Qualitative Research Paradigm Research Articles

Arts-based research and the performative paradigm

Art-based methods are gaining popularity across the academy and psychology is no exception. In this commentary, we explain how artistic research can be considered within its own paradigm which differs methodologically and epistemologically to quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. This difference is critical and demands that artistic research attends to process-oriented questions and the ineffability of the knowledge it generates. By contrasting paradigms, we argue that research within the performative research paradigm uniquely generates practice-based insights, through artistic processes, that are embodied and non-representational. Our aim in this commentary is to increase awareness of the performative research paradigm among arts-based researchers in psychology and to encourage them to embrace the performative power of artistic research.

Kompetensi Penelitian Dosen dalam Meningkatkan Publikasi Ilmiah Era Digital (Studi Kasus dalam Konteks Pendidikan Umum/Karakter)

Research competency is a mandatory element for a lecturer to have as a concrete form of knowledge applied in academic life. Lecturers are professional educators and scientists who carry out the tridharma activities of higher education, namely, learning activities both in the classroom and in the classroom, research activities in order to develop and give birth to new knowledge, and community service activities. This research aims to formulate lecturer competencies and scientific publications in the digital era. Researchers use a qualitative research paradigm with a case study approach. The sample in this research were lecturers with doctoral degrees and the functional academic position of lecturer. They live on the island of West Java, Indonesia. The research results show that (1) A lecturer has six competencies, namely pedagogical, professional, research, service, personality and social competencies; (2) Lecturers conduct research at least twice a year, to increase productivity/scientific publications in the digital era; (3) The digital era provides distinct advantages for lecturers, namely ease of access to information, in the form of data collection, data analysis, and publication of research results, both print and digital, displaying attractive forms.

Mapping shared lexical bundles onto rhetorical moves in nursing research articles: A comparative study of paradigmatic variation

Abstract Previous studies have identified frequent lexical bundles associated with qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research paradigms. These paradigmatic investigations of lexical bundles conducted thus far seem to have two limitations. One is that they have primarily concentrated on distinctive lexical bundles, without much analysis of the shared bundles in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research paradigms. Another shortcoming is that they tend not to explore in which contexts lexical bundles are likely to occur. These two problems deserve attention, as shared bundles are also frequently used to facilitate fluent linguistic production and analysing lexical bundles in their surrounding contexts can help reveal their specific textual meanings. To address these two limitations, this study seeks to link shared lexical bundles with rhetorical moves based on a corpus consisting of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods nursing research articles. The findings of this study show that in certain move-steps, shared lexical bundles have distinctive discourse functions in mixed methods research. Meanwhile, the findings also show that there are move-steps where shared lexical bundles have similar discourse functions in two or three research paradigms. Revealing shared lexical bundles’ discourse functions in specific contexts may enable learners to know where to use the bundles in a text.

Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study

Nurses, who play an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, are exposed to emotional and psychological stress due to unforeseen risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of nurses who are at the forefront in the emergency department, where COVID-19 suspected cases are first encountered, and to analyze their emotional and psychological needs in the light of Alderfer's Existence-Relationship-Growth theory. Data were collected from 20 May to 15 June 2020 in Muğla, Türkiye. 10 nurses working in the COVID-19 emergency department constituted the study sample. The descriptive phenomenological study was planned according to the qualitative research paradigm, based on the Consolidated Qualitative Research Reporting Criteria checklist. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. As a result of the analysis of the data, when the psychological needs of clinical nurses were evaluated in terms of Existence-Relatedness-Growth theory, it was determined that their health and safety needs were priority and they needed respect and understanding in their relationships. The life experiences of nurses working in the emergency room, under two main themes as “patient care process experiences” and “feelings”, and their emotional and psychological needs under three themes as “need to exist”, “need to establish relationship” and “need to develop” gathered under. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that the existence, relationship, and growth needs of emergency nurses were affected by each other.

Tourism Policies and Performance of Nigerian Heritage Sites

Background: Tourism policies have a significant impact on the preservation, promotion, and overall performance of heritage sites for both domestic and international tourists. This review provides insights into the entities responsible for tourism policy formulation, the policy objective, and how the stated objectives are being realized while shedding light on their implications for sustainability, economic growth, and cultural preservation. The main objective of Nigeria's tourism policy is to protect and improve the nation's natural and cultural heritage. Many activities aimed at encouraging tourism development include planning, provision of infrastructure, taxation regime that supports tourism growth, education and training for tourism employees, marketing, legislation and regulation in order to protect and preserve tourist facilities as well as the country's natural resources, historical and cultural assets. The critical concern is the enforcement and effectiveness of regulations, specifically the probability of a policy successfully promoting sustainable and viable tourism development and management. Aims: This paper therefore investigates the influence of tourism policies on the performance of heritage sites in Nigeria and the need for policy review for improved performance of Nigerian heritage sites. Methodology: The qualitative research paradigm emerged from a comprehensive review of tourism policy literature in Nigeria. The examination of documents and research projects focused on various aspects of tourism policy planning and governance, policy formulation, policy objectives, and their implications for sustainability, economic growth, and natural/cultural heritage preservation. In the data analysis, the comprehensive review were presented with an interpretative narrative. Results: The findings revealed that Nigeria's tourism policy seeks to empower the tourism industry and position it as a key driver of economic growth, job creation, and cultural heritage preservation. However, the policy's ability to achieve its goals optimally has been significantly hampered by lack of relevant mechanisms to measure overall levels of compliance, overreliance on petroleum resources, poor planning, and inadequate participation of relevant stakeholders in policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring. Conclusion: Despite policies and frameworks, Nigeria's tourism sector, including cultural heritage sites, has failed to reach its goals, losing the economy numerous potential benefits. In order to address the current circumstances and ensure successful heritage site design, development, and management in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for revision of the country’s tourism policy objectives and adequate enforcement measures implemented to adapt to changing circumstances and priorities.

Internalisasi Prinsip Moderasi Beragama Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) di SMA

Civics education shouldn't be a dry and dull subject anymore. One such learning approach is a civics implementation strategy centered on religious moderation. Students are encouraged to investigate and evaluate diversity issues in their surroundings using the Civics learning technique, which is based on Bhineka Tunggal Ika. The concept of religious moderation is defined as a disposition of respect, tolerance, and moderation toward all forms of difference, including religious differences. Because of Indonesia's extreme diversity and the situations that lead to conflict over it, it is crucial to practice religious moderation. With civics teachers and Class X 2 students as research subjects, the purpose of this article is to clarify the significance of religious moderation guidelines through educational institutions that emphasize citizenship education (PKn) at SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli. In order to understand a phenomenon that happens in society, this study used a qualitative descriptive research paradigm. through the use of field observations and interviewing as data collection methods. The study's findings provide an explanation for: (1) Civics education based on Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, which moderates religious learning, is beneficial in fostering national understanding and fostering conversations about diversity. Students can practice living side by side with a loving and harmonious mindset by working on projects based on Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. in any variation.

The Transformation of Educational Values via Cultural Offerings in the Context of Teacher Education

Education and culture are seen as key components of the learning process. In this context, discussions about the quality of education and approaches to strengthening educational values, as well as the importance of culture in the transmission of these values, are becoming increasingly relevant. However, in Latvia, studies regarding people who attend various cultural events do not focus on strengthening educational values or linking them to the cultural context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore how educational values are linked to current trends in cultural offerings and how they are reflected in teacher education. The research methodology followed a qualitative and quantitative research paradigm and the specifics of interdisciplinary research. The data were obtained using surveys and focus group discussions. The overall strategy of the study is based on a holistic, multidisciplinary approach that takes the regional discourse in Latvia into account. The research results prove that cultural experiences have contributed to the development of most respondents’ personalities and emphasize the role of teachers in the transmission of educational values. The qualitative and educational content of cultural offerings promotes a culture of discussion, strengthens community consciousness, and shapes cultural taste.

“Straight-acting to the Front”: Investigating the Influence of a Sexually Normative Double-bind on Gay and Lesbian Students at a South African University Campus

Heteronormativity posits heterosexuality as the only acceptable and normal presentation of gendered and sexual identities. Similarly, homonormativity structures social life along heteronormative beliefs and ideals to construct conventional gay and lesbian identities. This article comments on a critical sociological exploration of the influences of these sexual normativities on the identity construction of gay and lesbian students at one campus of a South African university. Discourse was explored through a qualitative research paradigm focused on the lived experiences and reported narratives of gay and lesbian students. Three findings emerged from the data: first, how the participants socially constructed and performed their “ideal” gay and lesbian identities according to interrelated and mutually reinforcing hetero- and homonormative principles; second, these idealised typologies informed the social placement of gay and lesbian students on campus; finally, said ideals resulted in a so-called sexually normative double-bind that required gay and lesbian students to continuously navigate their membership of in- and/or out-groups on campus.

Madrasah Education Quality Reform: Improving Teacher Quality post Pandemic in Indonesia

Indonesia has launched a reform agenda for the quality of madrasah education through the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, especially in terms of improving the quality of madrasah teachers as part of the sustainable development carried out by the government in the field of education. Therefore, this research aims to highlight the factors underlying the reform agenda on teacher quality. In addition, how madrasahs take the momentum of the end of the pandemic as a turning point to make comprehensive improvements. This research uses a qualitative research paradigm with a literature approach, where data is collected from the study of various literature related to the topic of discussion. The data is then verified and analyzed systematically to be presented in a structured manner. The results show that there are at least three main factors that encourage madrasahs to reform the quality of teachers related to aspects of digitalization, adaptation, and creativity. These three aspects are the core competencies that are relevant for madrasah teachers to face various situations today. The digitalization aspect departs from teachers' low teaching technology skills when implementing online classes and using various alternative learning technologies. The adaptive aspect is how the teacher's ability to respond to uncertain changes, where the rapid transition of situations requires teachers' attitude and ability to adapt to various situations. The creativity aspect for teachers is the ability of teaching art that is needed for teachers to create a pleasant learning atmosphere for students both during online and offline learning.

Human Rights Education: Exploring the Safety of Teachers in South African Secondary Public Schools

This paper examined the extent and nature of safety for teachers in their different school settings and further underscored the importance of safety for teachers in the school context. The current school environment is violent owing to the increasing lack of teachers’ ability to maintain order in schools due to the uncertain alternatives to corporal punishment. This creates a hostile learning environment that weakens the teachers’ position of power and prohibits them from using their authority and fulfilling their duty to provide learners with compassionate monitoring. A qualitative interpretivist research paradigm was used in this study employing Critical Emancipatory Research (CER) as a research framework. A CER framework aims to strengthen the liberating, enlightening, emancipating, and empowering democratic values of equality and justice among the researcher and the participants in the research setting. A team of four teachers, a principal, and the School Governing Body (SGB) member from each school were purposively sampled to apply the principles of PAR in Lejweleputswa District in the Free State Province in South Africa. A focused group was employed to answer the following questions: What are the perceptions of secondary school teachers regarding their safety in the school setting? To what extent does learners’ violent behaviour threaten teachers’ safety at schools? And, how can teachers be assisted to change their minds regarding Human Rights Education as a tool for peaceful education? Data was analysed thematically. The findings of this research showed that teachers do not feel safe at their workplace, they fear both learners and parents who most of the time come to humiliate them physically and emotionally in front of their learners. The study contributes to a debate on the safety of teachers in schools for professional development. Keywords: Human Rights Education, Teacher-Learner Relationships, Teachers’ Safety, Parental Involvement.

Relationship Marketing and Sustainable Competitive Advantage at Tema Branch of Zoomlion Ghana Limited

The competitive business environment shows that today’s business combat different and more complex factors to remain competitive in their field of endeavour. In the service industry, the emphasis is placed on customer identification, customer retention, customer satisfaction and fostering long term relationship. The purpose of the study was to identify how Zoomlion Ghana Limited can leverage on relationship marketing to create competitive advantage. The study adopted the qualitative research paradigm and a case study research design. The study was conducted in the Tema metropolises with the population being employees and customers of Zoomlion Ghana Limited. The sample procedure used was convenience and sample size comprised of 50 employees and 200 customers of the company. The data for the study was obtained primarily through questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. The study established employees understood their roles in adopting relationship marketing, however, employees lacked the necessary communication equipment to help facilitate the process. This also reflected in the challenges employees faced in establishing relationship with customers. Also, Zoomlions Company Ltd.’s working environment proved not to encourage innovation among employees. The study recommended that Zoomlion should invest in modern communication system that will enhance communication, trust, and commitment as a basis for establishing relationship marketing strategy.

Need Analysis of English Conversation for Hawkers in Mandalika Special Economic Zone, West Nusa Tenggara

The research aimed to investigate the English proficiency level, what English conversation materials are needed, and what obstacles hawkers face in Mandalika Special Economy Zone when communicating with foreign tourists. This study utilizes a qualitative research paradigm with a descriptive approach; this study paints a comprehensive picture of the language abilities of Mandalika's hawkers, the materials of English conversation needed by hawkers, and the hawkers' obstacles when communicating with foreign tourists. Methods of collecting data consist of interviews, documentation, and observation. Some steps to analyze the data collected are data condensation, data display, verification, concluding, and data validity. Findings reveal a diverse spectrum of English proficiency levels among hawkers, ranging in primary and intermediate proficiency levels. Specifically, from 20 hawkers as research subjects, 13 hawkers exhibit a basic level of proficiency, while seven hawkers demonstrate intermediate-level skills. The assessment of English proficiency level is based on three crucial aspects that the hawkers always use namely understanding of English communication, non-verbal communication strategies employed by the hawkers, and vocabulary usage. These materials vary depending on the type of goods hawkers sell, highlighting the importance of tailored language resources. This research found 4 (four) crucial materials or topics to be mastered when communicating with foreign tourists: greetings and welcoming, describing specialties, providing personal/additional information, and discussing prices and payment. Additionally, the research uncovers obstacles faced by hawkers in their communication with foreign tourists. These challenges encompass hawkers' difficulty in explaining products, the low English proficiency of most Hawkers, and also language and vocabulary constraints of hawkers.

Benefits of Exposing Third-year English Language Student Teachers to Service Learning in One Rural-based University

The study explored the benefits of exposing third-year Bachelor of Education students to Service Learning at a rural-based South African University. Service Learning (SL) is a practice that links community service with learning activities to promote substantive learning. This study aimed to explore whether third-year student teachers could benefit from helping first-year student university students acquire literacy skills through SL. The study was underpinned by the Experiential learning theory (ELT). A qualitative research paradigm underpinned by an interpretative epistemology was used in this study. A non-random sampling technique was used to select participants from the Faculty of Education at the participating institution. Data were generated using observing classroom activities, semi-structured and focus group interviews. Data analysis emerged with themes and sub-themes. Overall, the results revealed that the third-year students gained self-confidence, enhanced self-esteem and enhanced academic skills. The study revealed that exposing students to SL made them gain academic knowledge, cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, and self-confidence as they endeavoured to put theoretical knowledge into practice. As a pedagogy, SL created an enabling environment for learners to express themselves freely – thereby creating space for the expression and consolidation of new experiences. Thus, the study suggested that SL be incorporated into pre-service teacher education programmes from the first year in a spiral curriculum modality up to the fourth (last) year of study. Incorporation of SL into teacher education programmes may be done by infusing it into School experience modules as proposed by the participants.

Exploring clinical reasoning in child language assessment through decoloniality

Purpose Clinical reasoning has been taught, practised, and researched under Western epistemologies, which have been fallible in addressing the complexity of clinical reasoning within Indigenous cultures and societies. We explored how speech-language pathologists in Sri Lanka negotiate and value Indigenous and Western perspectives in clinical reasoning within a decolonial framework. Method This study used participatory research methodology within the decolonised qualitative research paradigm to produce data collaboratively with eight Sri Lankan speech-language pathologists. Oral history narratives and object-based textual reflections generated the necessary data for the study. Systematic visual-textual analysis and reflexive thematic analysis were carried out iteratively, and the data analysis and interpretation were undertaken collaboratively with the participants. Result We generated four key themes about professional education, individuality in practice, holistic thinking, and balancing interests and priorities. The results demonstrate that social, political, and economic forces impact practitioners’ clinical reasoning. Conclusion Practising science in its original form within Indigenous contexts is challenging. Colonial roots and imperialism impact the delivery of appropriate services in socially and politically marginalised communities. Practitioners’ self-awareness about authentic identities and practical wisdom can develop culturally relevant knowledge for equitable practice.

Making a Case for New Directions in English Language Research at University of Cape Coast (UCC)

Drawing insights from existing studies on research synthesize (e.g. Farsani & Babaii, 2018/2020; Plonsky & Oswald, 2015), this study engages in a meta-analysis of MPhil theses from the Department of English, University of Cape Coast (UCC), in order to make a case for new directions for language research in the department. A critical content analytical approach was adopted to analyse eighteen (18) theses purposively sampled from the University of Cape Coast Institutional Theses Repository. The analysis focused on the research topics/domains, theoretical frameworks adopted, and research methods used. The study revealed following: (a) most of the studies were conducted in the domain of the media; (b) while most of the studies employed the qualitative research paradigm, very few adopted the mixed method approach and no study employed the quantitative approach; and (c) most of the studies were underpinned by the Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) theory while few employed the Theory of Nativization and Genre Theory. The study contends that there should be a shift in the focus of MPhil thesis to make it possible for the adoption of the mixed method and quantitative approaches as well as theories such as pragmatics, language variation, generative linguistics and corpus stylistics.

Analisis Kepatuhan Koperasi Syariah Pada Implementasi Akad IMBT Ditinjauan dari Fatwa DSN MUI No. 27 Tahun 2002

Essentially, the majority of people want to fulfill their needs for consumer or productive goods quickly and through a simple process, In this context, Islam is present as a solution for society to meet society's needs for assets through financing agreements contract al-Ijarah Muntahiyah Bi at-Tamlik (IMBT). Which aims to review the suitability of the implementation of the contract al-Ijarah Muntahiyah Bi at-Tamlik against DSN-MUI fatwa no. 27 of 2002 about IMBT. Field research is the form of research used, and the research method employed is a descriptive method with a qualitative research paradigm approach. Data was obtained through several data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. The results of the research state that apart from the conformity of several IMBT contract implementations to the DSN-MUI Fatwa, The DSN-MUI Fatwa is not followed in a number of implementations, including the transfer of ownership at the start of the IMBT contract, the full tenant-borne maintenance costs for the rental items, and the initial intention of customers applying for IMBT contract financing, which was not to satisfy their needs for consumer or productive goods.

Headteachers’ Support and Challenges Toward ICT Integration into Teaching and Learning in Ghanaian Basic Schools

ABSTRACT This study explored headteachers’ support toward ICT integration into teaching and learning and the challenges they face in offering such support. By employing a qualitative research paradigm, the study interviewed 10 headteachers and 10 ICT-trained teachers from one education district in the Greater Accra Region. Findings generated from a thematic analytical technique showed that the headteachers supported ICT integration into teaching and learning by organizing and supporting teachers in ICT-related trainings, monitoring and supervising teachers, providing and mobilizing ICT infrastructure, and maintaining the ICT infrastructure. However, inadequate funds to support the procurement of ICT equipment, lack of stakeholder support in mobilizing ICT resources, difficulty in training teachers, unavailability of electricity and internet facilities, and high maintenance costsconstrained headteachers’ efforts in supporting ICT integration into teaching and learning. The study concludes that for headteachers to successfully support ICT use among their teachers, pragmatic steps must be taken by policymakers to address the challenges they face in providing such support.

Navigating Climate Action in Nigeria: Assessing Sustainable Development Goal 13 Implementation and Challenges

Purpose: This paper critically examines the progress and challenges associated with implementing Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) in Nigeria, focusing on combating climate change and its impacts. Method: Adopting a qualitative research paradigm, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of governmental and non-governmental efforts related to SDG 13 in Nigeria. It involves thorough investigation and qualitative assessment to understand the challenges and advancements in implementing climate-related initiatives. Results and Conclusion: While full domestication of SDG 13 remains unachieved in Nigeria, promising efforts are observed at the local level, with active engagement in climate action planning by government and non-governmental agencies. Strategic recommendations are proposed to improve implementation. Implications of research: The study suggests enhancing institutional coordination and fostering collaboration among government agencies, local governments, community groups, and stakeholders to collectively address climate challenges in Nigeria. Originality/Value: This research's originality lies in its analysis of the Nigerian context, offering strategic recommendations to bolster climate action through inclusive engagement and resource pooling. The utilization of qualitative research methods adds depth to understanding the complexities of SDG 13 implementation in Nigeria.

The Realities of Anti-Corruption and Whistleblowing

Abstract Despite the existence of anti-corruption whistleblowing laws, Zimbabwe’s public service has suffered from maladministration, corrupt politicians, “mediators” and businesses, malpractice and irregularities for a long time. This article, employing grounded theory within a qualitative research paradigm, discusses a study which draws on eight interviews and found that whistleblowers lack state protection because state institutions do not have the political will to protect them. These realities are associated with: 1) state organisation capacity and success, or lack of it, in whistleblower protection in the public sector; 2) the significance of legislative and regulatory measures that encourage citizens to become whistleblowers as a key deterrent against corruption; 3) the lack of operationalisation of whistleblower protection within public organisations; 4) the possibility of creative intervention strategies and tactics that would increase the role and success of whistleblowing initiatives and actions; and 5) future financial incentives in laws and regulations that could encourage whistleblowing.

Lessons learned during online education experiences of kindergarten during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This study explored the online education experiences of students, teachers and parents of kindergarten in Bangladesh during the emergency situation created by COVID-19. A qualitative research paradigm approach was followed. Students, teachers and parents of kindergartens from eight divisions of Bangladesh, one respondent of each category from each division, were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using mobile phones due to COVID-19. This study revealed that online education brought opportunities to engage students in academic activities and reduced education loss but created physical, psychological and video games addiction problems. Challenges that arose included device shortages, lack of training and technical skills, network connectivity problems, slow internet speed and the high-cost of internet data packages to implement the online education of kindergartens successfully. As the world comes out of the pandemic the learning acquired during this time informed possibilities for future online teaching in kindergarten including upskilling the early childhood workforce in this digital age.