualitative research studies from 4 databases (OVID Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus) and grey literature. Key author, citation, and reference searches were also undertaken. Papers were included if they presented qualitative data regarding the emotional impact on HCPs involved in MAiD. Studies were restricted to English language. Analysis was conducted using thematic meta-synthesis. Once thematic synthesis was completed, the cumulative evidence was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from reviews of qualitative research (CERQual) approach. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Results:</i> The search identified 4523 papers. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative research, 35 papers were included in the meta-synthesis. Three distinct emotional themes were identified— (1) Strong, internalized basic emotions including moral distress, (2) Role-based emotions based on individual personal/moral/professional values, and (3) Reflective emotions that point towards MAiD being a ‘sense-making process'. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>Conclusion:</i> This systematic review and meta-synthesis maps the current emotional discourse amongst HCPs involved in MAiD and discusses the role of legal frameworks and the position of the health care provider in shaping this discourse. <h3>This research was funded by</h3> This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Management: An Observational Study Guided by the SEIPS Model.

The aim of the rigorous endotracheal tube cuff pressure (ETTCP) management is to maintain cuff pressures within the recommended values during the mechanical ventilation period. However, hyperinflation or hypoinflation of cuff has been reported because of inconsistent clinical practices in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Furthermore, there is no available best evidence for clinical decision-making regarding the ETTCP management provided by international institutes. The aim of this study was to examine the ETTCP management work system in ICU settings in urban hospitals of Turkey and the United States using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model. This was a direct observational, prospective field study, in which the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) tool was used. The direct observations and follow-up interviews were conducted, and the results were reported using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model. We identified important characteristics of the ETTCP management work system in each of the 4 ICU and differences across the settings. Common use of the evidence-based and internationally used protocols may standardize the management of ETTCP, improve communication among ICU staff, and promote desired patient outcomes. There is a need for developing strategies to provide standardized ETTCP management and to improve patient's quality of care. To improve the patient outcomes and quality of care, ICU managers should consider clear expectations for ETTCP management in each job description, structured and evidence-based protocols, and effective communication among disciplines and provide teaching opportunities to encourage physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists to meet their educational needs.

Investigating service users' perspectives of eating disorder services: A meta-synthesis.

ObjectiveDespite a number of qualitative studies published from the perspective of eating disorder (ED) service users, there has been no attempt to exclusively synthesize their views to gain a fuller understanding of their ED service experiences. It is important to understand this perspective, since previous research highlights the difficulties ED healthcare professionals report when working with this client group.MethodA systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify qualitative studies focusing on experiences of ED services from the perspective of service users. Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent a quality appraisal check using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for qualitative research. These were then synthesized using a meta‐synthesis approach.ResultsFour overarching themes were generated: “Treatment: Focus on physical vs. psychological symptoms”; “Service Environment: The role of control within services”; “Staff: Experiences with staff and the value of rapport”; and “Peer Influence: Camaraderie vs. comparison.” Service users expressed a desire for more psychological input to tackle underlying difficulties relating to their ED. A complex relationship with feelings of control was described, with some feeling over‐controlled by service providers, while others retrospectively recognized the need for control to be taken away. Staff values, knowledge and trust played a significant role in treatment and recovery. Peers with an ED were described to be a valuable source of understanding and empathy, but some found peer influence to perpetuate comparison and competitiveness.DiscussionThe results portray some of the conflicts and complexities that service users encounter in ED services. A running thread throughout is the perceived importance of adopting an individualized approach within these services.

Scholars’ perspectives of positive youth development in coach education for high school sports

ABSTRACT Background Despite the fact that research supports the positive impact coach education has on increasing the quality of athletes’ developmental experiences in sport, there remains resistance regarding the use of positive youth development (PYD) content within coach education. The purpose of the current study is to explore what scholars, who are often viewed as ‘experts,’ believe is important to include in PYD-focused coach education for high school sport coaches. Methods A set of criteria, which were aligned with the study’s aims, were established to identify potential participants: (a) scholars who studied PYD-focused coach education, sport-based PYD, and/or coach education; (b) scholars who published their work in peer-reviewed journals; and (c) scholars who were aware of the nature of high school sport and/or conducted research focused on this sport context. In total, of 162 scholars from around the world who were recruited, 30 completed the entire questionnaire. Specifically, data were collected using a 20-question online survey as a qualitative research tool to understand scholars’ perceptions of the integration of PYD content in coach education, as well as how coaches may best learn about PYD content. Findings Findings highlight that scholars believe PYD-focused coach education is relevant for high school coaches and should focus on a variety of components, including life skills, social justice, and mental health literacy. Scholars also purport that holistic athlete development may be an effective overarching framework for coach education. Further, scholars believe that coach learning should be maximized through a combination of formal, non-formal, and informal learning situations and should focus on learner-centered pedagogical strategies. Implications PYD-focused coach education should help coaches consider technical, tactical, physical, and life skill development as equally important pursuits.

EVALUATION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION PROCESS IN SPORTS HIGHER EDUCATION

In present conditions, where distance education applications in higher education have become widespread due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it is seen in the research studies that the satisfaction levels of the lecturers and students are low. Although the developments in information technologies have reached advanced dimensions, the problems experienced in distance education systems have negatively affected the course functioning of the educators and the students' level of participation in the course. The issues experienced led the researchers to studies in which in-depth analysis of distance education applications was carried out. This study aims to evaluate the distance education applications in sports higher education. This research follows a case-study design, with a qualitative study model applied in terms of the techniques used to analyse the data obtained. The descriptive analysis method was taken as the basis of the study. As a qualitative research tool in the study, a semi-structured interview form was used by choosing the interview technique. The research study group consisted of fourteen academicians working in universities in Turkey, selected by criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods. The data obtained from the interviews were analysed in the MAXQDA 20 qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the study, it was emphasized that distance education in sports sciences should be designed and implemented according to the targeted outputs of the field-specific courses and the students' accessibility to distance education. Keywords: distance education, sports higher education, case study, MAXQDA.

Adapting Data Collection Tools for Qualitative Research in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

Over the last decades, qualitative research had gained increasing acceptance in studying experience of individuals and groups, events, process in phenomenon in diverse field of study like anthropology, sociology, health, and nursing, organizational and management, to name a few. Qualitative research encouraged an interaction between the researcher and the subject of study, with the researcher acting as an instrument of research and investigating the real-life experiences of the subjects under study. Qualitative data collection tools like field study, focus group interviews, observation, required a closer interaction between the researcher and the subject of study. However, in times of COVID-19 pandemic following the year 2019, several social restrictions to personal meeting, travel, and field visits were in placed internationally. Qualitative researchers were therefore required, by the needs of the time, to adapt the data collection and observation methods. Following a content analysis of the available scientific literature digitally, this study analyzed the changing landscape of qualitative data collection tools. This paper attempts to highlight how qualitative data collection tools can be adapted to the times during and post COVID-19 pandemic. With the help of tools like online video calls, asynchronous interviews, virtual reality devices and camera tours, alternatives to the conventional qualitative data collection tools could be identified. With benefits of time and cost saving offered by these alternative qualitative data collection tools, the author puts forward the relevance of these alternative tools not only in times of the COVID-19 pandemic but also in post pandemic times.

A qualitative meta-synthesis of research into patients' past experiences and perceptions of orthodontic treatment outcomes.

There is a growing body of evidence emphasizing the importance of research into patient-centred experience in orthodontics. Benefits following orthodontic treatment are mainly related to improved aesthetics and psychosocial outcomes. However, treatment experience from the perspective of orthodontic patients is yet to be fully understood. To understand the past experiences and current perceptions of treatment outcomes of orthodontic patients. A qualitative meta-ethnography. Qualitative studies and mixed-methods articles with a distinct qualitative component presenting patients' perception of outcomes and overall experiences after an active course of orthodontic treatment were included. Comprehensive electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EMBASE up to May 2021, supplemented by grey literature and manual searches. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of included studies. Analysis of data was conducted using meta-ethnographic methods. Out of 801 retrieved search hits, six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. The analysis revealed three main themes and associated sub-themes: (1) Reflection on the past treatment experience, (2) Patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes, and (3) Learning to live with retainers. Results express patients' opinions shortly after treatment, and the long-term impact of orthodontic treatment is yet to be understood. Orthodontic patients mainly viewed their experiences and treatment results positively. Desirable aesthetic outcomes, psychosocial outcomes, and satisfaction with smiles were often reported in the studies reviewed. However, some barriers to optimal experiences were noticed concerning orthodontic retention. PROSPERO (CRD42020180121).

WhatsApp? Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of a Messaging App as a Qualitative Research Tool

This article evaluates the use of the popular Mobile Messaging App (MMA) WhatsApp as a way to conduct qualitative research with geographically dispersed samples. Through the use of a case study of Latino expat-wives around the globe, we show how traditional methods of qualitative interviewing were adapted and evolved through the use of this application. Findings suggest that WhatsApp is a valuable tool for conducting qualitative research with specific advantages over other MMAs and VoIPs due to its familiarity amongst the target group and its flexible blending of video, audio, and written forms of communication. Particularly its use on smartphones led to interactions that went beyond regular face-to-face interviews, thus allowing us access normally only gained in ethnography studies. While this can be a gain in terms of building rapport and increase the depth of data collection, it also brings new challenges in terms of ensuring data quality, interpreting non-verbal cues and ensuring high ethical standards.

Systematic review of modern techniques in qualitative research

According to Mayan (2009), being a qualitative researcher entails various activities “It is a pleasure to share life and learning with others to make sense of our reality jointly. Non-experimental qualitative research is not only conducted with people but also performed through people.” According to its many definitions, qualitative research entails significant interpersonal contact. Throughout the process of qualitative research, from strategy to implementation, effective communication is essential. While numerous new qualitative research tools have emerged over the last several decades, those linked to communication technology have emerged as the most important and impactful. Because there is little information available regarding communication technologies in qualitative research, this article aims to produce an overview of the new developing technologies currently being used. For that, the writer has reviewed several pieces of literature on qualitative research. As surfaced from the literature, qualitative research has transformed to new heights using modern techniques. Therefore, qualitative researchers must keep up to date with the latest technological advances to get maximum productivity. JEL Classification: А10, А12.

Justice and solidarity in the perceptions of working-class youth in service industries

The modern approaches to the concepts of solidarity and justice that are basic for society have been examined in the article. In the Russian intellectual tradition, solidarity practices were considered within a moral and axiological dimension. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the specifics in the perceptions of new working-class youth involved in service sector of the economy of social justice and solidarity, interconnection of class self-awareness and corporate solidarity practices. The article contains an analysis of the original empirical material obtained by the implementation of qualitative sociological research tools. The object of the study was the working-class youth employed in the service sector of the economy, both in the field of customer service and in the infrastructure field of industrial production. Novelty of the article lies within generalization of this youth’s perceptions of justice, types and forms of solidarity. The research yielded such conclusion that the most significant and recognized issues of justice and solidarity for the working-class youth are in the field of industrial relations. As it was revealed during the research, the youth of the service sector is objectively vulnerable to the highest precarity of industrial relations. However, its actual dangers have not yet gained enough recognition of public consciousness and are not studied by Russian sociologists. Issues of the first employment of the youth, discrepancy between professional qualifications and labor markets, intergenerational crisis in industrial relations remain the most acute problems of justice. The respondents view solidarity as relations in a particular workforce, usually in a passive manner; the awareness of class solidarity is virtually nonexistent. The working-class youth demonstrates indifference towards political forms of solidarity and to political life.

ESL teachers and students' perceptions toward blended learning during Covid -19 pandemic

The global disruption caused by the COVID-19 epidemic has unquestionably created untold, indescribable, and pervasive issues in the Philippines' educational system. Teachers have been challenged with implementing distance learning modes from the beginning of the pandemic, often without adequate guidance, training, or resources. The researcher was inspired by the influence of COVID 19 on professors and students at Bulacan State University to investigate the feasibility of establishing a transformative learning process that is flexible in context and practice. This study looked at how teachers and students felt about using a variety of blended learning methodologies. It used a mixed method to investigate the relationship between students' and instructors' perceptions of blended language instruction, as well as Creswell's explanatory sequential research design. Thirty students and twenty English faculty members from the chosen university took part in the study. Qualitative and quantitative research tools were used. The data was collected through two questionnaires. For in-depth investigation, semi-structured, virtual interviews were conducted with a focus group composed of deliberately selected five (5) students and five (5) faculty. Overall, the participants were unanimous in their perceptions that Blended Learning did not positively impact the learning of the students in their course "Purposive Communication". Keywords: Blended-Learning, Covid 19-Pandemic, ESL, Perception, Purposive Communication

Review: Rapid Ethnographic Assessments: A Practical Approach and Toolkit for Collaborative Community Research, by Thurka Sangaramoorthy and Karen A. Kroeger

Review: <i>Rapid Ethnographic Assessments: A Practical Approach and Toolkit for Collaborative Community Research</i>, by Thurka Sangaramoorthy and Karen A. Kroeger

Women empowerment through agricultural technology: Case study of Mymensingh-Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, attention to women empowerment through agricultural technology adoption is not new, but it has not always been acted upon accordingly. This study attempts to carry out an investigation through using both quantitative and qualitative research tools to examine the extent of women's technology adoption in agriculture and their consequent empowerment attainment in selected villages of Mymensingh sadar. To achieve the objectives of the present study, necessary data were collected by using simple random sampling technique, the study selected total of 60 women respondents. The quantitative analytical tools employed to attain the specific objectives included various descriptive statistical measures, perception index and women empowerment index by adoption technology. The results of perception index analysis indicated that majority had moderate to high favorable perception on greater extent of women's engagement in adoption agricultural technology among which may had low to moderate favorable perception on consequent empowerment attainment. The findings show that almost in all cases, decision was taken jointly by male and female. It is very satisfactory case that decision is taken by female alone particularly in the cases purchase of agricultural equipment, maintenance of agricultural equipment, motivating to use agricultural technologies, selling of old machineries. The value of average women empowerment score is 1.81, which is below from the average empowerment score 2.

The Political Identity of Ethnicity in the Local Election of Makassar City 2018

The emergence of ethnic politics begins with the growth of awareness that identifies them as belonging to a particular ethnic group or group. This awareness then gave rise to group solidarity and a sense of nationality. In the context of local political dynamics in Makassar City, it is inevitable that there will be a struggle for ethnic identity politics in the struggle for the throne of power. This research method uses a qualitative-exploratory approach with a phenomenological approach, namely exploring the phenomenon of ethnic identity politics in the struggle for the throne of power in Makassar City. Data analysis using Nvivo 12 Pro qualitative research tools. The results of the study show the phenomenon of ethnic identity politics in the Makassar City Election as seen in ethnic political attacks on political communication [original Makassarese] and [immigrants] during the 2018 Makassar City Election. The victory of an empty city in the 2018 Makassar mayoral election has been described as a democratic victory. for the little people and the defeat of the local political elite. This can trigger the growth and widespread practice of ethnic identity politics in the upcoming Pilkada in Makassar City. The birth of resentment from local political elites, which is reflected in the attacks of identity politics through political communication [We are 100% Makassar, while he is 100% Gorontalo] will exacerbate political and social instability in the Makassar City area. Therefore, the maturity of the local elite is needed to create local political qualities. This political maturity will have an impact on improving the quality of politics and making local political battles more productive and healthy.